Percutaneous hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal charcoal hemoperfusion for high-dose intraarterial chemotherapy in patients with colorectal hepatic metastases

The results of treating 12 consecutive patients with unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases with a hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose Adriamycin, 100–120 mg/m², using hepatic venous isolation (HVI) and charcoal hemoperfusion (CHP) are reported herein. Adriamycin was administered over 5–15 min under extracorporeal drug elimination by HVI-CHP. HVI was percutaneously accomplished by either the double-balloon technique using a Fogarty occlusion catheter (8/22F) or a balloon-tipped catheter (16F). During the infusion, isolated hepatic venous blood was filtered by CHP and pumped into the left axillary vein. There were no lethal complications, and good hemodynamic tolerance to HVI-CHP was confirmed. Tumor liquefaction accompanied by a sharp decrease in serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels by more than 50% of pretreatment levels was observed in 6 of the 12 patients 1 month after treatment. Apart from chemical hepatitis, which developed in 11 (92%) of the patients, the Adriamycin toxicities were well controlled following the development of nausea and vomiting in 2 patients (17%), leukopenia <2,000/mm³ in 3 (25%), and gastric ulcer in 1 (8%). These results indicate that this method is a safe and useful procedure for otherwise hazardous high-dose intraarterial chemotherapy in patients with unresectable hepatic tumors.     

Quinine overdose: review of toxicity and treatment

Quinine sulfate is a commonly prescribed remedy for idiopathic nocturnal leg cramps and is now available "over the counter." A 24-year-old man ingested 8 g (a commonly dispensed quantity) of quinine sulfate in a suicide attempt. Despite hemoperfusion begun 10 h after ingestion, the patient died. This report reviews the toxic manifestations of quinine and the currently available modes of treatment.     

血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒临床观察

目的观察血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒的疗效。方法血液灌流治疗组（治疗组）22例在常规治疗的基础上，采用血液灌流治疗并观察疗效。非血液灌流治疗组（对照组）16例。结果治疗组22例中死亡14例，病死率为63．6％，对照组病死率87．5％，两组相比P〈0．05。结论血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒可提高治愈率，降低病死率，是临床上抢救百草枯中毒较有效的方法。     

体外灌流慢性重型肝炎患者血浆对C3A细胞的细胞色素P4503A活性和表达的影响

目的：通过比较未经灌流处理的重肝血浆及处理过的重肝血浆对CYP3A的影响，阐明C3A细胞安定代谢变化的原因，为未来C3A细胞的改造与功能优化奠定基础。方法：制备血浆和培养C3A细胞；实验分为4组：正常胎牛血浆（NFBP）组，正常人血浆（NHP）组，体外灌流慢性重型肝炎患者血浆（HPP）组，体外未灌流慢性重型肝炎患者血浆（CSHP）组。用分光光度法测定红霉素N-脱甲基酶（ERD）活性即CYP4503A的活性，Western blot法测定CYP4503A4的表达。结果：CSHP组ERD活性低于NFBP组（P〈0．05）及NHP组（P〈0．05），HPP组ERD活性也低于NFBP组（P〈0．05）及NHP组（P〈0．05），HPP组ERD活性高于CSHP组（P〈0．05）；CSHP组CYP4503A4的表达低于NFBP组（P〈0．05）及NHP组（P〈0．05），HPP组CYP4503A4的表达也低于NFBP组（P〈0．05）及NHP组（P〈0．05），HPP组CYP4503A4的表达高于CSHP组（P〈0．05）。结论：经慢性重型肝炎患者血浆培养的C3A细胞，CYP4503A活性及蛋白表达降低。与之相比，经过体外灌流的慢性重型肝炎患者血浆其C3A细胞CYP4503A活性及蛋白表达有所增加，CYP4503A活性增加可能是导致安定代谢变化的原因。     

冠状静脉逆灌注对犬缺血心肌的保护作用

【目的】探索一种简便的冠状静脉逆灌注方法,了解其有效性和安全性。【方法】健康成年犬13条,随机分为逆灌注组（n=7）和对照组（n=6）。开胸结扎左冠状动脉前降支（LADA）,逆灌注导管经右颈外静脉送入冠状静脉窦并进一步插至心大静脉（GCV）远端,动脉血由左颈总动脉引出,以自身动脉血压为动力进行持续逆灌注。逆灌注组于LADA结扎后5min开始持续逆灌注,共6h;对照组同样进行插管但不灌注。观察血流动力学、心电图、血清生化及形态学改变。【结果】逆灌注组血流动力学较稳定（P＜0.05～0.01）。LADA结扎后两组缺血中心区心外膜心电图ST段均明显抬高,30min后逐渐回降,逆灌注组回降速度较快（P＜0.01）。与逆灌注组相比,对照组血清肌酸激酶-MB（CK-MB）明显升高,一氧化氮（NO）水平明显下降（P＜0.05～0.01）。对照组和逆灌注组缺血心肌发生梗死的面积分别占（76.2±4.7）%和（38.8±7.3）%（P＜0.01）。光镜下,逆灌注组前室间静脉（LADV）及其小属支内膜结构完整,无明显损伤;两组均未见到出血性梗死。【结论】采用简便的冠状静脉逆灌注方法可明显减轻心肌的缺血性损伤,减小心肌梗死面积,稳定血流动力学,且对冠状静脉系统及心肌组织无明显损伤。     

血液灌流治疗重度毒鼠强中毒24例

目的　探讨血液灌流 (HP)治疗重度毒鼠强中毒的疗效。方法　将 1999年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月重度毒鼠强中毒 4 8例患儿分HP组和常规组。常规组采用洗胃、导泻、止痉、降颅内压、二巯基丙磺酸钠综合治疗 ;HP组在综合治疗基础上加用HP治疗。结果　HP组抢救成功例数高于常规组 (χ2 =8.17　P <0 .0 1)。HP组较常规组更能明显缩短患儿抽搐时间 (t =11.0 0　P <0 .0 1)、昏迷时间 (t =9.32　P <0 .0 1)、住院时间 (t =3.6 7　P <0 .0 1) ,且在中毒 6h内行HP治疗者 ,存活率明显增加。结论　HP是抢救重度毒鼠强中毒的有效方法     

Sustained Low-Efficiency Daily Diafiltration with Hemoperfusion as a Therapy for Severe Star Fruit Intoxication: A Report of Two Cases

Abstract

Over the past decade, star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) intoxication decreased in the Taiwanese society due to improved public education on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various complications including hiccups, altered levels of consciousness, coma, and seizures have been reported in individuals with renal failure who ingested fresh star fruit or star fruit juice. A high mortality rate (from 33 to 80%) was observed in patients with altered levels of consciousness, despite prompt dialysis and supportive care. According to previous case reports, the proposed treatment of choice for severe star fruit intoxication may be continuous renal replacement therapy with or without hemoperfusion. We report two cases of star fruit intoxication with stage V CKD (one case is predialysis) presenting with coma and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The two patients were treated with sustained low-efficiency daily diafiltration (SLEDD-f) and charcoal hemoperfusion. Status epilepticus was controlled fairly quickly after treatment with SLEDD-f and hemoperfusion. However, the outcomes in this report are still poor (both remained comatose; one of two patients died). Currently, there are no data for the use of SLEDD-f with hemoperfusion for severe star fruit intoxication. SLEDD-f with charcoal hemoperfusion may play a role in managing refractory status epilepticus in patients with severe star fruit poisoning.     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗甲氨蝶呤排泄延迟的护理

总结应用血液透析联合血液灌流救治6例行大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗后药物排泄延迟的急性淋巴细胞白血病病人的护理措施。血液净化护理重点为大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗不良反应的观察与护理、股静脉导管维护、血液透析联合血液灌流治疗常见并发症的观察与护理等。本组6例病人未出现血液净化护理并发症,5例症状好转出院,1例因合并严重的肺部和肠道感染放弃治疗后院外死亡。     

血液灌流联合血液透析对行骨化醇冲击治疗的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的干预效果

目的分析血液灌流联合血液透析对行骨化醇冲击治疗的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的干预效果。方法将80例继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者按照入院治疗时间分为对照组(38例,在骨化醇冲击治疗基础上采用血液透析治疗)和试验组(42例,在骨化醇冲击治疗基础上采用血液灌流联合血液透析治疗)。比较两组治疗前、后的肾功能指标、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺功能、Klotho水平以及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,两组的尿素氮、血清肌酐水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组的血钙、Klotho水平明显高于对照组,血磷、甲状旁腺激素、碱性磷酸酶水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的不良反应总发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血液灌流联合血液透析在行骨化醇冲击治疗的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者中的应用效果显著,能有效改善患者肾功能,且治疗安全性高。     

不同透析方式对维持血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的研究维持血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者在不同血液透析方式中,尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)、白细胞介素1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)及降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)的浓度变化,了解透析方式对维持血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响。方法选择内蒙古兴安盟人民医院60例MHD患者,男34例,女26例,年龄18~75岁。按透析方式将60例患者分为2组。高通量血液透析(high-flux hemodialysis,HFHD)组32例,使用Fx80聚砜膜进入HFHD;血液灌流(hemoperfusion,HP)联合血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)组28例,使用F6聚砜膜进入HP+HD。在所有患者均接受透析治疗6个月后分别采集2组患者血样检测BUN、SCr、β2-MG、Alb、IL-1、IL-6、CRP及PCT水平,采用方差分析进行比较。结果 2组的年龄、性别、透析龄比较,无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。高通量血液透析与血液灌流联合血液透析比较,BUN、SCr、、Alb水平差异性无统计学意义(P0.05);IL-1、IL-6、CRP、PCT、β2-MG水平比较差异性均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高通量血液透析较血液灌流联合血液透析患者,更好的改善微炎症状态,提高生存质量,而且不会明显增加患者的经济负担。