基于网络药理学的黄芪抗心力衰竭作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学研究黄芪抗心力衰竭的作用机制。方法 采用活性成分筛选与靶点预测技术,结合生物信息学手段,预测黄芪抗心力衰竭的潜在作用靶点,并进行信号通路分析,从而探讨其治疗心力衰竭的分子机制。结果 在TCMSP数据中搜索筛选得到20个相应黄芪化学成分,同时利用靶点预测技术共筛选出相关靶点121个。同时在疾病基因数据库检索得到10 962个与心力衰竭发生、发展有关的已知靶点基因,利用string数据库和Cytoscape软件中的网络拓扑分析共筛选获取关键靶点8个。GO富集分析显示,黄芪可通过参与细胞能量代谢、血管内环境变化、神经活性配受体作用、激素活性等10个生物功能的PI3K/AKT、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)和MAPK/NF-κB等10条关键信号通路发挥抗心力衰竭的作用。结论 中药黄芪抗心力衰竭的作用具有多成分、多靶点、协同作用的特点。     

Spectrum-Toxicity Correlation Study Revealed the Influence of the Nine-Time Steaming and Sun Drying Method on Hepatotoxic Components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix

Objective: Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PM) is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years. We wondered whether the classical processing method, namely, nine-time steaming and sun drying (NSSD), had toxicity-attenuating effects on PM and the relationships between toxicity and times of processing, as well as with the alteration trends of its compounds. Materials and Methods: The chemical fingerprints of different PM extracts were developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The spectrum-toxicity correlation between the chemical fingerprints and hepatocellular toxicity was analyzed with multiple correlation analysis. Results: The results suggested that the hepatotoxicity of NSSD processing products markedly decreased with the repeated steaming and sun drying, which was obviously superior to the product processed by the modern method. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the contents of cis-stilbene glycoside and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside related to liver injury susceptibility were reduced with the times of NSSD processing, which was consistent with the decreased trend of hepatocellular toxicity. After the five times of NSSD, the contents of them as well as the hepatotoxicity of PM were steady. Moreover, we found that the contents of catechin and physcion declined rapidly after the one time of NSSD and then remained stable until the nine times of NSSD. Based on the fact, they could be utilized to indicate whether PM products were processed by steaming and sun drying. Conclusions: This paper confirmed that the NSSD had a good influence on the toxicity attenuating to PM and found four compounds which could apply for the quality control of PM.     

Evaluation of X-Ray Projection Angulation for Successful Radix Entomolaris Diagnosis in Mandibular First Molars In Vitro

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic features of permanent three-rooted mandibular first molars with radix entomolaris (RE), investigate the correlation between anatomical classification and radiographic type of RE, and to determine the most effective horizontal beam angulation for the diagnosis of RE.

Methods

Twenty-five extracted mandibular first permanent molars with RE were selected for taking radiographs in 7 horizontal angulations. By using set criteria, 3 evaluators assessed morphologic and radiographic features of the RE and optimum beam angulation for RE diagnosis. Intraexaminer variability was analyzed with Cohen kappa test.

Results

Three types of curvature of RE presented with 3 distinct types of typical radiographic appearance on orthoradial radiographs. We classified the radiographic features of RE into 3 types, as follows: type i, type ii, and type iii. Seven teeth showed type i radiographic features. Zero-degree, 5-degree, 15-degree, and 25-degree radiographs were significantly better than the mesially angulated -15-degree and -25-degree images for detecting the type i RE images (P < .05). Fifteen-degree, 25-degree, and -25-degree horizontal beam angulations showed significantly more accurate diagnoses of RE in 8 type ii images (P < .05). Only 25-degree-angled radiographs were found to have a high diagnostic yield of type iii RE images (P < .05). A significant correlation was found between morphologic and radiographic types of RE (P < .05, contingency coefficient = 0.473). Intraexaminer variability was low, with kappa = 0.68 (P < .05).

Conclusions

RE presents 3 types of typical radiographic features on orthoradial radiographs. Additional 25-degree mesial horizontal-angled radiographs are essential for preoperative identification and evaluation of RE, especially types ii and iii.     

中药双黄补对人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性和超微结构的影响

目的：探讨中药双黄补对人牙周膜细胞向成骨方向转化的作用。方法：采用组织块法体外培养人牙周膜细胞，取第5代培养细胞随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组加不同浓度的双黄补，对照组只加含10mL／LFBS的DMEM培养液。通过PNPP法测定牙周膜细胞裂解液中的碱性磷酸酶活性，透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的变化。结果：不同浓度的中药双黄补对人牙周膜细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性均有提高作用，其中以100μg／mL效果最佳。透射电镜下可见牙周膜细胞内质网池普遍扩张，细胞内基质膜泡和髓鞘样结构明显增加，细胞间广泛分布胶原纤维。结论：中药双黄补有诱导人牙周膜细胞向成骨样细胞转化的作用，可使细胞合成胶原的功能增强。     

白芍总苷对犬急性心肌缺血的保护作用

目的：研究白芍总苷（TGP）对犬急性心肌缺血的保护作用。方法：取杂种犬30只,随机分为5组（每组6只）,分别为模型对照组、阳性对照药物（复方丹参注射液）组及TGP 2.0、4.0和 8.0 mg·kg^-1剂量组;采用结扎麻醉开胸 犬左冠状动脉前降支（LAD）制备急性心肌梗塞模型,观察TGP对心外膜电图（EECG）、心肌梗塞面积(MIS)和血清心肌酶的影响。结果：TGP各剂量组与模型对照组比较,心肌缺血程度(Σ-ST) 减轻（P<0.05, P<0.01）,心肌缺血范围(N-ST)缩小（P<0.05）,MIS缩小（P<0.05, P<0.01）,血清中磷酸肌酸激酶（CPK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的活性降低（P<0.05, P<0.01）,游离脂肪酸（FFA）和过氧化脂质（LPO）含量降低（P<0.05, P<0.01）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性提高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：TGP对实验性缺血心肌具有保护作用。     

ICP-MS法测定不同产地红参中9种无机元素

目的 考察不同产地红参中铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、硒（Se）、铅（Pb）、砷（As）、汞（Hg）和镉（Cd）9种无机元素的含量差异。方法 采用微波消解技术及电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定28批不同产地红参中9种无机元素含量,并采用SPSS 22.0软件进行聚类分析。结果 不同产地红参Fe、Mn、Zn含量均较高,Se含量极低,有害元素Pb、As、Hg、Cd、Cu含量均符合《中国药典》限量标准。28批样品聚类为两类。结论 不同产地红参均富含Fe、Mn、Zn,其重金属及有害元素污染程度小,安全性相对较好。不同产地红参Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、As元素含量差异性均较小,Mn、Pb、Hg、Cd元素差异性较大。     

The Radix Entomolaris and Paramolaris: A Micro–Computed Tomographic Study of 3-rooted Mandibular First Molars

Introduction

The morphology of the supernumerary third root (radix) in mandibular first molars was examined by micro–computed tomography (μCT) scanning.

Methods

Nineteen permanent mandibular first molars with radix were scanned in a μCT device to evaluate their morphology with respect to root length, root curvature direction, location of radix, apical foramen, accessory canals and apical deltas, and distance between canal orifices as well as 2- and 3-dimensional parameters of the canals (number, area, roundness, major/minor diameter, volume, surface area, and structure model index). Quantitative data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (α = 0.05).

Results

The mean length of the mesial, distal, and radix roots was 20.36 ± 1.73 mm, 20.0 ± 1.83 mm, and 18.09 ± 1.68 mm, respectively. The radix was located distolingually (n = 16), mesiolingually (n = 1), and distobuccally (n = 2). In a proximal view, most radix roots had a severe curvature with buccal orientation and a buccally displaced apical foramen. The spatial configuration of the canal orifices on the pulp chamber floor was mostly in a trapezoidal shape. The radix root canal orifice was usually covered by a dentinal projection. The radix differed significantly from the mesial and distal roots for all evaluated 3-dimensional parameters (P < .05). The radix canal had a more circular shape in the apical third, and the mean size of the minor diameter 1 mm short of the foramen was 0.25 ± 0.10 mm.

Conclusions

The radix root is an important and challenging anatomic variation of mandibular first molars, which usually has a severe curvature with a predominantly distolingual location, and a narrow root canal with difficult access.     

中药对细胞外信号调节激酶信号转导通路的调节

目的归纳总结中药复方及单味中药有效成分对细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)信号转导通路的调节作用。方法通过查阅近5年的相关文献,探究细胞外信号调节激酶信号转导通路的中药调节作用。结果细胞外信号调节激酶通路参与细胞生长、增殖、凋亡、分化、迁移以及细胞恶性转化等多种生理、病理过程,许多炎症、增生性、免疫性疾病与ERK信号通路的异常调控密切相关。结论单味中药及其提取物和中药复方不仅可以通过激活或抑制ERK信号通路而改善细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等,从而改变细胞命运,而且还可以通过上调或下调信号通路中关键信号分子的磷酸化过程,从而调控靶基因的转录、表达及相应的生物学效应。     

天葵子各提取部位体外抗氧化活性及成分研究

目的: 研究天葵子各提取部位体外抗氧化活性以及主要成分。 方法: 将天葵子醇提物依次用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,分别得到乙酸乙酯层(TK-Y) 正丁醇层(TK-Z) 和水层(TK-S),其中水层通过醇沉法得到水层多糖(TK-D),并以维生素C(VC) 为对照,通过Fenton法和邻苯三酚法测定天葵子各部位和水层中的多糖对羟基自由基(·OH) 和超氧自由基(O₂^- ·) 的清除能力,研究天葵子的抗氧化活性,并以此为导向分离主要活性成分。 结果: 天葵子抗氧化活性顺序为TK-D> TK-S> TK-Z> TK-Y,其中TK-D对超氧自由基的清除率与浓度呈正相关(Y=54.94X+27.15, R²=0.998 3),IC₅₀为0.42 g ·L^-1;从正丁醇中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为紫草氰苷(1),东方唐松草苷(2),格列风内酯(3),β-谷甾醇(4),胡萝卜苷(5)。 结论: 首次证实了天葵子提取物中水层和正丁醇层是其抗氧化活性部位,其中水层中的抗氧化活性物质为多糖,化合物紫草氰苷,东方唐松草苷,格列风内酯是天葵子的主要化学成分。