在就诊患者和健康体检者中筛检人胃螺杆菌

目的：通过几种不同的检查方法调查人胃螺杆菌在人群中的感染情况及在慢性胃炎中的致病作用。方法：３８０例行消化道症状的就诊患者和４３２名健康体检者的胃粘膜活检标本分别行涂片、尿素酶试验、１４Ｃ－尿素呼吸试验和组织学检查。结果：人胃螺杆菌在上述两类人群中的感染率分别为２．１１％和１．１６％。涂片Ｇｒａｍ染色和切片ＷＳ银染是目前诊断该菌感染较理想的手段，不论有无症状，患者在组织学上均伴有慢性炎症改变，根据形态学特点该菌可大致分为两型，分别与某些动物胃内的螺旋菌相似。结论：人胃螺杆菌在人群中感染率较低，可能是一种源自动物的慢性胃炎相关性病原菌。     

Pregnancy-related low back pain in women in Turkey: Prevalence and risk factors

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of pregnancy-related low back pain (PRLBP) in women in Turkey, identify the factors associated with PRLBP and predict the risk of PRLBP.

中国成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征

目的描述中国双生子登记系统(CNTR)成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征, 初步探索遗传和环境因素对高脂血症的影响。方法研究对象来自CNTR在全国11个项目地区募集的双生子, 纳入成年且具有高脂血症信息的69 130名(34 565对)双生子进行分析。采用随机效应模型描述高脂血症的人群、地区分布特征。分别计算不同卵型双生子的高脂血症同病率, 估算遗传度。结果研究对象年龄为(34.2±12.4)岁。双生子人群高脂血症患病率为1.3%(895/69 130)。男性、年长、城镇、已婚、大专及以上文化程度、超重、肥胖、体力活动不足、当前吸烟和曾经吸烟、当前饮酒和曾经饮酒人群中高脂血症患病率较高。双生子对内分析发现, 同卵双生子高脂血症同病率为29.1%(118/405), 高于异卵双生子的18.1%(57/315), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同年龄、地区及性别分层中, 同卵双生子同病率仍呈现高于异卵双生子的趋势。进一步同性别双生子对内分析发现, 在北方组和女性组中, 高脂血症遗传度分别为13.04%(95%CI:2.61%～23.47%)、18.59%(95%CI:4.43%～3...     

太原市幼儿园儿童乳牙龋综合预防模式研究

目的探讨适合太原市学龄前儿童的乳牙龋综合预防模式,并分析其有效性、可行性和可推广性,为太原市学龄前儿童的乳牙龋齿预防提供可靠的依据。方法实验组儿童接受综合口腔保健措施,对照组儿童不接受口腔预防措施。2年后观察口腔卫生指标和龋病发生指标的变化,并进行分析。结果接受综合口腔保健措施的实验组儿童口腔卫生知识的持有率明显提高,口腔卫生习惯、态度和行为的正确率也提高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组口腔卫生水平优于对照组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组儿童龋齿发生率、龋均和龋面均都明显低于对照组,龋齿充填率达到98.1%,远高于对照组儿童,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论应该在太原市幼儿园集体开展综合口腔保健措施。该措施对于儿童正确口腔卫生习惯的培养、口腔健康行为的建立、龋高危儿童的预防与控制、以及龋齿的预防与治疗都有良好的效果。     

Children with genetic conditions in the United States: Prevalence estimates from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children’s Health

PurposeEstimating the overall prevalence of genetic conditions among children in the United States and the burden of these conditions on children and their families has been challenging. The redesigned National Survey of Children’s Health provides an opportunity to examine the prevalence and burden.MethodsWe used the combined 2016-2017 National Survey of Children’s Health to estimate the prevalence of genetic conditions among children aged 0 to 17 years (N = 71,522). Bivariate analyses were used to assess differences in sociodemographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, and health care utilization between children with and without genetic conditions.ResultsIn 2016-2017, the prevalence of children aged 0 to 17 years with a reported genetic condition was approximately 0.039, roughly equating to 2.8 million children. A greater percentage of children with genetic conditions had a physical (50.9% vs 24.8%), mental (27.9% vs 5.8%), or behavioral/developmental/intellectual condition (55.6% vs 14.4%) than children without a genetic condition. Furthermore, they used more care and had more unmet health needs (7.6% vs 2.9%).ConclusionThis study provides an estimate of the overall prevalence of children living with genetic conditions in the United States based on a nationally representative sample. It also highlights the physical, mental, and behavioral health needs among children with genetic conditions and their unmet health care needs.     

Prevalence of Deafness‐Associated Connexin‐26 (GJB2) and Connexin‐30 (GJB6) Pathogenic Alleles in a Large Patient Cohort from Eastern Sicily

Mutations in the gene encoding the gap junction protein connexin 26 (GJB2) and connexin 30 (GJB6) have been shown to be a major contributor to prelingual, sensorineural, nonsyndromic deafness. The aim of this study was to characterize and establish the prevalence of GJB2 and GJB6 gene alterations in 196 patients affected by sensorineural, nonsyndromic hearing loss, from Eastern Sicily. We performed sequence analysis of GJB2 and identified sequence variants in 68 out of 196 patients (34.7%); (28 homozygous for c.35delG, 22 compound heterozygous and 11 with only one variant allele). We found 12 different allelic variants, the most prevalent being c.35delG, which was found on 89 chromosomes (65.5%), followed by other alleles with different frequencies (p.E47X, c.‐23+1G>A, p.L90P, p.R184W, p.M34T, c.167delT, p.R127H, p.M163V, p.V153I, p.W24X, and p.T8M). Importantly, for the first time we present the frequency and spectrum of GJB2 mutations in NSHL patients from Eastern Sicily. No alterations were found in the GJB6 gene, confirming that alterations in this gene are uncommon in our geographic area. Note that 65.3% and 23.5% of our patients, respectively were found to be negative or carriers by GJB2 molecular screening. This emphasizes the need to broaden the genetic analysis to other genes involved in hearing loss.     

云南弥渡县带绦虫感染状况调查

2010年10～12月采用自然沉淀法查粪便中带绦虫卵,结合询检、问卷调查和槟榔南瓜子驱虫治疗法,对大理州弥渡县格者村进行带绦虫流行状况及虫种调查。结果显示,人群带绦虫感染率为15.7%(65/414),其中40～岁组和50～岁组的阳性率分别高达24.7%(21/85)和26.3%(15/57)。对26例粪检阳性者和47例有排节片史者进行驱虫治疗,前者全部有虫体驱出,后者23例有虫体驱出;驱虫最多的1例共排出11条,另有1例排出2条,其余均为1条。共收集到15条有头节和成熟孕节的虫体,经形态学鉴定为亚洲带绦虫。该地区居民的亚洲带绦虫感染率较高可能与村民的饮食习惯(喜食生猪肉和生猪肝)、生活习惯(野外大小便)和环境污染(粪便未经无害化处理外排)有关。     

西安市青少年脊柱侧凸患病率调查及其防治

目的:调查西安市儿童脊柱侧凸的患病率,为脊柱侧凸的防治及建立陕西省脊柱侧凸监控中心提供依据。方法:分别于2002年4～5月、2003年4～5月对西安市城乡25725名7～15岁的中、小学生进行脊柱侧凸普查,采用“三检筛选”普查方法,即体检、波纹照像(Moiretomography)和X线摄片,统计患病率情况并对脊柱侧凸患者进行相应的处理。结果:体检阳性者1389例,男性702例,女性687例;波纹照像阳性者607例,男性295例,女性312例;X线摄片Cobb角≥10°者343例,患病率为1.33%(343/25725)。对10例Cobb角>40°者进行了手术治疗。结论:通过普查,可以早发现、早诊断青少年脊柱侧凸,以便及时防治。     

A correlative study between prevalence of chondromalacia patellae and sports injury in 4 068 students

Objective : To study the prevalence of chondromalacia patella among college students and the correlation with sports injury. Methods: 354 students from gymnastic department and 429 from nongymnastic department with knee joint pain were selected. 184 students from gymnastic department and 342 from nongymnastic department were checked randomly by a surgeon. 77 patients (37 males, 40 females) from gymnastic department and 119 patients (62 males, 57 females ) from nongymnastic department were diagnosed as chondromalacia patellae. The amount of exercise and the occurrence of sports injury were investigated in each student. All data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 statistical software. Results: The prevalence of chondromalacia patella was 20.1% in female students and 11.6% in male students from gymnastic department, and 5.61% in female students and 4.92% in male students from nongynmastic department. The amount of exercise and the occurrence of sports injury to the knee joint in students from gynmastic department were greater than those from nongymnastic department. Conclusions: In both female and male students, the prevalence of chondromalacia patella is higher in gymnastic department than nongymnastic department. Sports injury is an important cause of chondromalacia patella.     

2008至2009年本溪市中心城区2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变患病率及相关因素调查

目的 了解本溪市中心城区2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变患病率及相关因素.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法对2007年12月至2009年5月本溪市中心城区2276例2型糖尿病患者[男1166例,女1110例,年龄31～90岁,平均(61±11)岁]进行分析,行散瞳眼底镜检查或眼底荧光素血管造影,采集临床资料,根据不同危险因素及是否伴有其他并发症分组,比较各组糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率.应用卡方检验进行率的比较,应用多元Logistic回归进行危险因素分析.结果 糖尿病视网膜病变患病率为31.81%.随着患者年龄的增长,糖尿病视网膜病变患病率增高(x~2=25.037,P＜0.05),65岁以上患者糖尿病视网膜病变患病率达37.37%.随着病程的延长,糖尿病视网膜病变患病率增高(x~2=109.873,P＜0.05),病程超过20年的患者糖尿病视网膜病变患病率高达53.81%.吸烟、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病家族史、高尿酸血症、糖化血红蛋白≥8%、合并冠心病和周围神经病变者糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率较高.饮茶者糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率低于不饮茶者(x~2=9.977,P＜0.05),饮茶者视网膜病变程度低于不饮茶者(x~2=7.267,P＜0.05).结论 高龄、病程延长、吸烟、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病家族史、高尿酸血症、糖化血红蛋白≥8%、合并冠心病和周尉神经病变均为糖尿病患者视网膜病变的危险因素,而饮茶可延缓糖尿病患者视网膜病变的发生、发展.