持续性颅内压监测在颅脑外伤治疗的效果探讨

目的对急性重型颅脑外伤患者在临床治疗中实施持续性颅内压监测的价值进行研究。方法选择本院在2017年8月—2018年8月期间收治的确诊为重型颅脑外伤的患者共计28例作为研究对象,按照硬币法将这些患者划分为两个小组,对照组14例,实验组14例。采用常规治疗方式对对照组加以治疗,采用持续性颅内压监测对实验组加以治疗,对两组患者的治疗效果进行比较。结果对照组的预后神经功能NHISS评分为(15.83±0.31)分、预后GOS评分为(3.19±0.15)分,实验组的预后神经功能NHISS评分为(11.18±0.45)分、预后GOS评分为(4.90±0.17)分。实验组预后神经功能NHISS评分、GOS评分均明显优于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在急性重型颅脑外伤患者的临床治疗中应用持续性颅内压监测具有重要作用,其能够对患者的治疗予以有效指导,提升患者的治疗效果。     

Routine Laboratory Testing Every 4 Versus Every 6 Weeks for Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Quality Improvement Project

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Tremor and Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Essential Tremor Before and After Replacing Their Standard Deep Brain Stimulation With a Directional System

ObjectivesPatients with essential tremor treated with thalamic deep brain stimulation may experience increased tremor with the progression of their disease. Initially, this can be counteracted with increased stimulation. Eventually, this may cause unwanted side-effects as the circumferential stimulation from a standard ring contact spreads into adjacent regions. Directional leads may offer a solution to this clinical problem. We aimed to compare the ability of a standard and a directional system to reduce tremor without side-effects and to improve the quality of life for patients with advanced essential tremor.Materials and MethodsSix advanced essential tremor patients with bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation had their standard system replaced with a directional system. Tremor rating scale scores were prospectively evaluated before and after the replacement surgery. Secondary analyses of quality of life related to tremor, voice, and general health were assessed.ResultsThere was a significantly greater reduction in tremor without side-effects (p = 0.017) when using the directional system. There were improvements in tremor (p = 0.031) and voice (p = 0.037) related quality of life but not in general health for patients using optimized stimulation settings with the directional system compared to the standard system.ConclusionsIn this cohort of advanced essential tremor patients who no longer had ideal tremor reduction with a standard system, replacing their deep brain stimulation with a directional system significantly improved their tremor and quality of life. Up-front implantation of directional deep brain stimulation leads may provide better tremor control in those patients who progress at a later time point.     

刮痧力度及时间间隔对刮痧效果的影响

目的:观察不同力度对刮痧效果的影响,初步探讨刮痧的作用机制以及效应周期,进一步探究刮痧治疗的最佳间隔时间。方法:用自制的特殊刮痧板控制使刮痧频次等参数保持一致,分别以1N、3N和9N的力进行刮痧,通过ELISA方法检测刮痧后IL-1α、IL-6的变化,结合皮肤HE染色法探究不同力度刮痧对机体的影响,选择适合的刮痧力度,通过血常规和流式细胞术检测刮痧后不同时间点的白细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数及T细胞亚群等的变化,初步探讨刮痧的作用机制和效应周期。结果:1N的力度刮痧未引起明显的变化,9N的力度刮痧造成了较严重的皮肤损伤和大量炎性反应因子释放,3N的力度刮痧较为适中,引起了机体适度的应激反应。以3N的力度刮痧后,血液中白细胞总数和淋巴细胞总数及IL-1α、IL-6缓慢升高,在1 h到24 h之间达到峰值,之后缓慢下降,在72 h左右恢复正常水平。结论:3N的力比较适合于刮痧实验,在刮痧之后1 h到24 h,刮痧对免疫系统的增强作用达到峰值,在72 h左右回归正常值,初步提示可以开始下一次刮痧治疗。     

Sleep habits and weight status in Brazilian children aged 4–6 years of age: the PREDI study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of sleep habits with the weight status of children aged 4–6 years.MethodsData were obtained from the PREDI Study, a Brazilian birth cohort study. The current study was carried out in the homes of the participants during two follow-ups: 2016/17 and 2018. The participants were submitted to anthropometric assessment and demographic, socioeconomic and sleep data were obtained. The child's sleep habits were self-reported by the mother or caregiver on the day of the visit and included information on the following sleep habits during the past week: bedtime routine, rhythmicity, and separation affect determined with the Sleep Habits Inventory for Preschool Children and the Sleep Habits Inventory. Logistic regression and gamma-log regression analyses were used to examine the association of sleep habits with excess body weight of children in the two follow-ups according to sex.ResultsOf the 217 and 185 children included in 2016/17 and 2018, respectively, 66 (30.6%) and 48 (25.9%) had a BMI >85th percentile at 4–6 years, respectively. The median rhythmicity score was higher in children with excess body weight (p = 0.05). Adjusted analysis showed that rhythmicity was associated with excess body weight of girls at ages 4–5 years (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09–1.86, p = 0.009) and 6 years (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06–1.65, p = 0.015), even after adjustment for other important covariates. Additionally, the sleep habit “separation affect” was inversely associated with the child's BMI in boys (β = −0.005, 95% CI: −0.010–0.000, p = 0.037).ConclusionsIn the present study, rhythmicity problems were associated with increased odds of girls aged 4–6 years having excess body weight. These results are important from a public health perspective since strategies aimed at preventing excess body weight in children need to consider the child's sleep quality as a potential risk factor, especially rhythmicity.     

柴葛芩连汤联合常规治疗对湿热闭肺型小儿支气管肺炎患者的临床疗效

目的考察柴葛芩连汤联合常规治疗对湿热闭肺型小儿支气管肺炎患者的临床疗效。方法 137例患者随机分为对照组(68例)和观察组(69例),对照组给予常规治疗(吸氧、布洛芬、头孢美唑钠、喜炎平注射液),观察组在对照组基础上加用柴葛芩连汤,疗程10 d。检测临床疗效、恢复情况、血清炎症因子(CRP、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α)、中医证候评分变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),恢复情况(除X线全胸片消失时间外)更明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组炎症因子水平、中医证候评分降低(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。结论柴葛芩连汤可缓解湿热闭肺型小儿支气管肺炎患者症状,其机制可能与下调血清CRP、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平有关。     

补肺逐瘀汤联合常规治疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床疗效

目的探讨补肺逐瘀汤联合常规治疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床疗效。方法144例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组72例,对照组给予常规治疗(沙美特罗替卡松、常规康复训练),观察组在对照组基础上加用补肺逐瘀汤,疗程12周。检测临床疗效、肺功能指标[每分钟最大通气量占预计值百分比(MVV%pred)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)与用力肺活量(FVC)比值(FEV1/FVC)、一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)与肺泡通气量(VA)比值(DLCO/VA)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)]、活动耐力指标[6 min步行距离(6MWD)]、中医证候评分、气道黏液分泌相关指标[咳嗽、咳痰评分及诱导痰中基质金属蛋白酶⁃9(MMP⁃9)、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)]、不良反应发生率变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组肺功能指标升高(P<0.05),中医证候评分、气道黏液分泌相关指标降低(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论补肺逐瘀汤联合常规治疗能有效缓解稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺气虚兼血瘀证相关症状,改善肺功能,增强活动耐力,抑制气道黏液高分泌,安全性较高。