慢性阻塞型肺疾病伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者实施无创通气最佳时机的探讨

目的探讨无创通气(NIPPV)用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的最佳时机。方法120例COPD患者随机分为NIPPV组和常规治疗组(对照组),在治疗前及治疗2 h、第3天观察两组血气、临床症状、肺功能和预后的变化。根据病情将患者分为轻、中、重三组,评价NIPPV的效果,选择应用NIPPV的最佳时机。结果NIPPV组在治疗2h后迅速改善了患者的心率、呼吸频率、呼吸困难评分、辅助呼吸肌动用评分和血气(P<0.05)。实施NIPPV后,患者的住院时间由20.6±28.9 d缩短至12.4±9.9 d,插管率由26.7%降至11.7%,病死率由13.3%降至3.3%(P<0.05)。轻、中度患者实施NIPPV的成功率较高,而重度患者的疗效不佳。结论COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者应尽早使用NIPPV,应用NIPPV的最佳时机为50 mmHg相似文献   

无创通气在夜间哮喘并OSAHS中的临床作用

目的:探讨无创通气在夜间哮喘并阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)中的临床作用.方法:按时间顺序收集10例已确诊为夜间哮喘患者,收集患者的肺功能及睡眠监测数据并随访6个月.结果:合并OSAHS的哮喘患者,呼吸机治疗后哮喘及OSAHS症状均明显改善,P<0.05,有统计学差异.结论:合并OSAHS的哮喘患者,呼吸机治疗效果显著,哮喘症状得以控制,生活质量也明显改善.     

无创呼吸机质量控制检测平台研究

目的:研制无创呼吸机质量控制检测平台,评价无创呼吸机质量性能。方法:开发出模拟患者正常呼吸、呼吸浅慢、打鼾、呼吸暂停等事件的实际气流和压力波形实验平台,产生触发条件,同时设计流量、压力、频率等参数的检测平台。结果:不仅能检测CPAP,BIPAP,Auto-CPAP,Auto-BIPAP的流量、压力、频率等参数,还能定量检测Auto-CPAP,Auto-BIPAP被"患者事件"触发后调节流量、压力、频率的核心功能。结论:此平台适合所有类型的无创呼吸机质量控制检测,具有良好的社会和经济效益。     

Ventilatory response to CO2 re-breathing before and after nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation

Long-term nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has beneficial effects on daytime PaCO2 in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation. Our aim was to investigate if these beneficial effects are related to improved respiratory drive as measured by ventilatory response to CO2. In 17 hypoventilated patients (mean age 62 years) we obtained daytime arterial blood gases, nocturnal transcutaneous oxygen saturation, nocturnal transcutaneous PaCO2 ventilatory response to CO2 re-breathing, spirometry and indices of respiratory muscle strength before and after 9 months of NIPPV. Patients served as their own controls. After 9 months of NIPPV day-time PaCO2 decreased from 7.1 kPa to 6.3 kPa, (P<0.001) and PaO2 increased from 8.1 kPa to 9.3 kPa, (P<0.01). The changes in morning and daytime PaCO2 and in nocturnal transcutaneous oxygen saturation were significantly correlated to the changes in several variables derived from the ventilatory response to CO2 re-breathing. In patients with substantial improvement in daytime PaCO2 we found significant improvements in ventilatory response to CO2 re-breathing. The present study confirms the beneficial effect of long-term NIPPV on daytime arterial blood gases. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the improvement of daytime PaCO2 is related to improved respiratory drive observed after NIPPV.     

BAL联合NIPPV治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭临床观察

目的:探讨支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)联合无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并II型呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法:选取我中心2011年1月至2013年1月间出诊送到同一家医院且收治的COPD合并II型呼吸衰竭的患者86例,随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组在常规治疗的基础上应用BAL联合NIPPV治疗,对照组单独采用NIPPV治疗,对比两组患者血气指标、心率、平均动脉压、APACHE II评分变化及不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者治疗后Pa CO2均较治疗前显著下降,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后Pa CO2下降较对照组更加迅速,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组患者在治疗后24h、48h Pa O2均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组患者气管插管率显著低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者心率、平均动脉压治疗24h后比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:BAL联合NIPPV治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭能有效的降低患者Pa CO2,提高Pa O2,可迅速缓解患者呼吸衰竭症状,是治疗COPD合并II型呼吸衰竭的有效治疗方案。     

无创呼吸机质量状况调查及质量控制检测平台初步研究

目的:无创呼吸机广泛应用于临床和家庭,需准确评价无创呼吸机的质量性能。方法:利用VT plus HF气流分析仪检测无创呼吸机流量、压力、频率等参数。结果:检测12部无创呼吸机,合格率仅为66.7%。结论:需开发出不仅能检测CPAP,BIPAP,Auto-CPAP,Auto-BIPAP的流量、压力、频率等参数,还能定量检测Auto-CPAP,Auto-BIPAP被患者事件触发后调节流量、压力、频率等核心功能的智能质量控制检测仪。     

Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge

OBJECTIVES: To follow-up on the changes in lung function and lung radiographic pictures of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients discharged from Xiaotangshan Hospital in Beijing (by regularly receiving examination), and to analyze retrospectively the treatment strategy in these patients. METHODS: Surviving SARS patients were seen at least twice within 3 months after discharge and underwent SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) IgG antibody testing, pulmonary function testing, and chest radiography and/or high-resolution CT (HRCT) examinations at Chinese PLA General Hospital. The treatments received at Xiaotangshan Hospital were analyzed retrospectively and were correlated to later status. RESULTS: Positive SARS-Co virus IgG antibody results were seen in 208 of 258 patients, with 21.3% (55 of 258 patients) still having a pulmonary diffusion abnormality (D(LCO) < 80% of predicted). By comparing the 155 survivors with positive SARS-CoV IgG antibody results and D(LCO) > or = 80% predicted with the 50 patients with negative SARS-CoV IgG results, we found that 53 patients with positive SARS-CoV IgG results and a lung diffusion abnormality had endured a much longer course of fever and received larger doses of glucocorticoid, as well as higher ratios of oxygen inhalation and noninvasive ventilation treatment. For these patients, 51 of 53 patients with positive SARS-CoV IgG results and a lung diffusion abnormality underwent pulmonary function testing after approximately 1 month. D(LCO) improved in 80.4% of patients (41 of 51 patients). Of the patients with a lung diffusion abnormality, 40 of 51 patients showed lung fibrotic changes in the lung image examination and 22 patients (55%) showed improvement in lung fibrotic changes 1 month later. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that lung fibrotic changes caused by SARS disease occurred mostly in severely sick patients and may be self-rehabilitated. D(LCO) scores might be more sensitive than HRCT when evaluating lung fibrotic changes.     

有创与无创序贯性机械通气治疗重度有机磷农药中毒伴呼吸衰竭

目的:探讨序惯性机械通气在治疗重度有机磷农药中毒所致呼吸衰竭中的作用.方法:回顾性分析急诊ICU序贯性机械通气治疗重度有机磷农药中毒所致呼吸衰竭病例,共32例.结果:32例例序贯性脱机成功28例,占87.5%(28/32)4例发生IMS改行ETMV,死亡2例,占6.3%(2/32.结论:重度有机磷农药中毒所致呼吸衰竭实行序贯性机械通气有助于实现尽快撤机,提高抢救成功率.警惕IMS所致突发性急性呼吸衰竭.     

PAV模式与无创正压通气模式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床作用比较

目的探讨成比例辅助机械通气（PAV）与无创正压通气（NIPPV）模式对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的临床作用。方法在常规药物治疗的基础上,应用PAV或NIPPV通气模式治疗COPD患者各40例,观察并比较不同通气模式下患者动脉血气分析指标（pH值、PaO2、PaCO2）及呼吸力学变化,包括潮气量（VT）、每分通气量（MV）、气道峰压（PIP）和吸气／呼吸周期时间比（Ti／Ttot）,并计算平均吸气流速（VT／Ti）。结果与NIPPV通气相比,PAV通气时COPD患者的PIP、VT和VT／Ti明显降低（P〈0．05）,MV和Ti／Ttotal明显增加（P〈0．05）。PAV组连续3d夜间通气时间大于3h者为65％（26／40）,而NIPPV组仅为20％（8／40）,显示PAV组夜间连续通气时间显著延长（P〈0．05）。结论与NIPPV通气模式相比,PAV通气模式能明显改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者气道峰压,吸气／呼吸周期时间比明显增加,通气依存性好。