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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an important health care concern. Alterations in the microbiota of the gut-brain axis may be linked to the pathophysiology of IBS. Some dietary intake could contribute to produce various metabolites including D-amino acids by the fermentation by the gut microbiota. D-amino acids are the enantiomeric counterparts of L-amino acids, in general, which could play key roles in cellular physiological processes against various oxidative stresses. Therefore, the presence of D-amino acids has been shown to be linked to the protection of several organs in the body. In particular, the gut microbiota could play significant roles in the stability of emotion via the action of D-amino acids. Here, we would like to shed light on the roles of D-amino acids, which could be used for the treatment of IBS.  相似文献   
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背景缓解期溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者病程长,需长期维持治疗,中医药治疗缓解期UC具有一定的疗效。健脾清热化湿方治疗缓解期UC的疗效还不确切。目的采用单病例随机对照试验,评价健脾清热化湿方联合美沙拉秦对比美沙拉秦治疗脾虚湿热型缓解期UC患者的疗效和安全性。方法于2020年6月至2021年3月,在广州中医药大学第一附属医院门诊纳入1例缓解期UC患者。采取自身对照的方式,共进行4轮次无洗脱期的随机对照试验,每一轮次包括试验期和对照期两个治疗期,每个治疗期干预1个月,共8个治疗期。受试者在试验期服用健脾清热化湿方颗粒与美沙拉秦,在对照期服用美沙拉秦。比较两个治疗期的中医证候评分(TCMSS)、Bristol粪便性状量表(BSFS)、腹痛和腹泻视觉模拟评分(VAS)、炎症性肠病简明健康量表(SHS)评分及安全性。结果4轮次试验后,试验期腹泻、腹胀、肢体倦怠评分及TCMSS总分的改善程度优于对照期(P<0.05)。4轮次试验后,试验期BSFS评分和腹泻VAS评分的改善程度优于对照期,腹痛VAS评分的改善程度劣于对照期(P<0.05)。4轮次试验后,试验期SHS评分的改善程度优于对照期(P<0.05)。患者在4个周期均无不良反应发生。结论健脾清热化湿方联合美沙拉秦可改善脾虚湿热型缓解期UC患者的临床症状,且安全性较高。  相似文献   
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背景溃疡性结肠炎被世界卫生组织列为现代难治疾病之一。目前西医对其治疗尚存在诸多不足之处,研究显示粪菌移植(FMT)对其有一定的疗效,但机制尚不明确。目的采用FMT治疗小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,验证FMT的疗效和可能的作用机制。方法2019年12月至2020年4月,采用随机数字表法将60只小鼠分为正常对照组(Control组)、溃疡性结肠炎模型组(Model组)、溃疡性结肠炎模型+粪菌移植治疗组(Model+FMT组)和溃疡性结肠炎模型+5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)治疗组(Model+5-ASA组),各15只。Control组不作任何干预处理;Model组制备小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型;Model+FMT组于造模成功后,给予制备的粪菌液0.2 ml/次灌肠;Model+5-ASA组于造模成功后,给予0.019 5 g/ml 5-ASA灌肠。通过透射电镜观察肠组织超微结构变化,流式细胞检测血液辅助性T细胞(Th)-17、Th-1、Th-2、Treg细胞含量变化,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白介素(IL)-2、IL-17、IL-4、IL-10、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)水平变化。结果肠组织透射电镜超微结构显示Model组造模成功;Model+FMT组与Model+5-ASA组微绒毛较为致密,形态正常,杯状细胞数目较多,线粒体轻微肿胀,粗面内质网病变不明显。Model+FMT组Th17细胞含量高于Control组、低于Model组,Model+5-ASA组Th17细胞含量低于Control组、Model组、Model+FMT组;Model+FMT组、Model+5-ASA组Th1细胞含量均分别低于Control组、Model组;Model+FMT组Th2细胞含量低于Control组、高于Model组,Model+5-ASA组Th2细胞含量低于Control组、高于Model组和Model+FMT组;Model+FMT组、Model+5-ASA组Treg细胞含量均分别低于Control组、高于Model组(P<0.05)。Model+5-ASA组IFN-γ细胞含量低于Model组;Model+FMT组、Model+5-ASA组IL-2细胞含量低于Model组;Model+FMT组、Model+5-ASA组IL-17细胞含量均分别低于Control组和Model组,Model+5-ASA组IL-17细胞含量低于Model+FMT组;Model+FMT组IL-4细胞含量低于Control组、高于Model组,Model+5-ASA组IL-4细胞含量高于Model组;Model+FMT组IL-10细胞含量高于Control组和Model组,Model+5-ASA组IL-10细胞含量高于Model组;Model+FMT组、Model+5-ASA组TGF-β细胞含量均分别低于Control组、高于Model组(P<0.05)。结论FMT可改善小鼠溃疡性结肠炎症状,推测其可能是通过调节Th1/Th2细胞平衡、Th17/Treg细胞比例达到治疗的目的。  相似文献   
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IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a standard of care in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including colitis. Growing evidence suggests proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Given the pathophysiological overlap between IBD and ICI colitis, we sought to evaluate the relationship between PPI use and ICI colitis in mRCC patients.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of adult patients who received ICI therapy for mRCC between 2015 and 2018 at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center affiliated hospitals. Clinical characteristics, oncological outcomes, ICI colitis details, and PPI use details were collected by manual chart review. The diagnosis of ICI colitis was made via biopsy when available, or by clinical criteria (symptoms and response to immunosuppressive therapy) when biopsy specimens were unavailable or inconclusive. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the potential contribution of PPIs to ICI colitis.ResultsA total of 176 patients received ICI therapy for mRCC, of which 16 (9.1%) were diagnosed with ICI colitis. Patients with ICI colitis presented with elevated stool lactoferritin and calprotectin and a wide range of endoscopic and histologic findings. There were no significant differences between patients with and without ICI colitis in age, gender, medical comorbidities, RCC history, and overall survival. However, exposure to ipilimumab and PPI use were more frequently observed in patients with ICI colitis than those without. In univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, exposure to ipilimumab and chronic use of PPIs > 8 weeks were significantly associated with ICI colitis.ConclusionIn addition to ipilimumab use, chronic use of PPIs may be associated with ICI colitis in patients with mRCC.  相似文献   
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BackgroundAlthough colitis has been reported in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), associations between colitis and ICIs had not been thoroughly assessed in real-world studies. Here, we identified and characterized significant colitis-associated with ICIs.MethodsBased on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 2004 to December 2019, the disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms were adopted to data mining of the suspected adverse events of colitis after ICIs administrating. Clinical characteristics of patients with ICIs-associated colitis and the time to onset of colitis following different ICI regimens were collected.ResultsA total of 3786 reports of colitis adverse events were identified with ICIs. Seven ICI monotherapies were associated with the reporting of colitis. Statistically significant ROR, PRR, information component (IC), and empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM) emerged for all ICI monotherapies and combination therapies. ICIs-associated colitis affected mostly male (53.51%), with a wide mean age range (60.65 to 72 years). Colitis adverse events were commonly reported in patients with melanoma and lung cancer. Adverse outcomes of colitis concerning ICI were mainly outcomes of hospitalization-initiated or prolonged and other serious. Among colitis cases, 17.43% cases of colitis concerning ICI lead to death. The adverse event of colitis occurred earliest in ipilimumab monotherapy with a median time to onset of 64.21 days (IQR: 27–69 days) among all monotherapies.ConclusionsICI may lead to severe and disabling ICIs-associated colitis during therapy. Analysis of FAERS data identified signals for adverse events of colitis with ICI regimens. Practitioners should consider the factors that may increase the likelihood of colitis. The findings support a continued surveillance and risk factor identification studies.  相似文献   
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Gastrointestinal complications are common after renal transplantation, and they have a wide clinical spectrum, varying from diarrhoea to post-transplant inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Chronic immunosuppression may increase the risk of post-transplant infection and medication-related injury and may also be responsible for IBD in kidney transplant re-cipients despite immunosuppression. Differentiating the various forms of post-transplant colitis is challenging, since most have similar clinical and histological features. Drug-related colitis are the most frequently encountered colitis after kidney transplantation, particularly those related to the chronic use of mycophenolate mofetil, while de novo IBDs are quite rare. This review will explore colitis after kidney transplantation, with a particular focus on different clinical and histological features, attempting to clearly identify the right treatment, thereby improving the final outcome of patients.  相似文献   
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