Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗加诱导化疗的临床探讨

目的：通过观察期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗加与不加诱导化疗疾病的进展情况与治疗的毒性反应,从而明确诱导化疗的意义。方法：将92例符合条件的期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为两组。单纯同步放化疗组（对照组）和同步放化疗加诱导化疗组（实验组）,放疗采用三维适形技术,针对肺部原发灶及纵隔内≥1 cm的淋巴结,常规分割每次2 Gy,总剂量给予60～66 Gy,锁骨上有淋巴结转移者采用6MV-X线加电子线常规分割放疗至总量DT：60～66 Gy。化疗全部采用NP方案,对照组化疗2周期,实验组共化疗4周期。结果：92例患者全部完成治疗计划。两组的有效率分别为73.9%,78.2%。1,2,3年总生存率对照组为71.7%,41.3%,28.3%,中位生存期为11个月;实验组为73.9%,45.6%,30.4%,中位生存期为12个月。1,2,3年局部无进展生存率与中位无复发生存期对照组为60.9%,32.6%,17.4%和9个月;实验组为67.3%,36.9%,23.9%和11个月。实验组的毒副作用明显高于对照组。结论：同步放化疗加诱导化疗未能明显提高期非小细胞肺癌的生存率且毒性增加。     

顺铂、氟尿嘧啶为主方案同期放化疗在鼻咽癌治疗中的耐受性研究

目的比较5-氟尿嘧啶（5-fluorouracil,5-Fu）＋醛氢叶酸（1eucovolin,CF）＋顺铂（cisplatin,DDP）组成的PLF或DDP＋5-Fu的PF方案化疗＋同期放疗与单纯放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的耐受性及毒副作用。方法将62例在本院住院的病理证实的初治（Ⅲ期和Ⅳa期）鼻咽癌患者,按不同的治疗方法分成化疗＋同期放疗组（32例）和单纯放疗组（30例）。治疗方法：同期放化疗组：PF3周或PLF双周方案化疗3个疗程,放疗于化疗第1～14天开始。两组放疗条件相同,剂量相似。主要比较两组治疗期间的副作用及耐受性,其次观察两组的近期疗效、无病进展时间。结果同期放化疗组全部按计划完成化疗疗程者37．5％,另外31．25％的患者第2疗程后仅行DDP化疗,有31．25％的患者仅行1个疗程的化疗。放疗过程中因毒副作用而中断放疗4～7天者以放化疗组多见（P〈0．005）。同期放化疗组发生Ⅲ～Ⅳ度的消化道反应、骨髓抑制、皮肤反应、口腔粘膜炎明显增高（P〈0.05）。放疗结束时及放疗结束后3月,两组鼻咽和颈部肿瘤消退情况均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。同期放化疗组与单纯放疗组的无进展生存期分别为25个月和23个月（P〉0．05）。结论顺铂和5-氟尿嘧啶为主联合方案化疗与放疗同期治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌,毒副作用可能有叠加,患者耐受性下降,治疗依从性低,从而影响治疗效果,应谨慎使用。     

放化同步治疗中老年局部晚期非小细胞肺癌时紫杉醇剂量选择的研究

目的探讨放化同步治疗中老年非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）时紫杉醇剂量的选择。方法选择60例NSCLC患者,其中男性36例,女性24例;年龄55~65岁。随机分为A、B、C、D、E 5组,每组12例患者。所有患者先经过3个周期的诱导化学治疗,1个月后进行放化同步治疗。三维适形放射治疗在5~6周内完成,控制总剂量在60 Gy;化学治疗时使用紫杉醇,A组2次/周,每次10mg/m2;B组2次/周,每次15 mg/m2;C组2次/周,每次20 mg/m2;D组3次/周,每次10 mg/m2;E组3次/周,每次15 mg/m2,6周完成治疗。当任何一组患者在治疗期间出现半数以上的患者发生3度以上急性不良反应即停止该组试验。结果 A、B、D 3组出现3度以上不良反应的患者均未超过半数,完成所有治疗,近期总有效率分别为41.67%、75.00%、66.67%;C、E两组因出现3度以上不良反应的患者超过半数而停止试验。结论在诱导化疗后使用放化同步治疗中老年局部晚期NSCLC患者时紫杉醇最佳使用剂量的选择为每周30 mg/m2,可根据患者具体身体状况调整每次给药剂量和给药次数,并于5~6周完成治疗。     

78例脑胶质母细胞瘤术后同步放化疗患者的生存影响因素

目的 探讨脑胶质母细胞瘤术后同步放化疗患者预后的影响因素.方法 选取2015年6月30日至2017年12月13日在安徽省肿瘤医院完成同步放化疗的78例胶质母细胞瘤术后患者,回顾分析其一般临床特征、放疗剂量、辅助替莫唑胺化疗疗程、术中脑胶质母细胞瘤切除情况以及免疫组化相关指标对患者无进展生存期(PFS)及总生存期(OS)...     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗所致急性食管损伤研究

目的 观察三维适形放疗(3DCRT)联合长春瑞滨+顺铂(NP)同步化疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的急性放射性食管炎发生情况,并对相关因素进行分析,以求得到合理的预测性指标.方法 37例Ⅲ期NSCLC患者接受3DCRT及NP方案同步化疗,放疗处方剂量60 Cy,1.8～2.0Cy/次,5次/周,共30～34次,于放疗开始的第1、5周给予同步化疗,观察急性放射性食管炎发生情况并进行相关因素及受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析.结果 全组食管炎总发生率为92%(34例),其中0级3例,1级11例,2级9例,3级14例,无4级发生.单因素分析显示食管接受的平均剂量、LETT_(40)、LETT_(45)、LETT_(50)、LETT_(55)、LETT_(60)、V_(40)、V_(45)、V_(50)、V_(55)、V_(60)均与放射性食管炎具有较好相关性,能预测急性放射性食管炎发生;多因素分析结果提示食管V_55是预测放射性食管炎的最有价值的指标.ROC曲线分析结果示曲线下面积为0.906(P=0.000),曲线界值V_(55)=30%;食管V_(55)>30%组与≤30%组≥2级放射性食管炎发生率分别为100%(15/15)和36%(8/22).结论 对局部晚期NSCLC进行3DCRT结合同步化疗可出现较严重放射性食管炎,食管接受的平均剂量、LETT_(40)、LETT_(45)、LETT_(50)、LETT_(55)、LETT_(60)、V_(40)、V_(45)、V_(50)、V_(55)、V_(60)可较好预测放射性食管炎的发生,V_(55)可能是最有价值的预测性指标,当V_55>30%时2、3级急性放射性食管炎的发生率可能会明显增加.     

动脉灌注化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效

将局部晚期鼻咽癌患者分为动脉灌注化疗联合放疗（IAC）组和静脉诱导化疗联合放疗（IVC）组。治疗后4周, IAC 组与 IVC 组的完全缓解（CR）率分别为94．0％、70．0％,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;治疗后12周,IAC 组与 IVC组的 CR 率分别为98．0％、72．0％,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。两组治疗有效率均为100％,均未发现远处转移病例。两组之间3、4级急性毒副反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。因此动脉灌注诱导化疗联合后期同步放化疗疗效可靠、安全。     

Pre-operative radio-chemotherapy enhances apoptotic cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The effect of pre-operative radio-chemotherapy (RCT) has been examined in a total of 15 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), in terms of apoptosis (cell loss) and proliferation. All the patients received pre-operative radiation at a dosage of 30 or 40 Gy, as well as anticancer agents including tagaful (FT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin (BLM) and peplomycin (PEP). Surgical specimens were obtained before and after RCT, and serial sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry for p53 oncoprotein and Ki-67 antigen, as well as for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). TUNEL indices (TI; percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the tumor cells) before and after RCT were 1.2±1.1 and 4.7±2.9 in the nine well-differentiated oral SCCs, and 1.0±0.7 and 3.9±2.1 in the six poorly differentiated SCCs, respectively. Similarly, Ki-67 indices (KI; percentage of Ki-67 antigen-positive cells in tumor cells) before and after RCT were 31.1±14.2 and 15.8±11.1 in the former, and 37.1±7.8 and 8.7±13.4 in the latter, respectively. Thus, pre-operative RCT enhanced apoptotic cell death and abated proliferative activity significantly (P < 0.05), regardless of histological differentiation. Enhancement of apoptosis was more prominent in the group treated with FT or 5-FU than with BLM or PEP. Oral SCC with > 20% of nuclear p53-positive tumor cells was noted in six cases. Enhanced TI and abadement of KI did not differ among the p53-positive and -negative tumors.     

非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗基础上巩固化疗的临床探讨

目的通过观察在三维适形放疗和同步化疗基础上加上巩固化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒性,探讨巩固化疗的可行性。方法将106例符合条件的Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为2组:单纯同步放疗化疗组(对照组)和放疗化疗巩固组(实验组)。放疗采用三维适形技术,针对肺部原发灶及纵隔内≥1cm淋巴结,常规分割2Gy/次,总剂量给予DT:60～66Gy,锁骨上有淋巴结转移者采用6MV-X线加电子线常规分割放疗至总量DT:60～66Gy。化疗全部采用NP方案,单纯同步放化组化疗2周期,放化巩固组共化疗4周期。其中2周期化疗与放射治疗同步进行,分别在放疗开始的第1周与放疗结束的前1周给予;放化巩固组则在同步放化疗之后再另外给予2周期化疗。结果101例患者完成治疗计划。同步放化组与放化巩固组2组的有效率分别为75%,85%。1、2、3年总生存率同步放化组为72%、42%、28%,中位生存期为14.2月;放化巩固组77%、49%、34%,中位生存期为17.9月。1、2、3年局部无进展生存率与中位无复发生存期同步放化组为60%、34%、19%和10.6个月;放化巩固组为68%、38%、25%和12.3个月。急性毒副作用主要有:骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、急性放射性食管炎、急性放射性气管炎及肺炎,加巩固化疗组的毒副作用明显高于不加巩固化疗组。结论在三维适形放疗和同步化疗基础上加上巩固化疗未能明显提高非小细胞肺癌的生存率。     

食管腔内超声参与的非手术食管癌临床分期与预后的相关性研究

Objective To investigate the clinical staging of non-surgically treated esophageal cancer based on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) and its prognostic value. Methods A total of 290 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received non-surgical treatment in our hospital from November 2003 to March 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical stage of each patient was evaluated based on EUS and CT according to the 2002 UICC TNM staging system. The survival rates and prognostic factors for patients of different stages were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis;the multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model. Results EUS could be completely performed in 178(61.4%) of all patients, and their EUS T and N stages were determined. There were no significant differences in overall survival (OS) between patients with EUS T₁-T₄ diseases (P=0.247);there were significant differences in OS and progression-free survival (PFS) between individuals of different EUS T stages among patients with EUS N₀ disease (P=0.000;P=0.006). OS and PFS also showed significant differences between patients with N₀ and N₁ diseases (P=0.012;P=0.016). EUS could not be completely performed in 112 patients, who had poorer OS and PFS than other patients (P=0.001;P=0.003). CT T and N stages also affected OS and PFS (OS P=0.004, PFS P=0.030;OS P=0.024, PFS P=0.020). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year sample sizes were 290, 174, and 73, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates for all patients were 61.7%, 27.8%, and 19.8%, respectively. OS and PFS varied significantly between patients of different 2002 UICC clinical stages (P=0.000 and 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that sex, age and clinical stage were independent prognostic factors (P=0.004, 0.020, and 0.002).Conclusions The clinical staging based on EUS and CT can predict the survival in esophageal cancer
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1004-4221.2014.02.010
基金项目:首都特色临床应用研究(Z121107001012004)
作者单位:100021 北京协和医学院,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院放疗科
通信作者:肖泽芬,Email:xiaozefen@sina.compatients treated with non-surgical method. EUS is recommended as a basic means for pretreatment staging of esophageal cancer in China.
     

Cetuximab in preoperative treatment of rectal cancer – term outcome of the XERT trial

Background

Preoperative capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is feasible for the treatment of resectable locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). To try to improve efficacy, we conducted a phase II study in which the epidermal growth factor receptor-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab was added to capecitabine-based CRT. The results for long-term survival and for an analysis investigating the relationship between survival and patient and disease characteristics, including tumour KRAS mutation status, and surgery type, are presented.

Patients and methods.

Patients with resectable LARC received capecitabine (1250 mg/m² twice daily, orally) for 2 weeks followed by cetuximab alone (400 mg/m² for 1 week) and then with CRT (250 mg/m²/week) comprising capecitabine (825 mg/m² twice daily) and radiotherapy to the small pelvis (45 Gy in 25 1.8-Gy fractions), five days a week for five weeks. Surgery was conducted six weeks following CRT, with post-operative chemotherapy with capecitabine (1250 mg/m² twice daily for 14 days every 21 days) three weeks later.

Results

Forty-seven patients were enrolled and 37 underwent treatment. Twenty-eight of the patients (75.7%) had T3N+ disease. Thirty-six patients were evaluable for efficacy. The median follow-up time was 39.0 months (range 5.0--87.0). The three-year local control, disease-free survival, relapse-free survival and overall survival rates were 96.9% (95% CI 90.0--100), 72.2% (57.5--86.9), 74.3% (95% CI 59.8--88.8) and 68.1% (95% CI 36.7--99.4), respectively. There was no significant association between survival and gender, age, tumour location in the rectum, type of surgery, pathological T or N status, tumour regression grade or tumour KRAS mutation status, although sample sizes were small.

Conclusions

Preoperative cetuximab plus capecitabine-based CRT was feasible in patients with resectable LARC and was associated with an impressive three-year local control rate. The use of tumour KRAS mutation status as a biomarker for the efficacy of cetuximab-based regimens in this setting requires further investigation.