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1.
目的 了解超重或肥胖与执行功能的研究现状与发展趋势,把握当前该领域研究热点。方法 以Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的、发表于2010年-2021年的1 321篇以“超重或肥胖与执行功能”为主题的文献为分析对象,采用CiteSpace与VOSviewer绘制知识图谱,通过发文量、研究国家和地区、研究机构以及关键词的共现、聚类和突现进行可视化分析。结果 ①发文量增长趋势方面,2010年-2021年,超重或肥胖与执行功能研究的发文状况分为三个阶段,2010年-2014年、2017年-2021年这两个阶段发文量快速增长,2014年-2017年发文量增长较平缓;②参与研究的国家和地区方面,共有64个国家和地区参与该领域的研究,其中美国的发文量最多,与其他国家和地区的合作交流最频繁、影响力最大,居该研究领域核心地位;③研究机构方面,共有1 627所机构参与该领域的研究,其中伊利诺伊大学(Illinois University)发文量最多且与多所高产机构合作紧密,形成了具有一定规模的研究团体;④关键词分析方面,研究内容主要涉及饮食行为研究、预防与干预研究、风险因素评估以及不同群体特征分析。结论 超重或肥胖与执行功能研究整体呈快速发展态势,国际关注度高且研究范围广泛。  相似文献   
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ObjectivesInitial studies of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed that obesity, diabetes and hypertension were associated with severe outcomes. Subsequently, some authors showed that the risk could vary according to age, gender, co-morbidities and medical history. In a nationwide retrospective cohort, we studied the association between these co-morbidities and patients' requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or their death.MethodsAll French adult inpatients with COVID-19 admitted during the first epidemic wave (February to September 2020) were included. When patients were diagnosed with obesity, diabetes or hypertension for the first time in 2020, these conditions were considered as incident co-morbidities, otherwise they were considered prevalent. We compared outcomes of IMV and in-hospital death according to obesity, diabetes and hypertension, taking age, gender and Charlson's co-morbidity index score (CCIS) into account.ResultsA total of 134 209 adult inpatients with COVID-19 were included, half of them had hypertension (n = 66 613, 49.6%), one in four were diabetic (n = 32 209, 24.0%), and one in four were obese (n = 32 070, 23.9%). Among this cohort, IMV was required for 13 596 inpatients, and 19 969 patients died. IMV and death were more frequent in male patients (adjusted oods ratio (aOR) 2.0, 95% CI 1.9–2.1 and aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4–1.5, respectively), IMV in patients with co-morbidities (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 2.0–2.2 for CCIS = 2 and aOR 3.0, 95% CI 2.8–3.1 for CCIS ≥5), and death in patients aged 80 or above (aOR 17.0, 95% CI 15.5–18.6). Adjusted on age, gender and CCIS, death was more frequent among inpatients with obesity (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2) and diabetes (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2). IMV was more frequently necessary for inpatients with obesity (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.8–2.0), diabetes (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.4) and hypertension (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6–1.8). Comparatively, IMV was more often required for patients with the following incident co-morbidities: obesity (aOR 3.5, 95% CI 3.3–3.7), diabetes (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.8–2.1) and hypertension (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 2.4–2.6).ConclusionsAmong 134 209 inpatients with COVID-19, mortality was more frequent among patients with obesity and diabetes. IMV was more frequently necessary for inpatients with obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Patients for whom these were incident co-morbidities were particularly at risk. Specific medical monitoring and vaccination should be priorities for patients with these co-morbidities.  相似文献   
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目的观察吸气肌训练(IMT)对病态肥胖患者减肥术后肺功能、呼吸肌力量及耐力的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将36例拟行减肥手术的病态肥胖患者分为观察组及对照组, 每组18例。观察组及对照组患者均于术后第2~30天期间进行IMT训练, 吸气阻力值分别设定为最大吸气压(MIP)的40%和5%水平, 每天训练20 min。于手术前及术后第2, 7, 14, 30天时分别检测对比2组患者肺功能[包括用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)及最大呼气流速(PEF)等]、呼吸肌力量[包括最大吸气压(MIP)和最大呼气压(MEP)]及耐力情况。结果观察组各项肺功能指标[FVC:(91.6±11.2)% vs (105.5±10.8)%, P>0.05;FEV1:(92.1±15.6)% vs (104.7±11.3)%, P>0.05;PEF:(91.1±10.5)% vs (103.5±14.3)%, P>0.05]在术后第7天时均恢复至手术前水平, 对照组各项肺功能指标[FVC:(95.8±11.2)% vs (104.5±10.5)%, P>0.05;FEV1:...  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨中国成年人盐摄入量与肥胖的关系。方法 2017年,采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法在江苏省和山东省的4个项目点,抽取18~75岁的常住人口,收集24 h尿并进行问卷调查和体格测量。使用多元线性回归和logistic回归的方法分析盐摄入量与肥胖的关联。结果 共纳入研究对象1 205名,年龄为(49.5±12.6)岁,其中男性564人(46.8%),超重率、肥胖率为42.52%、19.33%,糖尿病、高血压患病率分别为12.94%、45.46%,人均每日盐摄入量为9.32 g/d,其中有84.73%的人日均盐摄入量大于5 g。Logistic回归校正相关混杂因素后,与盐摄入量最低组相比,最高组患肥胖、按腰围(waist circumference,WC)计算的中心性肥胖、按腰围身高比(waist-to-height ratio,WHtR)计算的中心性肥胖的OR(95%CI)值分别为2.64(1.51~4.59)、2.03(1.34~3.09)和1.85(1.20~2.84)。结论 盐摄入量与肥胖呈正相关,高盐饮食可能增加肥胖的发病风险。  相似文献   
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Protein-energy wasting (PEW) and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are independently associated with morbi-mortality in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PEW may reduce HRQoL; however, we hypothesized HRQoL is affected differentially by PEW degrees or by individual criteria of nutritional status.AimTo evaluate HRQoL according to PEW severity and nutritional status indicators in CAPD.This is a cross-sectional study in 151 patients. Subjective global assessment (SGA) was employed, and nutritional status classified as normal, mild-moderate PEW, and severe PEW. HRQoL was evaluated using Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form?, including physical (PCS), mental (MCS) and kidney disease (KDCS) components, and their subscales. Dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical variables were measured.Forty-six percent of patients were well-nourished, 44% had mild-moderate PEW, and 10% severe PEW. Compared with well-nourished patients, those with mild-moderate (p = 0.06) and severe (p = 0.005) PEW had lower HRQoL score [68 (52–75), 55 (45–72), 46 (43–58), respectively]. PCS, MCS, and KDCS and their subscales had lower values as PEW was more severe. Patients with obesity and hypoalbuminemia had significantly lower HRQoL overall and component scores than their counterparts. Dietary intake was not associated with quality of life. In multivariate analysis obesity, PEW (by SGA), hypoalbuminemia, and low educational level predicted poor HRQoL (χ2 58.2, p < 0.0001).As conclusion, PEW severity was related with worse HRQoL, either as overall score or in every component or subscale in CAPD patients. Poor HRQoL was predicted independently by PEW severity and obesity; additional predictors were hypoalbuminemia and low education.  相似文献   
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BackgroundChildren with disabilities present with high obesity rates.ObjectiveThis study explored the parental experience of adopting healthy lifestyle choices, for children with disabilities, who received dietetic weight management advice.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with eight parents/carers in their own homes or healthcare setting in an inner London locality, or by telephone. Data was analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach.ResultsFive superordinate themes emerged: 1. Strategies to promote healthy lifestyles: encouraging physical activity, limiting access to food and taking a gradual approach to making lifestyle changes. 2. Challenges to adopting healthy lifestyles: selective eating patterns, the high cost of healthy foods and parental/carer lack of time. 3. The role of healthcare professionals (HCPs): revealed that not all parents/carers received advice or support, prior to dietetic referral, when managing their child's weight. Feeling reassured by HCPs was valued. Parents/carers reported a positive experience of seeing the dietitian, as they appreciated receiving practical and individualized advice. 4. Support needs: family support and support from families with children with disabilities was explored. 5. Parent/carer wellbeing: such as stress was found to have a detrimental impact on parents making healthy lifestyle changes.ConclusionsAdopting a healthy lifestyle involved a variety of strategies and challenges, some of which are specific to this population group and should be considered by HCPs, when having weight-related discussions and offering advice. Parental/carer support needs and wellbeing should also be taken into consideration when planning weight management services for this population group.  相似文献   
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《Immunobiology》2022,227(6):152281
Obesity causes epigenetic alterations mediated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that increase susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory pathways. Obese individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are particularly affected, with worse clinical outcomes and treatment responses. In order to identify micro RNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) that may influence RA development, progression, treatment efficacy, and clinical outcomes in obese individuals, we systematically screened PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for articles on these topics, published in the last decade. We ended up with 38 of initially 1110 documents and found that both obesity and RA share dysregulated expression of miR-21, miR-143, miR-146a, miR-155 miRNAs, H19, and HOTAIR lncRNAs (all but H19, up-regulated). With one exception (H19 and BMI in brown fat tissue), they correlated positively with clinical measures and disease activity. H19 and HOTAIR regulate 24 miRNAs, some differentially expressed in the investigated diseases. Both regulate miR-143-3p. We also investigated eleven GWAS-identified SNVs found in exonic lncRNA regions (there were none in exonic miRNA genes). Eight were associated with RA and three with obesity-related traits, seven change binding sites for miRNAs, especially on LINC01184 and GATA3-AS1, four were associated with gene expression in adipocytes (including LINC01184) and two may also change the secondary structure of ENSG00000284825 and LINC02656. These ncRNAs compose a unique regulatory network in obese RA patients, compiled for the first time in this review, which we suggest as future therapeutic targets in these simultaneous conditions.  相似文献   
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