Comparison study of patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for peri-prosthetic joint infections following primary total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundWhile studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes in utilization of primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA), adverse events such as infections can still occur. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are associated with worse outcomes and patient morbidity. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare patient demographics amongst TSA patients with and without PJIs following primary TSA; and (2) identify patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA.MethodsPatients undergoing primary TSA for the treatment of glenohumeral OA were identified using the Mariner administrative claims database by CPT code 23,472. Laterality modifiers were utilized to ensure PJIs were developing in the correct laterality as those patients undergoing primary TSA. Inclusion for the study group consisted of patients who developed PJIs within 2-years after the index procedure, whereas patients who did not develop PJIs served as the comparison cohort. Primary outcomes analyzed included patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA. A stepwise backwards elimination multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses was performed to determine the odds (OR) of PJIs in patients undergoing primary TSA. A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe query yielded 15,396 patients who underwent primary TSA for glenohumeral OA, of which 191 patients developed PJIs and 15,205 did not develop PJIs. The study found statistically significant differences amongst patients who did and did not develop PJIs following primary TSA with respect to age, sex, and presence of comorbid conditions. Risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA included: pathologic weight loss (OR: 2.06, P < .0001), obesity (OR: 1.56, P = .0001), male sex (OR: 1.52, P = .007), and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.46, P = .022).ConclusionAs the number of primary TSAs for the treatment of glenohumeral OA increase worldwide, identifying modifiable risk-factors to reduce the incidence of infection is critical. The study found various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA. This study is valuable to orthopedists in order to identify and risk-stratify patients with regard to PJI in the setting of primary TSA for OA.Level of EvidenceLevel III; Case-Control Study     

青少年近视综合防控的基本原则与对策分析

目的 探讨青少年近视综合防控的基本原则与对策。方法 随机选取2017年6月～2019年6月我院健康体检青少年60例，随机分为综合防控组（n=30）和常规防控组（n=30）两组，常规防控组青少年接受常规防控，综合防控组青少年接受综合防控，然后统计分析两组青少年的近视情况。结果 综合防控组青少年防控前后的近视率分别为73.3%（22/30）、33.3%（10/30），常规防控组青少年防控前后的近视率分别为76.7%（23/30）、56.7%（17/30）。两组青少年防控后的近视率均显著低于防控前（P＜0.05）；防控前两组青少年的近视率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），防控后综合防控组青少年的近视率显著低于常规防控组（P＜0.05）。综合防控组总满意度为93.3%（28/30），显著高于常规防控组的73.3%（22/30）（P＜0.05）。结论 青少年近视综合防控的效果较常规防控好，能有效降低青少年的近视率，值得推广。     

局部晚期食管鳞癌新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解关系分析

目的 探讨接受新辅助放化疗的局部晚期食管鳞癌患者新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解(pCR)的关系。方法 收集2017-2019年间在四川大学华西医院肿瘤中心经病理确诊为食管鳞癌并接受新辅助放化疗和手术的 116例局部晚期患者临床资料。116例患者中 40~45Gy组 80例,≥45Gy组 36例,分析两组术后pCR率。结果 全组患者的pCR率为38.8%(45/116),40~45Gy组与≥45Gy组的pCR率分别为44%(35/80)和28%(10/36)(P=0.105)。结论 术前新辅助采用较高的放疗剂量不增加局部晚期食管鳞癌的pCR率,有必要进行前瞻性的临床研究确定合适的新辅助放疗剂量。     

前节OCT评估V4c型后房型有晶体眼人工晶体植入术安全性的临床研究

目的探讨前节光学相干断层扫描(OCT)评估V4c型后房型有晶体眼人工晶体(ICL)植入术治疗超高度近视长期安全性的价值。方法 41例(78眼)>-9.0D的超高度近视进行V4c型ICL植入手术患者,测量术前及术后1、3、6、12个月的角膜内皮细胞计数,应用前节OCT及超声生物显微镜(UBM)检测患者术前睫状沟沟到沟距离(WTW)、中央前房深度(ACD)、小梁于虹膜夹角(TIA)及术后各时段拱高、ACD、TIA。分析手术安全性;比较患者术前及术后各时段角膜内皮细胞计数、前节OCT测量指标,术前不同测量方法各参数测量结果 , UBM与前节OCT各参数测量结果。结果所有患者手术顺利,术后4 h内13只眼(12例患者)一过性眼压升高,降眼压处理后至随访结束眼压均平稳,其余患者无其他手术并发症发生。术后1、3、6、12个月,患者角膜内皮细胞计数低于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1、3、6、12个月,患者前节OCT测量指标ACD低于术前、TIA小于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1、3、6、12个月,患者角膜内皮细胞计数及前节OCT测量指标ACD、TIA、拱高比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前WTW应用卡尺手测、角膜地形图(ObscanⅡ)前节分析系统测量、Master、UBM及前节OCT测量结果分别为(11.80±0.36)、(11.75±0.37)、(12.26±1.17)、(11.94±0.41)、(11.91±0.38)mm, Master测量WTW与其他方式比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前ACD应用ObscanⅡ前节分析系统测量、Master、UBM及前节OCT测量结果分别为(3.1±0.20)、(3.30±0.17)、(3.11±0.13)、(3.10±0.15)mm, Master测量结果与其他方式比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前TIA应用UBM、前节OCT测量结果分别为(40.98±5.82)°、(40.92±5.65)°,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前及术后各时段,前节OCT及UBM测量ACD、TIA及拱高的测量结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 V4c型ICL植入术治疗超高度近视无论视力、ICL位置或是眼内情况稳定性均良好,无严重并发症,手术方式安全稳定。应用前节OCT观察术后ICL位置、前房深度及房角情况简易方便,准确无创。测量简单方便且精准,可作为术后常规随访的测量方式。     

带中心孔植入式透镜（V4c-ICL）矫正高度近视的视觉质量研究

目的　观察高度近视患者植入带中心孔植入式透镜（implantable collamer lens，ICL）后的临床疗效和视觉相关的生活质量。方法　前瞻性病例研究。选取我院诊断为高度近视，并植入V4c-ICL患者25例（50眼）为研究对象。术前及术后1个月、3个月、6个月分别检查患者屈光状态，裸眼远、中、近视力，最佳矫正远视力，远视力矫正下中、近视力，双眼视力，眼压，角膜内皮细胞密度（corneal endothelial cell density，ECD），并进行国家眼科研究所视功能问卷-25（national eye institute-visual function questionnaire，NEI-VFQ-25）调查及评分。结果　高度近视患者植入V4c-ICL后不同时间球镜、柱镜、等效球镜（spherical equivalent，SE）度较术前均明显降低（F=884.35、17.15、810.25，均为P＜0.05）；术后不同时间裸眼远、中、近视力，最佳矫正远视力，远视力矫正下中、近视力和双眼视力较术前均明显改善（F=604.47、878.13、713.92、22.25、5.33、6.90、16.51，均为P＜0.05）。术前及术后随访期间眼压、ECD无明显变化（F=0.07、1.53，均为P＞0.05）；术后NEI-VFQ-25评分较术前明显提高（F=21.76，P＜0.05）。结论　高度近视患者植入V4c-ICL后屈光不正得到矫正、短期内屈光稳定，随访期间远、中、近视力明显提高，视觉相关的生活质量明显改善。V4c-ICL植入术治疗高度近视安全、有效。     

长眼轴患者白内障超声乳化术后角膜生物力学的变化

目的　观察长眼轴患者行白内障超声乳化术后角膜生物力学的变化。方法　收集拟接受白内障手术的患者58例68眼，将其分为长眼轴组（28例34眼）和正常眼轴组（30例34眼），应用可视化角膜生物力学分析仪（corneal visualization scheimpflug technology，Corvis ST）对患者术前及术后1周、1个月的角膜生物力学参数进行测量。结果　术前及术后1周、1个月两组峰距、中央角膜厚度、矫正眼压、眼压及长眼轴组第二压平时间和最大形变幅度的总体比较，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）；术后1周与术前相比，两组峰距、中央角膜厚度、矫正眼压、眼压明显增大，长眼轴组最大形变幅度较术前减小，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05），但术后1个月正常眼轴组峰距、中央角膜厚度、矫正眼压、眼压均恢复到术前水平（均为P＞0.05），而长眼轴组最大形变幅度较术前减小，矫正眼压、眼压较术前均增高（均为P＜0.05）。术后1个月与术后1周比较，两组峰距、中央角膜厚度、矫正眼压、眼压均有减小趋势（均为P＜0.05）。长眼轴组术后1周中央角膜厚度、矫正眼压及最大形变幅度的变化量与眼轴长度均存在正相关性（r=0.493，P=0.003；r=0.575，P＜0.001；r=0.587，P＜0.001），而正常眼轴组的相关参数的变化量与眼轴长度均无相关性（均为P＞0.05）。结论　白内障超声乳化术能影响角膜生物力学，且长眼轴患者较正常眼轴者术后更易引起角膜生物力学改变，在白内障术后应注意其用药时间及激素类药物的使用，防止伤口愈合不良导致迁延感染及高眼压的发生。     

Association of genetic variants at MYP10 and MYP15 with high myopia in a Han Chinese population

Background: Previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) has revealed the association between MYP10 at 8p23 and MYP15 at 10q21.1 and high myopia (HM) in a French population. This study is managed to discover the connection between some single nucleotide polymorphism (located at MYP10 and MYP15) and Han Chinese HM.

Methods and Results: This case-control association study contained 1673 samples, including 869 ophthalmic patients and 804 controls. Twelve tag SNPs have been selected from the MYP10 and MYP15 loci and genotyped by SNaPshot method. Among 12 SNPs, rs4840437 and rs6989782 in TNKS gene were found significant association with HM. Carriers of rs4840437G allele and rs4840437GG genotype created a low risk of high myopia (P = .036, OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.71–0.93; P = .016, OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.56–0.96; respectively). Carriers of rs6989782T allele and rs6989782TT+CT genotype also had a decreased risk of high myopia (P = .048, OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.71–0.94; P = .006, OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.59–0.92; respectively). Other 10 SNPs displaced nonsignificant association with HM. Additionally, the risk haplotype AC and the protective haplotype GT, generated by two SNPs in TNKS, were considerably more likely to be association with HM (for AC, P = .002 and OR = 1.26; for GT, P = .027 and OR = 0.84).

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that some heritable variants in the TNKS gene are associated with HM in the Han population. The possible functions of TNKS in the development and pathogenesis of hereditary high myopia still require further researches to identify.     

吡咯生物碱相关肝窦阻塞综合征发病机制的研究进展

吡咯生物碱诱导的肝窦阻塞综合征主要原因为摄入了含吡咯生物碱的中草药或食品。从药物因素、宿主因素、影响因素三个方面,回顾了近年来吡咯生物碱及其代谢产物参与疾病发生发展机制的研究进展。认为吡咯生物碱相关肝窦阻塞综合征的发病机制复杂、影响因素较多,部分患者预后较差,且发病机制尚未十分明确,有必要进一步深入研究。