The potential of DBP gels containing intervertebral disc cells for annulus fibrosus supplementation:in vivo

Demineralized bone particle (DBP), which is widely used as a biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering, contains various bioactive molecules, such as cytokines. For this reason, in this study we investigated the effects of injectable DBP gels on cell proliferation, inflammation and maintenance of the shape of DBP gels as a scaffold able to substitute for intervertebral discs (IVDs) in vivo. DBP gels were fabricated with different percentages (5% and 10%) of DBP powder and 3% acetic acid, including 0.02% pepsin. DBP gels with 1 × 10⁶ annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous region of BALB/C‐nu mice for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The effect of DBP gels on the inflammatory response was analysed by measuring the amount of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) released. Also, histological methods were carried out to analyse the response of DBP gels in vivo. This study demonstrated that injectable DBP gels are able to provide physical scaffolds for growing IVD cells in vivo. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带钩软体Cu140宫内节育器的研制和试用

带钩软体Ｃｕ１４０ＩＵＤ的设计构思为：１．带钩的ＩＵＤ可固定在宫底肌层内；２ＩＵＤ体部柔软，能适应不同大小形态的宫腔和收缩时变形；３．铜套面积１４０ｍｍ２在环的体部分布合理，铜面积减少可获得同样满意的避孕效果。放置３９４例经一年随访按生命表法统计一年净累计带器妊娠率１．０３％，因症取出率１．０４％，脱落率３．３６％，副反应小。脱落与ＩＵＤ的质量和放置技术有关。未掌握放置技术时脱落率达１０．６９％，正确放置到位者脱落率低。提高ＩＵＤ质量和放置技术，钩铜１４０将成为一种理想的新颖ＩＵＤ。     

HCMV感染介导的椎间盘组织退变模型的病理学观察

目的 探讨HCMV感染Balb/c小鼠对椎间盘退变及病理学改变的模型研究,活体Balb/c小鼠模型导入组织学、基因表达、免疫学的研究,确定人巨细胞病毒注射到腹腔对椎间盘退变的影响及不同剂量的对照性研究。方法 （1）随机选取6-8周SPF级Balb/c小鼠84只,建立五个不同感染量HCMVAD169株感染Balb/c小鼠模型雌雄各6只为感染组（A组）,同时设立病毒灭活组（B组）和细胞对照组（C组）雌雄各6只;（2）间接ELISA法检测小鼠血清中的IgG、IgM抗体水平,取各组小鼠椎间盘组织进行病毒分离,采用PCR和RT-PCR分别检测HCMVUL83基因和UL54基因转录产物;（3）取各组小鼠椎间盘组织行病理学观察。结果 A组和B组小鼠IgG抗体均为阳性,C组为阴性,小鼠IgM抗体仅A组中2×106PFU/ml和2×105PFU/ml感染组雌性小鼠为阳性;上述两感染组小鼠病毒分离、PCR及RT-PCR均为阳性,病理学可见椎间盘组织髓核细胞数目减少,排列不均匀,纤维环结构紊乱;雄性小鼠、其余A组、B组和C组均无明显变化。结论 HCMV注射后似乎能逐渐诱导椎间盘退变,出现病理学改变;该模型对椎间盘退变的分子水平研究有显著的优势;进一步研究将会阐述HCMV介导椎间盘退变相关的分子学等机制和过程。     

GHTF建议的体外诊断医疗器械分类和评价的原则

体外诊断（IVD）医疗器械正在迅速发展,品种日益增多。文中简要介绍了GHIF（全球协医调作组）建议的关于IVD医疗器械的分类和符合性评价原则。     

注重IVD产品综合性能，提升国产体外诊断试剂的市场竞争力

IVD产品有具大的市场需求,随着质量管理不断深入,临床实验室对检测系统的要求逐渐成熟,试剂产品的性能,如精密度、可报告范围／测量范围、检测极限参数、校准要求与溯源性、参考区间,等直接反映了IVD产品的质量,国内IVD生产者应注重产品的综合性能,才能有效提升产品的市场竞争力。     

Physiological effects of physical therapy interventions on lumbar intervertebral discs: A systematic review

Background context: The use of physical therapy has been recommended in the treatment of low back pain based on primarily mechanical and neurophysiological effects. Recent studies have measured the physiological effects of physical therapy interventions, including manual therapy and traction, on the intervertebral discs (IVD), and these findings may have implications for the long-term management or even prevention of low back pain. Purpose: The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the literature regarding possible physiological effects of physical therapy interventions on the intervertebral disc (IVD). Study design: Systematic Review. Methods: A literature search of published articles through December 2014 resulted in the retrieval of 8 clinical studies assessing the influence of physical therapy interventions on the physiology of the IVD. Results: Three studies, including two using animal models, investigated the effects of 30-minute intermittent traction on disc height. One in vivo animal study and two studies using human subjects assessed changes of disc height associated with static traction. Three studies investigated the effects of lumbar spine manipulation and mobilization on changes in water diffusion within the IVD. All studies confirmed, either directly or indirectly, that their respective intervention influenced disc physiology primarily through water flow. Conclusion: Physical therapy interventions may have an effect on the physiology of the IVD, primarily through water diffusion and molecular transport, which are important for the health of the IVD.     

The prevalence of MRI-defined spinal pathoanatomies and their association with Modic changes in individuals seeking care for low back pain

Modic changes are of increasing interest, however their age and gender prevalence are not well described. To date, the associations between Modic changes and other common vertebral pathologies have only been described in small samples (n < 100). Our aim was, in a large dataset of people with low back pain, to (1) describe the prevalence of a range of spinal pathoanatomies, and (2) examine the association between Modic changes and stages of intervertebral disc (IVD) pathology. Common pathologies were coded from the lumbar spine MRIs from 4,233 consecutive people imaged while attending a publicly-funded secondary care outpatient facility in Denmark. Prevalence data were calculated by pathology and by vertebral level. Prevalence was also calculated by age and gender categories for Modic changes. The association between stages of IVD pathology (degeneration, bulge, herniation) and Modic changes at L4/5 and L5/S1 was expressed using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of Modic changes and IVD pathology were greater in L4/5 and L5/S1, compared with the upper lumbar spine. There was no significant gender difference in prevalence of Modic changes (p = 0.11). The prevalence of IVD disc pathology occurring concurrently with Modic changes ranged from 11.5 to 17.5% (Type 1), 8.5 to 12.7% (Type 2) and 17.1 to 25.6% (Type 1 and/or 2) while the prevalence occurring in the absence of Modic changes ranged from 0.5 to 6.3% (Type 1), 0.3 to 4.9 (Type 2), 0.8 to 9.7% (Type 1 and/or 2). The associated PR for IVD pathology occurring concurrently with Modic changes ranged from 1.8 to 29.2 (p < 0.05). The highest PR (29.2) was between degeneration and Modic changes, indicating that it is rare for Modic changes to occur without disc degeneration. Spinal pathoanatomy was common in this population, particularly IVD pathologies, and a consistent trend of a relatively greater prevalence in the lower lumbar spine was identified. Modic changes were more likely to be present among individuals with IVD pathology than without, which may implicate mechanical factors as being one aetiological pathway for Modic changes, although other hypotheses may equally explain this association.     

Animal models of spinal injury for studying back pain and SCI

IntroductionBack pain is a common ailment affecting individuals around the globe. Animal models to understand the back pain mechanism, treatment modalities, and spinal cord injury are widely researched topics worldwide. Despite the presence of several animal models on disc degeneration and Spinal Cord Injury, there is a lack of a comprehensive review.Material and methodA methodological narrative literature review was carried out for the study. A total of 1273 publications were found, out of which 763 were related to spine surgery in animals. The literature with full-text availability was selected for the review. Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines was used to assess the studies. Only English language publications were included which were listed on PubMed. A total of 113 studies were shortlisted (1976–2019) after internal validation scoring.ResultThe animal models for spine surgery ranged from rodents to primates. These are used to study the mechanisms of back pain as well as spinal cord injuries. The models could either be created surgically or through various means like use of electric cautery, chemicals or trauma. Genetic spine models have also been documented in which the injuries are created by genetic alterations and knock outs. Though the dorsal approach is the most common, the literature also mentions the anterior and lateral approach for spine surgery animal experiments.ConclusionThere are no single perfect animal models to represent and study human models. The selection is based on the application and the methodology. Careful selection is needed to give optimum and appropriate results.     

BZW2和IVD在肝癌组织中的表达及其对肝癌肝移植受者预后的影响

目的 探讨碱性亮氨酸拉链和W2结构域2(BZW2)及异戊酰辅酶A脱氢酶(IVD)在肝细胞癌(肝癌)中的表达及其对肝移植受者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析87例肝癌肝移植受者的病理标本及临床资料,分析肝癌肝移植受者术后肿瘤复发转移情况.采用免疫组织化学染色检测BZW2和IVD的表达情况,分析BZW2和IVD与肝癌临床病理参...