三筒互通装置在研究动物行为中的应用

目的：通过与在经典的水迷宫中进行的实验对比,探讨三筒互通装置在研究动物行为中的可行性。方法：将对照组、阿尔茨海默病（AD）组、抗AD（AD＋多奈哌齐）组的动物分别置入水迷宫和三筒互通装置,观察其寻找平台潜伏期的时间和寻找食物路程的变化。将动物同时置入不同区间以适应环境后,提供互通条件,观察其行为变化。结果：各组动物寻找平台潜伏期的时间和寻找食物的路程均呈正相关（r=0.7,P〈0.05）;提供互通条件后,动物表现出互交、群居和协同等行为能力。结论：三筒互通装置可应用于动物学习记忆和行为能力的研究,该装置为脑功能的研究提供一个新的平台。     

大鼠多巴胺D_1受体介导二氢埃托啡位置偏爱效应(英文)

目的:研究不同的多巴胺(DA)受体拮抗剂对二氢埃托啡(DHE)奖赏效应的影响,方法:采用条件性位置偏爱模型评价DHE的奖赏效应,DA受体拮抗剂采取外周给药或直接到伏隔核内,结果:DHE(0.05、0.5和5.0μg·kg~(-1),sc)产生位置偏爱效应,氟哌啶醇、Sch-23390 sc或直接注射到伏隔核都能抑制DHE(0.5μg·kg~(-1),sc)的偏爱效应;而l-舒必利和螺哌隆在这两种给药途径下都不影响DHE的偏爱效应,结论:伏隔核中D_1受体(而不是D_2受体)在DHE偏爱效应中起关键作用。     

抗抑郁剂对小鼠探究行为、自主活动性以及隔离攻击行为的影响

目的: 研究各类抗抑郁剂对小鼠探究行为,自主活动性以及隔离攻击行为的药理作用,进一步探讨它们抗攻击行为不同的药理学机制.方法:采用隔离小鼠攻击行为的模型,评价各类抗抑郁剂对隔离攻击行为的作用.测定各类抗抑郁剂对群居小鼠探究行为和自主活动性的影响. 结果:(1)米安色林(0.5～5 mg*kg-1),丁螺环酮(2.5～10 mg*kg-1)和吗氯贝胺(2.5～10 mg*kg-1),显著性抑制群居小鼠的探究行为,但是,氟西汀(2.5～10 mg*kg-1)和DOI (0.5～2 mg*kg-1)对其无明显影响;(2)米安色林和丁螺环酮明显减少群居小鼠的自主活动性,而氟西汀、丙米嗪、吗氯贝胺以及DOI 无此作用;(3)氟西汀,米安色林,丙米嗪和丁螺环酮剂量依赖性拮抗隔离小鼠的攻击行为,吗氯贝胺对此无明显影响. DOI 双向调节隔离小鼠的攻击行为.结论:本实验结果提示,氟西汀、米安色林、丁螺环酮、丙米嗪以及DOI 对小鼠的探究行为、自主活动性和隔离攻击行为的药理作用并不完全相同,可能与它们不同的药理学机制有关. 5-HT1A和5-HT2A/2C受体可能介导隔离小鼠的攻击行为,有关5-HT受体亚型介导攻击行为需作进一步研究.     

含酒精饮料对实验动物行为功能的影响

Mice and pregnant Wistar rats were given alcoholic beverage at different concentrations. A set of behavioral tests was used to observe the effects on the development and the behavioral functions of the offspring. The retardation of behavioral development and the adverse effects on the learning and locomotor activity of the offspring were observed at highest concentration (60% 10 ml/kg B. W). No similar effects were found at lower concentrations. It is therefore suggested that pregnant women should avoid drinking, in particular, heavy drinking of alcoholic beverage so as to protect the offsprings from adverse effects.     

舒郁散对慢性应激抑郁大鼠行为及海马糖皮质激素受体表达的影响

目的观察舒郁散对慢性不可预见性应激（CUMS）抑郁大鼠的行为变化及对大鼠脑组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）含量、海马内糖皮质激素受体表达的影响。方法50只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、百忧解组、舒郁散小剂量组、舒郁散大剂量组。对大鼠进行21d的CUMS刺激,采用糖水实验、悬尾实验观察大鼠的行为改变．用ELISA法测大鼠脑组织TNF-α含量,免疫组化观察大鼠海马GR表达。结果百忧解组、舒郁散大剂量组大鼠的尾悬不动时间明显延长、糖水消耗百分率明显下降,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．01）。百忧解、舒郁散大剂量治疗组大鼠悬尾不动时间明显减少,糖水消耗量明显增加,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。百忧解、舒郁散大剂量治疗组大鼠脑组织TNF—α含量显著降低,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。模型组海马GR免疫反应阳性神经元数目明显减少,百忧解组、舒郁散大剂量组海马GR免疫反应阳性神经元数目明显增加,平均光密度明显增强,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论动物行为学显示舒郁散具有抗抑郁作用,这种作用与降低CUMS抑郁大鼠脑组织TNF一仪含量,增强海马糖皮质激素受体表达有关,上述作用与其剂量呈正相关。     

Integration of animal behaviors under stresses with different time courses

We used animal models of ＂forced swim stress＂ and ＂chronic unpredictable stress＂, and tried to reveal whether a passive coping style of high flotation behavior in forced swim stress predicts an- hedonia behavior after chronic unpredictable stress, and whether the dopamine system regulates floating and anhedonia behaviors. Our results confirmed that depression-prone rats use ＂floating behavior＂ as a coping strategy in forced swim stress and more readily suffer from anhedonia during chronic unpredictable stress. Intraperitoneal injection or nucleus accumbens microin- jection of the dopamine 2/3 receptor subtype agonist ropinirole reduced floating behaviors in depression-prone animals, but increased sucrose preference in rats showing anhedonia. These data indicate that floating behavior is a defensive mode that is preferred by susceptible individ- uals under conditions of acute stress. Simultaneously, these animals more readily experienced anhedonia under long-term stress; that is, they were more readily affected by depression. Our results suggest that dopamine 2/3 receptor subtypes in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in floating behaviors and anhedonia.     

Belladonna alkaloids-induced behavioral changes and amnesia on open-field and step-through in 18-,28-, and38-day-old mice

目的：比较阿托品（Ａｔｒ），东莨菪碱（Ｓｃｏ），樟柳碱（ＡＴ３）和山莨菪碱（Ａｎｉ）对小鼠行为及记忆损伤作用．方法：行为和记忆实验用开阔和回避反应法．脑Ｍ受体用［３Ｈ］ＱＮＢ测定．结果：Ａｔｒ，Ｓｃｏ和ＡＴ３增加小鼠走动行为２６％－４２％，降低站立，修饰，排便行为５０％－１００％，并抑制开阔记忆．４个药物均能妨碍回避反应．小鼠１８日龄额叶皮层和海马［３Ｈ］ＱＮＢ结合位点数少于３８日龄７％－２３％．结论：１）莨菪类生物碱对小鼠行为和记忆障碍的作用随其日龄增加而减弱．２）Ｓｃｏ对幼年小鼠的行为及记忆障碍作用的最小有效量分别是Ａｔｒ，ＡＴ３和Ａｎｉ的１／１０，１／１００和１／１０００．     

咖啡因对大鼠穿梭 操作行为和脑代谢的影响

Effects of caffeine (30, 60, and 120 mg.kg-1, ip) on shuttling and operating behaviors in 80 rats were studied. Effects of caffeine (60, 120 mg.kg-1, ip) on contents of dinucleotides and pterins in 6 brain areas of 18 rats were investigated by HPLC with fluorescent detector. The results showed that the dose of caffeine that induced augment of shuttle behavior was lower than that induced operating behavior. Caffeine 120 mg.kg-1 inhibited both shuttling and operating behavior, decreased FAD content in caudate nucleus; caffeine 60 mg.kg-1 increased FAD in cerebellum and brain stem. Caffeine 60, 120 mg.kg-1 increased brain NADH contents, decreased pterin contents, and increased biopterin contents in some brain areas.