Pharmacy patron perspectives of community pharmacist administered influenza vaccinations

Background

One approach to boost influenza vaccination coverage has been to expand immunization authority. In 2012, the province of Ontario gave community pharmacists the authority to administer the influenza vaccine.

上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构《医疗美容管理办法》知晓情况调查

目的了解上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构的管理人员和医师对《医疗美容管理办法》相关内容的掌握情况,发现存在的问题并提出改善建议.方法采用现场调查与现场问卷调查相结合的方式,对在上海市黄浦区开展医疗美容科目的所有社会办医疗机构(共计38家)进行全覆盖现场调查,并对其中的管理人员41人、相关医师31人进行问卷调查.结果38家社会办医疗美容机构中,美容外科和美容皮肤科的开展率较高,分别为96.8%和97.2%,而美容牙科开展率为52.4%,美容中医科开展率最低(25.0%).管理人员关于非主诊医师可在主诊医师指导下工作的知晓率仅68.3%.关于美容外科、皮肤科、中医科、牙科主诊医师应具备的工作年限,管理人员答对率为90.2%,医师答对率为72.0%,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论社会办医疗美容机构中的二级科目设置需进一步优化,以减少资源空置.应加强对医疗机构管理人员和医师的法律培训,改变经营模式,制定明确的准入与退出机制,从而减少违法违规行为的发生.     

高血压家系802人的高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗和控制状况调查

目的了解高血压家系人群高血压患病率、治疗率和控制率特点。方法用整群随机抽样调查的方法调查高血压家系高血压的流行和控制情况，分析比较相关指标的差异。结果家系成员高血压患病率为55．86％，存在危险因素聚集现象。高血压的知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为79．46％、62．72％、19．64％。结论该地区高血压家系高血压患病率较高，遗传因素是重要原因。虽高血压控制水平较高，但需加强高血压的一级预防。     

Effect of EMG Biofeedback and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on Awareness of Frontalis Muscle Tension

Awareness of muscle tension, as estimated by a modification of the Kinsman et al. (1975) procedure for determining probability of correct estimation (P(c)) of absolute differences in muscle tension between adjacent trials, was examined before and after volunteer subjects underwent 4 sessions of either: 1) EMG biofeedback (BF) training, 2) progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training, or 3) a placebo-control (MC) procedure which involved listening to music as an alleged guide for relaxation. The subjects were 30 females (mean age = 28.3 yrs) responding to an offering of experimental treatment for anxiety and tension. Measurements of frontalis muscle tension (EMG) and P(c) were made before and after training. The results showed that EMG was significantly reduced by BF and PMR training but not by the MC procedure. Increases in P(c) after training were significantly greater for BF than for PMR or MC training. There were no group differences for subjective report of tension. Correlations between pre- to post-training EMG and P(c) change scores were significant only for the BF group and the combined group of BF and PMR subjects. These results suggest that: 1) both BF and PMR training were effective in producing frontalis EMG reductions, 2) the following relationship may exist among training groups in terms of relative influence upon awareness of tension—BF training > PMR training > MC training, and 3) awareness of tension appears to be related to the ability to reduce EMG although the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear.     

Error-related brain potentials are differentially related to awareness of response errors: evidence from an antisaccade task

The error negativity (Ne/ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are two components of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that are associated with action monitoring and error detection. To investigate the relation between error processing and conscious self-monitoring of behavior, the present experiment examined whether an Ne and Pe are observed after response errors of which participants are unaware. Ne and Pe measures, behavioral accuracy, and trial-to-trial subjective accuracy judgments were obtained from participants performing an antisaccade task, which elicits many unperceived, incorrect reflex-like saccades. Consistent with previous research, subjectively unperceived saccade errors were almost always immediately corrected, and were associated with faster correction times and smaller saccade sizes than perceived errors. Importantly, irrespective of whether the participant was aware of the error or not, erroneous saccades were followed by a sizable Ne. In contrast, the Pe was much more pronounced for perceived than for unperceived errors. Unperceived errors were characterized by the absence of posterror slowing. These and other results are consistent with the view that the Ne and Pe reflect the activity of two separate error monitoring processes, of which only the later process, reflected by the Pe, is associated with conscious error recognition and remedial action.     

四川省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓率现状及影响因素分析

目的 分析四川省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓水平及相关影响因素,为四川省癌症防治提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,招募20101名四川省常住居民为研究对象,采用卡方检验比较不同特征研究对象癌症防治核心知识知晓情况的差异,并采用多元线性回归模型分析居民癌症防治核心知识知晓情况的相关因素。结果 20101名研究对象中,应答条目数共计442222条,其中知晓的条目数305934条,总体知晓率为69.18%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄（β=1.097,t=12.774,P＜0.001）、肿瘤筛查或防癌体检（β=0.663,t=12.530,P＜0.001）、文化程度（β=2.117,t=22.604,P＜0.001）、家庭人均月收入（β=0.525,t=8.879,P＜0.001）、肿瘤家族史（β=-0.591,t=-9.832,P＜0.001）、职业（β=-1.301,t=-12.538,P＜0.001）是影响居民知晓率的因素。结论 四川省居民癌症防治核心知识知晓率呈逐年上升趋势,在全国处于中等水平,居民对于癌症防治核心知识知晓情况存在“重医轻防”现象。     

肺癌高危人群癌症防治核心知识认知情况调查

目的 探讨肺癌高危人群对癌症防治核心知识认知情况并对其影响因素进行分析。方法 以2017年3月至2019年12月在上海市某医院胸外科完成肺癌高危人群筛查并判断为肺癌高危人群的居民为研究对象,开展癌症防治核心知识知晓情况调查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对癌症防治核心知识掌握情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对知识掌握影响因素进行分析。结果 共纳入肺癌高危人群416例,年龄40~72岁,男性269例,女性147例,分别占64.66%、35.34%。癌症防治核心知识知晓326例,知晓率为78.4%。知晓率最高的为“体检或癌症筛查有利于早期发现癌症”、“癌症无传染性;癌症早期可无明显症状;癌症检查价格并非越高效果越好”、“戒烟有利于预防肺癌”,知晓率分别为92.79%、92.31%、90.38%。知晓率最低的为“适龄生育、母乳喂养、多进行身体活动、保持合适体重、少饮酒和定期体检有利于预防乳腺癌”、“肺癌早期筛查的有效方法”、“导致癌症发病的高风险因素”,知晓率分别为50.24%、37.98%、34.86%。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄60~72岁（OR=0.418）、文化程度为大专及以上（OR=2.309）、职业类型为医疗卫生行业（OR=4.121）是肺癌高危人群癌症防治核心知识知晓的影响因素。结论 肺癌高危人群防癌认知的总体知晓情况较好,但还应针对年龄较大、文化程度较低及非医疗卫生行业人群进一步加强癌症防治宣传,不断提高广大居民群众的防癌知识认知水平。     

Effects of lorazepam upon recollective experience in recognition memory

The effects of lorazepam (2 mg) and placebo upon recognition memory with and without conscious recollection were assessed in a cross-over study with normal volunteers. When recognising a word from study lists presented before and 1, 3 and 5 h after drug administration, subjects were required to indicate whether they could consciously recollect the word's prior occurrence or recognised it on the basis of knowing; in the absence of conscious recollection. Lorazepam only impaired word recognition which was accompanied by conscious recollection, and further, the level of this impairment correlated significantly with each of three different indices of subjects' arousal at the time of presentation of each list. Recognition in the absence of conscious recollection was not impaired but somewhat heightened by lorazepam, and these effects did not significantly relate to any index of arousal. These findings are interpreted as providing further support for the notion that recognition entails two distinct components, one based on contextual and associative information and related to conscious recollection, the other possibly based on a traceless perceptual or semantic memory system and related to feelings of knowing in the absence of conscious recollection. Implications are drawn for a contextual-encoding/retrieval account of lorazepam-induced amnesia.     

上海邮电医院门诊高血压病患病率及危险因素综合分析

目的 了解我院门诊高血压病的患病率、知晓率血压病相关知识的了解程度,分析高血压病的多项危险因素与发病的关系,以得知目前高血压病防治中的薄弱点及控制高血压的发病应采取的积极措施。方法 在院普通门诊病人中按就诊比例及不同年龄段随机调查１０５４,进行血压检测和问卷调查。 结果 我院门诊病人中高血压的患病率已达４０．６％。高血压病人中年龄、体重、有高血压家族史、吸烟、口味咸、体力活动少均较非高血压组高（Ｐ