复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

浅议地方医学院校物理教学的现状及改革

阐述当前医学院校特别是地方性院校医学物理教学的现状,并提出了改革的措施。     

音乐疗法在肺癌术后患者化疗过程中的应用

目的探讨音乐疗法对肺癌术后化疗患者的效果。方法于2015年4月—2016年4月选择就诊于上海交通大学附属胸科医院的400例肺癌术后化疗患者,按病区分为观察组和对照组各200例,对照组予以常规护理,观察组给予化疗前晚、化疗当日、化疗当晚三个时段的音乐聆听,对比两组患者化疗后心理、恶心呕吐反应、活动度及血氧饱和度的情况。结果观察组患者焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)得分、恶心呕吐分级、活动度KPS得分、血氧饱和度较对照组有不同程度的改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论音乐疗法应用于肺癌术后化疗患者能指导其主动参与化疗疗程,进行住院与居家自我调适,有的放矢地降低焦虑情绪、维持生命体征、缓解胃肠不适反应,促进患者自身机体康复,更积极地接受后续治疗并重返社会。     

老年性拇外翻的治疗

目的探讨老年性拇外翻的治疗方法。方法自2003年10月至2007年10月期间用第一跖趾关节融合术共治疗拇外翻足21例,患者年龄60-81岁,平均（66.13±6.8）岁。术前拇外翻角度平均47.0±5.4度,第一、二跖骨间夹角平均16.3±4.7度,术前按美国足踝外科拇趾跖趾关节-趾间关节评分标准评定,平均26.4±4.5分。全部病人均采用跖趾关节内侧切口,修整关节面后用二枚直径3.0mm空心钉固定。结果术后拇外翻角度平均16±6.5度,较术前平均减小29.3±3.5度（P〈0.01）;第一、二跖骨间夹角平均9.5±4.7度,较术前平均减小7.4±2.5度（P〈0.01）。术后按美国足踝外科拇趾跖趾-趾间关节评分标准评定,平均87.9±5.1分,平均提高65.1±4.7分（P〈0.01）。结论第一跖趾关节融合术可有效地治疗年龄大、畸形严重、骨质疏松以及跖趾关节骨关节炎的拇外翻。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定黄杨宁制剂中的环维黄杨星D的含量

摘 要 目的：建立超高效液相色谱 串联质谱法（UPLC MS/MS）快速测定黄杨宁制剂中环维黄杨星D的含量。方法: 采用UPLC MS/MS法。色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）,流动相为乙腈 含0.1%甲酸的0.01 mol·L-1甲酸氨溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.35 ml·min-1,柱温为30℃,进样量为5 μl。离子源为电喷雾（ESI）离子源,正离子模式,工作模式为多反应监测模式（MRM）。结果:环维黄杨星D的线性范围为15.58～1 558.00 ng·ml-1（r=0.999 5）;平均加样回收率为97.7%（RSD=3.8%,n=6）。结论:该方法快速、简便、准确、重复性好,适用于黄杨宁制剂的质量控制。     

自体与异体肌腱微创重建踝关节外侧韧带的临床对比研究

 目的 比较应用自体半腱肌腱与同种异体肌腱微创移植重建踝关节外侧韧带的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年6月采用微创手术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者资料。其中应用自体半腱肌腱重建踝关节外侧韧带（自体组）32例,男19例,女13例;年龄17～62岁,平均32.4岁。同期应用同种异体肌腱重建踝关节外侧韧带（异体组）36例,男22例,女14例;年龄15～67岁,平均34.2岁。两组患者均采用相同的手术方法重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带。结果 自体组手术时间[（85.5±11.5） min］长于异体组[（58.1±10.2）min］,发热天数异体组[（5.5±1.5）d］长于自体组[（2.5±1.2）d］。自体组23例随访（33.5±6.7）个月,异体组26例随访（28.5±6.7）个月。美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝与后足评分,自体组术前（62.3±8.2）分,术后（95.1±7.5）分;异体组术前（60.2±8.4）分,术后（94.8±5.5）分。5例患者（自体组3例、异体组2例）在不平地面行走时,踝关节有残余不稳定。自体组1例患者平整地面行走踝关节有残余不稳定。自体组无一例膝部肌腱供区功能障碍。术后AOFAS评分自体组16例为优,5例为良,2例为差;异体组17例为优,5例为良,4例为差。应力位X线片示自体组距骨倾斜角平均由14.0°减少到3.8°,异体组平均由13.0°减少到3.6°;距骨前移距离自体组平均由12.3 mm减少到4.6 mm,异体组平均由11.5 mm减少到4.3 mm。结论 自体肌腱与同种异体肌腱移植重建踝关节外侧韧带的临床疗效无差异,但自体肌腱愈合时间较异体肌腱快,而异体肌腱具有损伤小,手术简便等优点。     

游离前锯肌肌瓣移植在骨科的临床应用

前锯肌肌瓣具有较多优良特性,为修复重建软组织缺损的理想材料,尤其适用于对肢体远端软组织缺损造成的骨和肌腱外露的修复重建以及慢性骨髓炎的处理,其在国外已得到广泛应用,然而在国内的应用鲜有报道.文章对前锯肌的解剖特点、游离前锯肌肌瓣移植的临床应用及注意事项等作一综述.     

复杂中足损伤的临床治疗

Objective To evaluate the features and key points of clinical treatment of the complex midfoot injury retrospectively.Methods Twenty-two cases of complex midfoot injury were admitted to our hospital from June 2003 to June 2008, including 8 cases of open fracture and 5 cases of complicated soft tissue defects.Thirteen were emergency cases and the other 9 chronic ones were referred from other hospitals.In the emergency cases, only 1 underwent arthrodesis of the navicular and middle and lateral cuneiform and the others had reduction and internal fixation.In the referred cases, 2 received talar-navicular arthrodesis, 3 Lisfranc arthrndesis (accompanied by distal hallux amputation in 1), 1 navicular-cuneiform arthrudesis and 1 Chopart arthrndesis, 1 medial column amputation and 1 lateral column reconstruction.In the cases of soft tissue defects, 4 underwent free serratus anterior transfer, and 1 had transfer of distally-based sural fas-eio-cutaneous flap.The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring was used to evaluate the results.Results All the patients were followed up for 5 to 44 (average, 17.5) months.The main sequelae of the emergency cases were pain after long time waking, which was relieved following local injection of steroid and NIADs in 2 cases.Of the referred cases, pain and fatigue after walking were reported in 2, callus and pain under the 4th and 5th metatarsal heads in 2, and the whole foot rigidity and atrophy of the intrinsic muscle with severe pain while walking in 1.The case of medial column amputation developed medial arch collapse and valgus of hind foot.The mean AOFAS score for the emergency cases was 80.3± 8.7 and for the chronic ones was 60.1±16.3.Conclusion For complex midfoot injury, good results can only be obtained by early operation, anatomic reduction and stable fixation on the basis of enough understanding of the functional anatomy and traumatic pathology.     

筋膜反转法和直接吻合法修复急性跟腱断裂的比较研究

目的 回顾性比较筋膜反转法与直接吻合法修复急性跟腱断裂的优缺点.方法 2001年1月至2005年10月收治且获得随访73例急性跟腱断裂患者,采用筋膜反转法治疗,为筋膜反转组,男54例,女19例;平均(47.6±11.2)岁;受伤至手术时间平均为(6.2±4.2)d.2005年11月至2009年5月收治且获得随访82例急性跟腱断裂患者,采用直接吻合法治疗,为直接吻合组,男65例,女17例;平均(43.7±8.4)岁;受伤至手术时间平均为(7.1±5.3)d.记录两组患者的术后伤口愈合时间、踝关节活动度、单足提踵试验结果及患者的满意度,并采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分系统评价术后疗效. 结果 155例患者术后获13～114个月(平均63.5个月)随访.筋膜反转组和直接吻合组的跟腱二次断裂率分别为4.1%(3/73)、2.4%(2/82),单足提踵试验阳性率分别为13.7%(10/73)、8.5%(7/82),背伸小于对侧足50%的阳性率分别为23.3%(17/73)、18.3%(15/82),跖屈小于对侧50%的阳性率分别为12.3%(9/73)和6.1%(5/82),满意率分别为82.2%(60/73)、80.5%(66/82),AOFAS踝与后足评分平均分别为(97.2±9.4)分和(94.3±12.1)分,以上指标两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者伤口延迟愈合率分别为15.1%(11/73)、3.7%(3/82),差异有统计学意义(t=6.119,P=0.013).结论 筋膜反转加强跟腱修补并不能减少跟腱的再次断裂,却有可能导致伤口的延迟愈合.     

肺癌术后病人化疗期间的心理会诊

肺癌是当今世界上对人类健康与生命危害最大的恶性肿瘤之一,其治疗需要采取多种方法,包括外科手术、化疗、放疗、生物治疗与中医治疗等[1,2].目前,化疗在肺癌治疗中起着重要作用,其不良反应较严重,治疗周期相对较长,经济费用较高,给病人带来了严重的心理问题,影响着病人的身心健康;同时肺癌复发已导致病人复杂的心理问题,且负面情绪更加突出.因此,根据肺癌术后病人化疗的生理、心理特点给予周到细致的心理舒缓和相关介入是医务人员必须关注的[3-5].