“龙虎交战”针法针刺八脉交会穴对偏头痛患者头痛天数及血清CGRP表达的影响＊

目的 观察“龙虎交战”针法针刺八脉交会穴对无先兆偏头痛（Migraine without aura，MO）患者头痛天数及外周血降钙素基因相关肽（Calcitonin gene related peptide，CGRP）表达水平的影响。方法 按照头痛程度将90例MO受试者区层随机分为治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组和对照组各30例。治疗Ⅰ组施以“龙虎交战”针法针刺八脉交会穴（外关和足临泣），治疗Ⅱ组施以平补平泻针法针刺八脉交会穴（外关和足临泣），对照组施以平补平泻针法针刺非经非穴点，每次留针30分钟，5次/周，共治疗20次。于治疗前、治疗结束4周后的随访分别记录三组患者头痛天数的变化情况以判定疗效，并采集患者治疗前、治疗结束4周后随访的肘部静脉血用ELISA法检测血清中的CGRP含量的变化。结果 ①各组治疗前患者的头痛天数无显著差异（Ｐ > 0.05），治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组和对照组治疗结束4周后随访的头痛天数较治疗前均显著降低（Ｐ < 0.05）；治疗Ⅰ组头痛天数的降低显著优于治疗Ⅱ组和对照组（Ｐ < 0.001），治疗Ⅱ组头痛天数的降低显著优于对照组（Ｐ < 0.05）；②3组治疗前CGRP的表达无显著差异，治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组治疗结束4周后随访CGRP的表达较治疗前均显著下降（Ｐ < 0.001），对照组治疗结束4周后随访CGRP的表达较治疗前差异无显著性（Ｐ > 0.05）；治疗Ⅰ组CGRP治疗结束4周随访的表达较治疗Ⅱ组和对照组均显著下降（Ｐ < 0.01），治疗Ⅱ组CGRP的表达较对照组显著下降（P < 0.01）。结论 ①八脉交会穴施以“龙虎交战”针法针刺能明显改善MO患者的头痛天数，同时降低MO患者血清CGRP的表达水平，这可能是针刺八脉交会穴治疗MO的机制之一；②非经非穴点的针刺效应无持续性，而八脉交会穴的针刺效应具有持续性；③八脉交会穴可以充分发挥复式针刺手法的治疗效应，提示我们在临床上治疗疾病时不仅要注意腧穴配伍，恰当的针刺手法更是提高临床疗效、事半功倍的关键。     

改良八珍糕治疗小儿厌食症43例

目的:观察改良八珍糕治疗小儿厌食症的临床疗效。方法:将86例小儿厌食症患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各43例。观察组患儿给予改良八珍糕,对照组患儿给予现有八珍糕。比较两组患儿的临床疗效及便秘改善情况。结果:观察组有效率为95.3%,对照组有效率为86.0%,两组患儿临床疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组开始出现便秘时间为4.6 d,对照组为9.1 d;观察组便秘率为18.6%,对照组为51.2%,两组患儿便秘情况比较,差异均有统计意义(P0.01)。结论:改良八珍糕治疗小儿厌食症疗效明显,且可显著减少便秘的不良反应。     

明代温补学派痈疽诊疗思路探微

[目的]探讨明代温补学派痈疽诊疗思路与特色。[方法]从中医文献整理、研究的角度,对明代温补学派代表医家汪机、薛己、孙一奎的著作《外科理例》《外科枢要》《赤水玄珠》中以温补治疗痈疽的论述、医案、具体药方、针刺手法进行系统分析,归纳和总结其痈疽论治思路和特色。[结果]三位医家以温补论治,可使痈疽消之,不至寒凉太过耗损人体正气;扶正固本以助恢复,不致病情反复。汪机在内外兼治的基础上,强调经络辨证结合刺灸外治;薛己善辨痈疽脉象,以清补兼施为用药特色;孙一奎把握病程发展及病情转归,注重温补脾肾,用香药行气血以治痈疽。[结论]明代温补学派从温补角度论治痈疽,不对痈疽单纯以“火毒”论治,不使寒凉之剂攻伐太过,以补益脾胃、扶正固本为祛邪外出之法。而今日医家多治以寒凉,故进一步挖掘温补学派治法,于临床启发良多。     

固本通络电针法联合八脉交会穴针刺治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效及对SOD、MDA、hs-CRP水平影响

目的:探讨固本通络电针法联合八脉交会穴针刺治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效及对SOD、MDA和hs-CRP水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变患者60例,采用简单随机化原则分为两组,各30例。对照组给予八脉交会穴针刺治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予固本通络电针法治疗,对比治疗后的临床疗效、VAS评分、TCSS评分、神经传导速度及SOD、MDA和hs-CRP水平。结果:经过治疗后,治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者VAS评分和TCSS评分较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组降低较多(P<0.05);两组患者MCV和SSCV较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组升高较多(P<0.05);两组患者MDA、hs-CRP水平较治疗前显著降低,SOD水平显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组改善程度较大(P<0.05)。结论:采用固本通络电针法联合八脉交会穴针刺治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变具有较好的治疗效果,能改善SOD、MDA和hs-CRP水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Biomechanical investigation of two long bone growth modulation techniques by finite element simulations

Implants used to correct pathological varus–valgus deformities (VVD) and leg length discrepancies (LLD) may not be optimized for the specific treatment, as suggested by their off‐label use. Detailed analysis of this issue has been limited by the poorly understood mechanical behavior of the growing physis and ignorance of the loads acting on the implants. The aim of this study was to predict and compare the loading conditions of a growth modulation implant in VVD and LLD treatments. Idealized finite element (FE) models of the juvenile distal femur treated with the Eight‐Plate implant were developed for VVD and LLD. Bone growth was simulated using thermal strains. The axial force in the plate was compared between the two treatments. Case‐specific plate forces were predicted by virtually reproducing the screw deformation visible on radiographs of LLD (N = 4) and VVD (N = 4) clinical cases. The simple FE models reproduced the clinical implant deformations well. The resulting forces ranged from 129 to 580 N for the VVD patients. For LLD, this range was from 295 to 1002 N per plate, that is, 590–2004 N for the entire physis. The higher forces in LLD could be explained by restricted screw divergence in the double‐sided implant application. For the first time, the loading conditions of a growth modulation implant were investigated and compared between two treatments by FE analyses, and the range of case‐specific loads was predicted. These simulation tools may be utilized for guiding appropriate usage and for efficient development of implants. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1398–1405, 2018.

     

八段锦对2型糖尿病焦虑状态的影响

目的:观察八段锦对2型糖尿病患者焦虑状态的影响.方法:将141例2型糖尿病伴焦虑状态患者随机分为对照组70例和试验组71例.两组患者均给予常规糖尿病药物治疗,试验组另给予八段锦干预治疗.结果:试验组干预后焦虑自评量表评分、症状自评量表总分、生存质量特异性量袁评分和空腹血糖值均优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:八段锦对改善2型糖尿病患者焦虑状态有较好疗效.     

医学伦理学四大基本原则认知情况干预研究

目的：旨在调查临床护理人员对医学伦理学四大基本原则的认知情况,探讨宣传干预的最佳方法。方法：采用简单随机抽样的方法纳入974例临床护理人员,随机分为3组,每组护理人员分别于干预前和干预后进行医学伦理学四大原则认知情况调查问卷。结果：干预后各组认知水平均有显著提高,其中讲座组提高程度最大（P<0.001）,达到高等认知水平,视频组其次,宣传册组最差。干预后讲座组得分最高（P<0.001）,其中不伤害原则和有利原则达到高认知水平,而视频组和宣传册组四大基本原则均仍保持中等认知水平。结论：护理人员对于医学伦理学四大原则的认知情况总体上属于中等水平。第一种干预效果最佳,其次是观看视频,最差为发放宣传册。     

The challenges of diagnosis and continuing patient assessment

The adoption of operational diagnostic principles, embodied in the current ICD and DSM methodologies, which are firmly based on the objective assessment of symptoms, has improved the reliability of schizophrenic diagnosis to levels roughly comparable with those of many other medical conditions of unknown aetiology. However, the differences between schizophrenia and the major affective disorders in terms of aetiology, pathology, course and outcome, and treatment response now appear less obvious than perhaps previously considered, bringing the validity of the current dichotomous classification of 'non-organic' psychoses into question. While this is an important area of current debate, it is imperative that present theorizing should not pull psychiatry back into the chaos of conflicting diagnostic ideologies which characterized thinking and practice for much of the 20th century. Despite some differences, the major diagnostic systems, ICD and DSM, have in their principles little to chose between them and can share credit in bringing about advantages that have been hard won. These systems should be used routinely in establishing a diagnosis of schizophrenia in everyday clinical practice. As stated in the Principles of Practice, establishing diagnosis is a key function of the clinician, but it is only one step in the complex process of patient evaluation, and one whose prominence may decline with increasing time and certainty. While the emphasis may vary over time, effective and comprehensive care should incorporate regular multidimensional, 'needs-based' and risk assessments covering a wide range of parameters, ensuring that the effects of variation in the individual patient over time can be understood and put into context in treatment planning. This may be best achieved in the context of a positive, stable and lasting relationship between the psychiatrist and patient. Establishing such a trusting and therapeutic relationship responsive to changing needs that will extend over years, represents both one of the greatest challenges and one of the most rewarding aspects of clinical medicine.