Social cognitive correlates of device-measured and self-reported physical activity in Black and White individuals with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundThere is increasing research interest regarding physical activity behavior among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet there is little known about physical activity and its correlates in Black persons with MS.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study assessed associations among social cognitive theory (SCT) variables and device-measured and self-reported physical activity in samples of Black and White persons with MS.MethodsParticipants included 67 Black and 141 White persons with MS who wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on a belt around the waist measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for seven days and completed a battery of questionnaires. Questionnaires included demographic and clinical characteristics, leisure-time exercise, exercise self-efficacy, overcoming barriers self-efficacy, function, social support, exercise outcome expectations, and goal setting and planning.ResultsBlack participants with MS engaged in significantly less MVPA, but not sedentary behavior or light physical activity, than the White participants with MS. Black participants further had significantly lower levels of exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations than the White sample. All SCT correlates were significantly correlated with self-reported physical activity, but only exercise and barriers self-efficacy, perceived function, and exercise goal setting were associated with device-measured MVPA. The difference in physical activity between Black and White participants with MS was accounted for by differences in exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations.ConclusionsResearchers should consider developing behavioral interventions that target exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations as SCT variables for increasing physical activity in Black persons with MS.     

ICU患者替代决策者决策疲劳现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查ICU患者替代决策者决策疲劳现状并分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,2022年1月—10月,选取山东省某三级甲等医院314名ICU患者的替代决策者为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表、决策疲劳量表、决策准备量表、家庭成员决策自我效能量表、社会支持评定量表进行调查。结果 ICU患者的替代决策者决策疲劳量表得分为（12.33±4.88）分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,患者入住ICU天数、家庭人均月收入、替代决策者性别、文化程度、职业状态、是否了解该疾病、决策准备度、决策自我效能及主观支持是决策疲劳的影响因素。结论 ICU患者替代决策者决策疲劳处于中等水平;患者入住ICU天数较长、家庭人均月收入低、女性、文化程度高、在职、不了解该疾病的替代决策者的决策疲劳水平较高,提高决策准备度、决策自我效能感及主观支持水平有利于减轻替代决策者决策疲劳,改善其决策质量。     

An Integrative Review of American Nurses'' Perceived Cultural Self-Efficacy

PURPOSE: To review use of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) and to summarize the cumulative findings. METHODS: A combination of literature searches and questionnaires to those who have requested the scale indicated 26 known uses. Fifteen reported sufficient data for statistical analysis. FINDINGS: Of the 26 known uses of the CSES, 8 were published in peer-reviewed journals, 5 in dissertations, 8 in theses, and 3 as data sets only. Two additional theses were not retrievable for the study. On a 5-point Likert-type scale, nurses reported the highest degree of self-efficacy with African American (3.1) and Hispanic (3.1) patients and the lowest with Asian American patients (2.4). Six of the reports include Cronbach's alpha coefficients, ranging from .86 to .98. In the final sample of 15 studies, nurses did not report feeling confident caring for patients from other cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Although the CSES has been used in many settings with over 3,000 nurses, inconsistencies in the data preclude specific conclusions. Further research is needed using consistent reporting practices and sufficient predictor variables to draw further conclusions regarding the scale's psychometric properties.     

中学生自我效能感、父母养育方式与成绩的关系

目的探讨中学生自我效能感和父母教养方式对学业成绩的影响。方法采用父母养育方式评价量表、一般自我效能感量表、学业自我效能感量表和自我调节学习效能感量表对1460名中学生进行调查。结果1父母教养方式方面,在父亲惩罚严厉、父亲过分干涉、父亲总分以及母亲过分干涉保护维度上存在显著的性别差异;在父亲教养方式总分上存在显著的年级差异;2自我效能感方面,在一般自我效能感维度上存在显著性别差异,在自我效能感总分上存在显著的年级差异;3学业自我效能感、一般自我效能感、父亲过分干涉、母亲温情理解和母亲惩罚严厉能够显著预测学业成绩。结论自我效能感对中学生学业成绩有显著影响,父母教养方式也显著影响学业成绩。     

Clinical and socio-demographic determinants of self-care behaviours in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus: A multicentre cross-sectional study

BackgroundSelf-care is vital for patients with heart failure to maintain health and quality of life, and it is even more vital for those who are also affected by diabetes mellitus, since they are at higher risk of worse outcomes. The literature is unclear on the influence of diabetes on heart failure self-care as well as on the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on self-care.Objectives(1) To compare self-care maintenance, self-care management and self-care confidence of patients with heart failure and diabetes versus those heart failure patients without diabetes; (2) to estimate if the presence of diabetes influences self-care maintenance, self-care management and self-care confidence of heart failure patients; (3) to identify socio-demographic and clinical determinants of self-care maintenance, self-care management and self-care confidence in patients with heart failure and diabetes.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a multicentre cross-sectional study.SettingOutpatient clinics from 29 Italian provinces.Participants1192 adults with confirmed diagnosis of heart failure.MethodsSocio-demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patients’ medical records. Self-care maintenance, self-care management and self-care confidence were measured with the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Version 6.2; each scale has a standardized score from 0 to 100, where a score <70 indicates inadequate self-care. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsOf 1192 heart failure patients, 379 (31.8%) had diabetes. In these 379, heart failure self-care behaviours were suboptimal (means range from 53.2 to 55.6). No statistically significant differences were found in any of the three self-care measures in heart failure patients with and without diabetes. The presence of diabetes did not influence self-care maintenance (p = 0.12), self-care management (p = 0.21) or self-care confidence (p = 0.51). Age (p = 0.04), number of medications (p = 0.01), presence of a caregiver (p = 0.04), family income (p = 0.009) and self-care confidence (p < 0.001) were determinants of self-care maintenance. Gender (p = 0.01), number of medications (p = 0.004) and self-care confidence (p < 0.001) were significant determinants of self-care management. Number of medications (p = 0.002) and cognitive function (p < 0.001) were determinants of self-care confidence.ConclusionsSelf-care was poor in heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus. This population needs more intensive interventions to improve self-care. Determinants of self-care in heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus should be systematically assessed by clinicians to identify patients at risk of inadequate self-care.     

前列腺癌患者经济负担现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解前列腺癌患者经济负担（financial toxicity,FT）现状及影响因素,为降低前列腺癌患者FT水平提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2020年1月—2021年8月入住上海市某三级甲等医院的281例前列腺癌患者为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、癌症患者报告结局的经济毒性量表、医学应对方式问卷和一般自我效能感量表进行横断面调查。采用多元线性回归分析FT的影响因素。 结果 前列腺癌患者的经济负担得分为22.0（17.0,24.0）分。多元线性回归分析显示,疾病诊断是否影响其退休年龄、家庭人均月收入（元）、最近3个月以来治疗费用、医学应对方式屈服维度得分及自我效能感水平是影响其FT的主要因素（P<0.001）,解释总变异的45.6%。 结论 前列腺癌患者FT处于中下水平,临床医务人员可通过实施有效的干预措施帮助其重返工作,评估患者经济状况选择个体化的治疗方案,鼓励其寻求更多的社会支持,引导其采取积极的应对方式和提升其自我效能水平以降低FT水平,提升其生活质量。     

髋膝关节置换术患者康复自我效能感在正念与恐动症间的中介效应研究

目的 探讨髋膝关节置换术患者康复自我效能感在正念与恐动症间的中介效应。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2019年7月—2021年2月,选取在杭州市3所三级甲等医院骨科首次行髋或膝关节置换术的348例患者作为调查对象,应用一般资料调查表、恐动症Tampa量表、正念注意觉知量表和康复自我效能感量表进行调查,运用结构方程模型深入剖析康复自我效能感在正念与恐动症间的中介效应。 结果 正念和康复自我效能感均可直接负向预测恐动症（P<0.001,P=0.003）,康复自我效能感在正念与恐动症间起部分中介作用,间接负向预测恐动症,中介效应为-0.232,占总效应的42.49%。 结论 髋膝关节置换术患者的康复自我效能感是正念与恐动症间的中介变量,医护人员可以通过提高患者的正念水平,增强其康复自我效能感,进而弱化患者的恐动心理和行为。     

养老机构老年人饮食自我效能现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查养老机构老年人饮食自我效能现状及其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,2020年8月—12月,选取银川市3所养老机构老年人350名,使用一般资料调查表、营养知识和态度调查表、微型营养评定简表和饮食自我效能量表进行问卷调查,采用随机森林模型和多元线性回归分析饮食自我效能的影响因素。结果 350名养老机构老年人的饮食自我效能总得分为（54.98±8.04）分,条目均分为（3.43±0.50）分。随机森林排序结果显示,影响饮食自我效能的前5位因素依次为营养态度、锻炼时长、营养知识、营养状况及学历。多元线性回归分析结果显示,营养知识、营养态度、营养状况、锻炼时长、学历为饮食自我效能的影响因素,与随机森林结果相似。结论 养老机构老年人的饮食自我效能处于中等水平,营养态度积极、营养知识水平高、营养状况佳、每天锻炼30 min以上、学历高的养老机构老年人,其饮食自我效能较高。护理人员应综合考虑以上因素,制订老年人护理计划,提高其饮食自我管理信心和能力,从而改善营养状况。     

Self-efficacy estimates for drug use practices predict risk reduction among injection drug users

We used baseline outcome efficacy (OE) estimates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction to predict subsequent risk reduction 6 months hence among 792 injection drug users in a prospective study. Declines in drug use, frequency of injection, and needle sharing were found among those with high OE scores after adjustment for baseline behavior and antecedent factors. No OE effect was found in multivariate analysis for shooting gallery attendance, a risk that substantially declined in this cohort. OE for needle disinfection was associated with reduced drug risk behaviors, but not for improved needle hygiene practices over time. The self-efficacy model is useful in understanding psychological factors in risk reduction among injection drug users.     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我效能的相关因素分析

目的 探讨稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的自我效能水平及其相关因素.方法 2008年3月至2010年5月,应用COPD自我效能量表(CSES)、社会支持量表等,对天津医科大学总医院呼吸科门诊随诊和院外随访的130例稳定期COPD患者进行调查.结果 CSES总分与患者年龄(r=-0.178,P<0.05)、病程(r=-0.190,P<0.05)、呼吸困难(r=-0.387,P<0.05)评分呈负相关,焦虑抑郁程度和社会支持水平进入回归方程,可解释因变量全部变异的46.3%.结论 稳定期COPD患者自我效能水平有不同程度的降低,焦虑抑郁情绪及社会支持水平是影响患者自我效能的主要因素,应给予针对性的心理支持,加强社会支持,提高患者的自我效能.