EEG power spectral density under Propofol and its association with burst suppression,a marker of cerebral fragility

ObjectiveUnder General Anesthesia (GA), age and Burst Suppression (BS) are associated with cognitive postoperative complications, yet how these parameters are related to per-operative EEG and hypnotic doses is unclear. In this prospective study, we address this question comparing age and BS occurrences with a new score (BP_TIVA) based on Propofol doses, EEG and alpha-band power spectral densities, evaluated for SEF₉₅ = 8–13 Hz.Methods59 patients (55 [34–67] yr, 67% female) undergoing neuroradiology or orthopedic surgery were included. Total IntraVenous Anesthesia was used for Propofol and analgesics infusion. Cerebral activity was monitored from a frontal electrodes montage EEG.ResultsBP_TIVA was inversely correlated with age (Pearson r = −0.78, p < 0.001), and was significantly lower (p < 0.001) when BS occurred during the GA first minutes (induction). Additionally, the age-free BP_TIVA score was better associated with BS at induction than age (AUC = 0.94 versus 0.82, p < 0.05).ConclusionWe designed BP_TIVA score based on hypnotics and EEG. It was correlated with age yet was better associated to BS occurring during GA induction, the latter being a cerebral fragility sign.SignificanceThis advocate for an approach based on evaluating the cerebral physiological age (« brain age ») to predict postoperative cognitive evolution.     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻的效果分析与研究

目的 探讨丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全身麻醉(全麻)的效果。方法 62例腹腔镜、泌尿科、骨科、肛肠科、妇科等手术治疗的患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组31例。对照组采用常规气管插管静脉复合全麻,实验组给予靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻。比较两组患者插入喉罩(插管)、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔出喉罩(拔管)1 min、拔管3 min时心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)水平;不良反应发生情况、麻醉效果;全麻起效时间、维持全麻时间、术后苏醒时间。结果 实验组插管时、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔管1 min、拔管3 min的HR水平分别为(77.52±6.36)、(73.26±5.56)、(72.01±4.69)、(75.35±7.63)、(72.34±6.79)次/min,均低于对照组的(92.34±7.85)、(87.97±5.25)、(78.85±5.20)、(95.69±9.21)、(85.63±7.43)次/min,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组插管时、插管1 min、插管3 min、拔管1 min、拔管3 min的MAP水平分别为(90.25±6.73)、(87.65±7.98)、(88.79±7.65)、(88.09±5.61)、(88.52±5.16)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),均低于对照组的(109.51±7.85)、(103.27±12.43)、(102.52±8.21)、(106.74±7.68)、(104.62±7.71)mm Hg,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率3.23%低于对照组的19.35%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组麻醉总有效率96.77%均高于对照组的80.65%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组全麻起效、维持全麻、术后苏醒时间分别为(1.61±0.23)、(100.59±6.72)、(17.99±3.52)min,均短于对照组的(2.93±0.41)、(123.61±7.85)、(36.87±4.16)min,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 针对腹腔镜等手术患者应用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩全麻对血液动力学影响小,不良反应发生率低,麻醉效果良好,降低对机体损伤,值得推广应用。     

Propofol upregulates miR-320a and reduces HMGB1 by downregulating ANRIL to inhibit PTC cell malignant behaviors

BackgroundOur previous study states that propofol suppresses proliferation and migration of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells by downregulation of lncRNA ANRIL. This study intended to probe the downstream mechanism of ANRIL in PTC with potential microRNAs (miR) and genes.MethodsANRIL expression was detected in normal thyroid epithelial cells (Nthy-ori 3-1) and PTC cells (TPC-1, FTC-133, K1 and BCPAP). ANRIL expression was inhibited in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells to explore the effects of si-ANRIL in PTC malignant behaviors. The gain-and loss-of functions of ANRIL/miR-320a were performed to measure their roles in PTC. Levels of ANRIL, miR-320a, HMGB1, apoptosis- and Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways-related proteins were measured. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay were applied to verify ANRIL/miR-320a/HMGB1 relation. si-ANRIL was transplanted into xenograft tumors in nude mice.ResultsANRIL was upregulated in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells. miR-320a targeted HMGB1, and ANRIL bound to miR-320a. In TPC-1 and BCPAP cells, si-ANRIL prevented PTC cell malignant behaviors, and inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways; while si-ANRIL + miR-320a inhibition showed opposite trends. Overexpressing miR-320a promoted malignant behaviors of TPC-1 cells. In 6 μg/mL propofol-treated TPC-1 cells, miR-320a inhibition weakened propofol’s inhibitory effects on PTC cell growth. After ANRIL inhibition, the volume and weight of xenograft tumors were decreased.ConclusionPropofol upregulated miR-320a and reduced HMGB1 by downregulating ANRIL and inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, thus preventing PTC cell malignant behaviors. This study may offer new insights in PTC prevention and treatment.     

银杏叶注射液对丙泊酚麻醉引起的大鼠认知功能障碍的影响

目的:观察银杏叶注射液对麻醉引起的认知功能障碍的影响。方法:将75只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、银杏叶组、抑制剂组、激动剂组,每组15只。银杏叶组、抑制剂组、激动剂组从麻醉前3 d腹腔注射银杏叶注射液(2 mL/kg),1次/d,连续给药3 d;抑制剂组在麻醉前腹腔注射EX527(5 mg/kg);激动剂组在麻醉前腹腔注射SRT1720(200 mg/kg)。水迷宫观察认知功能程度,观察大鼠脑组织神经元形态学变化,透射电镜观察脑组织组织超微结构,检测Iba-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、SOD、MDA、SIRT1、NF-κB、IκB-α、Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3指标变化。结果:与模型组、抑制剂组比较,银杏叶组和激动剂组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短、穿越平台次数增多、脑组织神经细胞形态改善,突触数量增多,SIRT1、IκB-α、Bcl-2、SOD表达升高,IκB-α、Bax、Caspase-3、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、MDA表达降低(P<0.05);与银杏叶组比较,激动剂组的上述情况均较优(P<0.05);与模型组比较,抑制剂组的上述情况均较优(P<0.05)。结论:银杏叶注射液改善麻醉引起的认知障碍,其机制之一可能通过SIRT1/NF-κB通路介导。     

不同全身麻醉药物在老年患者关节置换术中的麻醉效果分析

目的探讨不同全身麻醉药物在老年患者关节置换术中的麻醉效果。方法选取本院收治的90例行关节置换术的老年患者(>60岁)为研究对象,随机分为A、B组,每组各45例。A组患者采用瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉注射维持麻醉深度,B组患者采用七氟烷和瑞芬太尼静息复合麻醉维持麻醉深度。比较两组患者不同时点的血流动力学、吞咽恢复时间、术后清醒时间、拔管时间、出麻醉恢复室(PACU)时间以及简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果两组患者麻醉前和手术开始时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),术中30分钟和术毕MAP和HR比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者吞咽恢复时间、术后清醒时间、拔管时间和出PACU时间比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者MMSE评分比较差异具有显著性(χ2=9.301,P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚静脉全身麻醉能够更好地维持患者术中的血流动力学稳定,术后苏醒较快,认知功能良好,可以更好地应用于老年患者关节置换术中。     

不同麻醉方法人工流产镇痛效果比较

目的探讨联合用药用于人工流产镇痛效果。方法实验1组静脉缓慢推注丙泊酚2mg／kg，2％利多卡因5mL加阿托品1mg，配制混合药液6mL在暴露宫颈后将麻醉剂分点注射到宫颈周围。实验2组静脉缓慢推注丙泊酚2mg／kg。对照组静脉推注生理盐水5mL。所获数据采用）C。和t检验。结果实验l、2组显效率为100％，与对照组比较P〈0．01；实验1组宫颈完全松弛和较松弛达74．2％，实验2组为46．7％，两组比较有差异非常显著性（P〈0．01）。对照组为45．8％，实验2组与对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。术中轻度呼吸抑制发生率、明显呼吸抑制发生率，实验2组显著高于实验1组（P〈0．05）。结论丙泊酚联合利多卡因、阿托品用于无痛人工流产，具有镇痛效果好、宫颈内口扩张充分、手术时间短、用药量小、费用低并可减少呼吸抑制及人工流产综合征的发生率，是安全有效的镇痛方法。     

丙泊酚通过上调纤维细胞生长因子的表达激活磷酸肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2信号通路抑制体外培养神经元缺血/再灌注损伤

目的 探讨丙泊酚在脑缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,I/RI)中发挥的作用及其具体机制. 方法 采用氧糖剥夺再灌注(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion,OGD/RP)法体外构建缺血/再灌注细胞模型,将细胞分为对照组、OGD/RP组、丙泊酚+OGD/RP组.采用甲基噻唑基四唑(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法检测皮质神经细胞存活率,Annexin V-PI检测细胞凋亡情况,即时聚合酶链式反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)方法检测碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)的mRNA表达情况,免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测丙泊酚对皮质神经细胞内bFGF,磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phosphorylated protein kinase B,pAkt)以及磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2 (phosphorylated extr acellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2,pERK 1/2)蛋白表达的影响;采用小干扰RNA构建bFGF沉默的细胞. 结果 OGD/RP处理组神经细胞凋亡率为43.2％,经10 mg/L的丙泊酚预处理后,细胞的凋亡率降为19.5％.与对照组比较,OGD处理后,细胞中bFGF的含量显著下调(P＜0.05),丙泊酚处理的皮质神经元中bFGF含量显著高于OGD处理组(P＜0.05).丙泊酚能够上调pAKT以及pERK1/2的表达,激活这两条信号通路.沉默bFGF或者施加磷酸肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B(phosphotylinosital 3 kinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)以及pERK1/2信号通路抑制剂都会导致细胞存活率显著下降(P＜0.05),抑制PI3K-Akt以及pERK1/2的激活. 结论 丙白酚可以通过上调bFGF的表达,激活PI3K-Akt和ERK 1/2信号通路,增加皮质神经元的存活.     

Narcotrend在小儿手术全身麻醉中的临床应用

目的 研究Narcotrend(NT)监测在小儿患者全身麻醉中的临床效果. 方法 择期美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、行扁桃体切除术小儿全麻患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为NT监测组(N组)和常规对照组(C组)(每组30例).以丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,术中N组丙泊酚浓度根据NT值进行调整,C组丙泊酚浓度依据患者的血压、心率等生命体征进行调控.记录两组的麻醉时间、手术时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间,记录丙泊酚的用量和患者围手术期躁动、恶心呕吐、术中知晓等的发生率. 结果 两组患者的苏醒时间与拔管时间比较,N组[(6.2±1.1) min、(11.1±1.0) min]较C组[(14.1±1.8) min、(18.5±1.6) min]缩短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);丙泊酚的用量比较,N组(99±8) mg较C组(148±8) mg明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);围手术期躁动、恶心呕吐、术中知晓等的发生率差异无统计学意义. 结论 小儿患者行扁桃体切除手术采用NT监测麻醉深度,较传统凭经验给药更安全,能减少不必要地过量使用静脉全身麻醉药物,缩短苏醒时间.