染色内镜和放大内镜技术是提高早期大肠癌诊治水平的重要手段

应用常规内镜技术难以发现大肠平坦型病变和凹陷型病变。近年来染色内镜和放大内镜技术已经发展成熟,在国外已获广泛应用,可以发现大肠微小病变和早期大肠癌。应用腺管开口分型方法可以预测肿瘤病变的组织学类型及肿瘤的浸润深度,据此可确定行内镜下粘膜剥离术或分片粘膜剥离术将肿瘤切除,抑或行外科手术治疗。在当前我国的胃肠内镜医疗界,应广泛开展染色内镜和放大内镜的临床应用,以早期发现大肠病变,提高我国大肠癌的内镜诊治水平。     

Endoscopic detection of early upper GI cancers

The detection of early-stage neoplastic lesions in the upper GI tract is associated with improved survival and the potential for complete endoscopic resection that is minimally invasive and less morbid than surgery. Despite technological advances in standard white-light endoscopy, the ability of the endoscopist to reliably detect dysplastic and early cancerous changes in the upper GI tract remains limited. In conditions such as Barrett's oesophagus, practice guidelines recommend periodic endoscopic surveillance with multiple biopsies, a methodology that is hindered by random sampling error, inconsistent histopathological interpretation, and delay in diagnosis. Early detection may be enhanced by several promising diagnostic modalities such as chromoendoscopy, magnification endoscopy, and optical spectroscopic/imaging techniques, as these modalities offer the potential to identify in real-time lesions that are inconspicuous under conventional endoscopy. The combination of novel diagnostic techniques and local endoscopic therapies will provide the endoscopist with much needed tools that can considerably enhance the detection and management of early stage lesions in the upper GI tract.     

MAGNIFICATION ENDOSCOPY IN THE UPPER GI TRACT

Magnification endoscopy in conjunction with chromoendoscopy provides additional valuable and detailed information with respect to mucosal morphology. The most promising indications include the depiction and staging of squamous cell cancer of the esophagus, the potential to identify neoplasia within Barrett's esophagus, and the demarcation of early gastric cancer. However, the exact role of magnification endoscopy for routine clinical practice is not yet determined and is currently under investigation     

醋酸染色联合窄带成像对胃黏膜肠上皮化生的诊断价值

目的:探讨内镜醋酸染色联合窄带成像模式对幽门螺杆菌阳性患者胃黏膜肠上皮化生(gastric intestinal metaplasia,GIM)病灶的诊断效果以及在筛查中的价值。方法:对93例幽门螺旋杆菌感染患者进行胃镜检查,分别在常规白光(esophagogastroduodenoscopy,EGD)、醋酸染色(acetic acid chromoendoscopy,ACC)、ACC联合窄带成像(narrow band imaging,NBI)3种模式下进行观察诊断并活检,比较3种模式下对GIM的诊断效果。结果:ACC+NBI模式的灵敏度为92.06%,远高于ACC模式的74.60%及EGD模式的30.16%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),3种模式的特异度差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EGD、ACC、ACC+NBI模式的ROC曲线AUC分别为0.584、0.790、0.860。结论:ACC联合NBI模式能明显提高内镜下胃黏膜GIM的诊断,是胃黏膜GIM筛查的良好工具。     

FICE技术在胃镜中应用价值

[目的]探讨FICE技术在胃镜中的应用价值。[方法]100例接受胃镜检查的患者,分为FICE组50例,对照组50例。对照组在常规内镜下观察,FICE组先在常规内镜下观察,再在FICE技术下观察,针对病变形态、色泽、边缘、血管形态进行2组比较。[结果]FICE组50例中病理诊断胃癌5例、高级别上皮内瘤变5例、低级别上皮内瘤变8例、萎缩性胃炎22例、非萎缩性胃炎3例、食管癌3例、食管炎症或鳞状上皮增生4例,对照组分别为3例、2例、6例、16例、20例、0例、3例,除非萎缩性胃炎外,其他2组比较均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]FICE技术可提高早期胃癌、早期食管癌的诊断率;提高病变与正常组织差异性,便于活检,提高胃镜检查的诊断率。