风池穴不同刺法对椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效评价

目的:探究风池穴不同刺法对椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:选择2018年4月—2019年1月北京中医药大学东直门医院针灸科门诊就诊的84例椎动脉型颈椎病患者作为研究对象,分为观察组43例、对照组41例。观察组采用短刺法针刺风池穴治疗,对照组采用平补平泻法针刺风池穴治疗,1个疗程后比较两组患者的ESCV、颈椎病症状分级量化表评分以及TCD相关指标,TCD指标观察基底动脉和双侧椎动脉的平均血流速度(Vm)、收缩期血流速度峰值(Vs)、血管搏动指数(PI)和血管阻力指数(RI)的变化。结果:治疗前后两组ESCV、颈椎病症状分级量化表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且椎动脉、基底动脉的Vs、Vm较治疗前明显减慢,且观察组治疗效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺风池穴治疗椎动脉型颈椎病临床效果显著,且短刺法优于平补平泻法。     

包含颈外静脉的颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔癌切除后缺损

目的探讨将颈外静脉包含在颈阔肌肌皮瓣内修复口腔癌切除后缺损的手术方法。方法先形成蒂在颌缘下包含颈外静脉的颈阔肌肌皮瓣，待口腔肿瘤切除后，将肌皮瓣经口底隧道引入口腔修复缺损。结果临床应用17例，肌皮瓣均无血运障碍，100％存活，其中有2例发生口面痿，经换药后痿口完全闭合。结论将颈外静脉包含在颈阔肌肌皮瓣内有助于肌皮瓣血循环的改善和存活率的提高。     

带桡神经浅支营养血管蒂的桡骨茎突骨(膜)复合瓣转位术

目的介绍一种修复掌、指骨缺损合并皮肤软组织缺损的新型手术方法。方法自2002年以来应用桡神经浅内侧支营养血管的骨(膜)皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损合并掌指骨缺损12例,该复合瓣以桡骨茎突和第2掌骨头的连线为轴心线,以桡神经浅内侧支营养血管构成筋膜蒂。皮瓣最大6cm×3cm,最小3cm×2cm;骨(膜)瓣最大3cm×1.5cm,最小2cm×1.5cm。结果术后12例复合瓣全部成活,创面一期修复,X线显示骨缺损和骨不连在术后2～3个月达到骨愈合,但6例有不同程度的掌指关节活动受限,经康复治疗后好转;术后随访8～12个月,手部外形及功能均较满意。结论桡神经浅内侧支营养血管骨(膜)皮瓣的设计合理,血供可靠,操作简便,适用于修复手背部皮肤软组织缺损合并第1、2、3掌骨和拇、食指指骨近节部分缺损。     

恶性淋巴瘤自体造血干细胞移植后复发的研究进展

自体造血干细胞移植 (ASCT)是治疗复发性、难治性和侵袭性恶性淋巴瘤的有效方法 ,但因存在体内肿瘤细胞负荷过多和移植物被肿瘤细胞污染 ,使移植后的复发率增高。为了提高ASCT的疗效 ,可采取 :①移植前美罗华体内净化 ,除去外周血B细胞 ,清除移植物的肿瘤细胞污染 ;②移植后用美罗华和非交叉耐药药物交替联合化疗 ,以杀伤体内肿瘤细胞 ;③移植前或后累及野放射治疗 (IFRT)辅助 ,降低原发灶的复发率     

莱菔硫烷对ox-LDL诱导血小板活化的抑制作用

目的：探讨莱菔硫烷（sulforaphane,SFN）对氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL）诱导血小板活化的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法：在体外实验中,将健康人纯化血小板与不同浓度的SFN(1.0、2.5、5.0μmol/L)共同孵育40 min,然后用ox-LDL激活血小板20 min,并检测血小板活化的指标,包括CD62P的表达、胞内血小板因子4(platelet factor4,PF4)和趋化因子配体5(chemokine ligand 5,CCL5)的释放水平。机制上,用Western blot蛋白免疫印迹法检测血小板肉瘤酪氨酸激酶（sarcoma tyrosine kinase,Src）及其下游的脾酪氨酸激酶（spleen tyrosine kinase,Syk）磷酸化水平;用活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）检测试剂盒测定胞内总ROS水平。结果：ox-LDL诱导的血小板CD62P的表达以及PF4和CCL5的释放水平均可被SFN显著抑制（P <0.05）;SFN显著下调ox-LD...     

Effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1）

To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.     

耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖的再认识与腮腺切除手术的改良

目的：对耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖进行再认识，由此改良腮腺切除手术方法。方法：解剖成人尸体10侧，术中活体解剖20侧，对耳大神经和腮腺筋膜的解剖要素进行观察。根据观察结果进行改良腮腺切除术14例，即在腮腺筋膜表面翻瓣后，由前向后另翻腮腺筋膜瓣，切除腮腺后将筋膜瓣复位缝合，完整保留耳大神经和腮腺筋膜。结果：耳大神经在下颌角水平之上0-2cm依次分耳后、耳垂、耳前支，神经主干末段和分支起始段均分布于腮腺筋膜浅层表面，后者致密，其致密纤维包裹在神经周围。改良手术后2例（14．3％）发生轻度Frey’s综合征，无1例发生术区皮肤长期麻木、长期面瘫、涎瘘及肿瘤复发。结论：耳大神经各分支和腮腺筋膜具有不可代替的解剖生理功能，改良术式能将两者完好保留，显著降低术后并发症。     

微创截骨手法整复术治疗拇外翻

目的： 探讨微创截骨手法整复术治疗拇外翻的临床疗效。方法： 自2018年1月至2019年5月采用微创截骨手法整复术治疗拇外翻患者31例（42足）,其中男3例,女28例;年龄18~76（50.1±4.9）岁。观察并比较手术前后拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle,HVA）,第1,2跖骨间角（inter metatarsal angle,IMA）,第1,2跖骨长度差变化,术后采用美国矫形骨科学会足踝外科学组（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）拇趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统进行功能评价。结果： 31例（42足）患者获得随访,时间14~18（15.1±1.2）个月。HVA、IM分别由术前的（38.5±5.4）°、（13.0±1.1）°矫正到术后的（14.3±4.7）°、（9.1±1.5）°（P<0.05）。术前1、2跖骨长度差为2~-4（-0.59±1.80） mm,术后为0~-6（-3.53±1.60） mm,平均第1跖骨短缩2.94 mm,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。AOFAS评分由术前的（57.8±9.7）分提高到术后的（92.1±9.3）分,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中优23足,良16足,可3足。结论： 微创截骨手法整复术手术时间短、切口小、能够有效纠正拇外翻畸形、改善前足功能,获得良好疗效。     

Validation of low-cost models for minimal invasive surgery training of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia

BackgroundMinimal invasive surgery (MIS) is increasingly used for the correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and esophageal atresia (EA). It is important to master these complex procedures, preferably preclinically, to avoid complications. The aim of this study was to validate recently developed models to train these MIS procedures preclinically.MethodsTwo low cost, reproducible models (one for CDH and one for EA) were validated during several pediatric surgical conferences and training sessions (January 2017–December 2018), used in either the LaparoscopyBoxx or EoSim simulator. Participants used one or both models and completed a questionnaire regarding their opinion on realism (face validity) and didactic value (content validity), rated on a five-point-Likert scale.ResultsOf all 60 participants enrolled, 44 evaluated the EA model. All items were evaluated as significantly better than neutral, with means ranging from 3.7 to 4.1 (p < 0.001). The CDH model was evaluated by 48 participants. All items scored significantly better than neutral (means 3.5–3.9, p < 0.001), with exception of the haptics of the simulated diaphragm (mean 3.3, p = 0.054). Both models were considered a potent training tool (means 3.9).ConclusionThese readily available and low budget models are considered a valid and potent training tool by both experts and target group participants.Type of studyProspective study.Level of evidenceLevel II.     

一氧化氮合酶与浸润性乳腺癌血管形成的关系及临床意义

目的:探讨一氧化氮合酶(nitrioxide synthase,NOS)与浸润性乳腺癌新生血管形成的关系及其临床意义。方法:采用分光光度法检测30例浸润性乳腺癌及其相应癌旁乳腺组织和30例良性乳腺病变组织的 NOS活性,应用免疫组织化学SP法,以抗第8因子相关抗原(ⅧRAg)抗体标记血管内皮细胞,根据ⅧRAg阳性的血管内皮细胞计数来测定微血管密度(microvessel density, MVD)。结果:1)浸润性乳腺癌 NOS活性(2. 22±1 .39)显著高于相应癌旁乳腺组织(1. 29±0 .48)及良性乳腺病变组织(0 .50±0. 14),P=0 .004,P=0. 000;相应癌旁乳腺组织NOS活性高于良性乳腺病变组织,P=0 .000。2)乳腺癌 MVD计数(40. 53±8. 29)明显高于相应癌旁乳腺组织(18. 07±4. 90),P=0 000。3)有腋淋巴结转移者 NOS活性(2 .60±1 .66)高于无淋巴结转移者(1 .72±0 .41),P=0 .048,且明显形成更多的微血管,P=0 000。4)乳腺肿瘤组织NOS活性和MVD与肿瘤大小、分化程度和ER、PR表达状况无关。5)浸润性乳腺癌NOS活性与肿瘤 MVD呈正相关,r=0 .494,P=0 .014。结论:1)浸润性乳腺癌NOS活性、MVD与其淋巴结转移密切相关,一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)生成可促肿瘤新生血管形成,并促其生长、发展和侵袭转移。2)肿瘤微环境中 NO合成增加可能促肿瘤生长。3)NOS活性增加可作