Diagnosis of pituitary abscess and treatment via transsphenoidal surgery: experience from 15 cases

ObjectivePituitary abscess is an often misdiagnosed, rare clinical disorder. To improve diagnostic accuracy and the efficacy of surgical and antibiotic therapy for patients with pituitary abscess, herein, we retrospectively reviewed 15 patients who presented with pituitary abscesses from 2005 to 2022.DesignRetrospective study.PatientsFifteen patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery and received antibiotic treatment.MeasurementsComplete details regarding medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, imaging studies, and treatment strategies were obtained for all patients.ResultsMost patients presented with hypopituitarism and headaches, while some presented with fever, visual disturbances, and diabetes insipidus (DI). Abscesses showed significant annular enhancement post gadolinium injection. In most patients, pituitary abscess can be cured via microscopic or endoscopic drainage of the abscess followed by antibiotic treatment. Complete cure of pituitary abscess was observed in nine patients, with six cases of prolonged hypopituitarism and only one case of recurrence. Long-term hormone replacement therapy was effective in the postoperative management of hypopituitarism.ConclusionsThe typical manifestations of pituitary abscess include hypopituitarism and headaches; the presence of an enhanced ring at the edge of the mass on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images (MRI) is highly suggestive of pituitary abscess. We recommend antibiotic treatment for 4–6 weeks postoperatively, based on the results of bacterial cultures or metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).     

CYP2C19*3基因多态性对癫痫患者奥卡西平活性代谢产物MHD浓度的影响

目的：分析CYP2C19*3基因多态性与癫痫患者奥卡西平（oxcarbazepine，OXC）活性代谢产物10，11-二氢-10-羟基卡马西平（monohydroxycarbazepine，MHD）血药浓度的相关性。方法：纳入120例OXC单药治疗1个月以上且症状控制良好的癫痫患者，采集清晨服药前空腹血，采用高效液相色谱法测定MHD稳态谷浓度。通过PCR和sanger测序判定患者CYP2C19*3基因型。结果：120例癫痫患者快代谢患者64例，MHD血浆浓度为（18.17±7.34）μg·mL^-1；中代谢型患者36例，MHD血浆浓度为（19.31±9.17）μg·mL^-1；慢代谢型患者20例，MHD血浆浓度为（25.79±7.51）μg·mL^-1，3种基因型的MHD浓度有显著性差异（F=7.077，P=0.0013）。多因素分析显示，日剂量作为影响血药浓度的重要指标呈现出显著相关性（P<0.05）。结论：CYP2C19*3基因多态性影响MHD血药浓度，并且日剂量越高，MHD血药浓度越大，两者成显著正相关，临床应进行血药浓度监测。     

Hemorrhage promotes chronic adverse remodeling in acute myocardial infarction: a T1, T2 and BOLD study

Hemorrhage is recognized as a new independent predictor of adverse outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms of its effects are less understood. The aim of our study was to probe the downstream impact of hemorrhage towards chronic remodeling, including inflammation, vasodilator function and matrix alterations in an experimental model of hemorrhage. Myocardial hemorrhage was induced in the porcine heart by intracoronary injection of collagenase. Animals (N = 18) were subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion in three groups (six/group): 8 min ischemia with hemorrhage (+HEM), 45 min infarction with no hemorrhage (I ? HEM) and 45 min infarction with hemorrhage (I + HEM). MRI was performed up to 4 weeks after intervention. Cardiac function, edema (T₂, T₁), hemorrhage (T₂*), vasodilator function (T₂ BOLD), infarction and microvascular obstruction (MVO) and partition coefficient (pre‐ and post‐contrast T₁) were computed. Hemorrhage was induced only in the +HEM and I + HEM groups on Day 1 (low T₂* values). Infarct size was the greatest in the I + HEM group, while the +HEM group showed no observable infarct. MVO was seen only in the I + HEM group, with a 40% occurrence rate. Function was compromised and ventricular volume was enlarged only in the hemorrhage groups and not in the ischemia‐alone group. In the infarct zone, edema and matrix expansion were the greatest in the I + HEM group. In the remote myocardium, T₂ elevation and matrix expansion associated with a transient vasodilator dysfunction were observed in the hemorrhage groups but not in the ischemia‐alone group. Our study demonstrates that the introduction of myocardial hemorrhage at reperfusion results in greater myocardial damage, upregulated inflammation, chronic adverse remodeling and remote myocardial alterations beyond the effects of the initial ischemic insult. A systematic understanding of the consequences of hemorrhage will potentially aid in the identification of novel therapeutics for high‐risk patients progressing towards heart failure.     

汉族人拉莫三嗪相关过敏反应与HLA-B*1502的相关性

目的研究在汉族人中拉莫三嗪相关过敏反应是否与HLA-B*1502有相关性。方法对在郑州人民医院诊断为癫痫的患者在服用拉莫三嗪前进行HLA-B*1502测定,将服用拉莫三嗪12周后出现过敏反应者作为实验组,未出现过敏反应者作为对照组1,服用其他非芳香族抗癫痫药物出现过敏反应者为对照组2,检测对照组2的HLA-B*1502阳性率,对3组间HLA-B*1502的阳性率进行比较。结果实验组HLA-B*1502的阳性率为41.86%,对照组1为14.02%,对照组2为13.33%.实验组阳性率高于对照组1(χ2=13.86,P<0.05)及对照组2(χ2=6.83,P=0.009),对照组1与对照组2比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.009,P=0.924)。结论HLA-B*1502可能与汉族人拉莫三嗪相关过敏反应相关。     

A novel p.Gly417Valfs*12 mutation in the MTTP gene causing abetalipoproteinemia: Presentation of the first patient in Mexico and analysis of the previously reported cases

BackgroundOur aims were to describe the first Mexican patient with abetalipoproteinemia and to perform a comparative analysis of biochemical, clinical, and genetic characteristics of 100 cases reported in the literature.MethodsWe performed biochemical and molecular screenings in a Mexican girl with extremely low lipid levels and in her family. Further, we integrated and evaluated the characteristics of the cases with abetalipoproteinemia described in the literature.ResultsOur patient is a six‐year‐old girl who presented vomiting, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, malabsorption, acanthocytosis, anemia, transaminases elevation, and extremely low lipid levels. MTTP gene sequencing revealed homozygosity for a novel mutation p.Gly417Valfs*12 (G deletion c.1250). With the analysis of the reported cases, 60 clinical features (14 classical and 46 non‐classical) were observed, being the most common acanthocytosis (57.5%), malabsorption (43.7%), and diarrhea (42.5%); 48.8% of the patients presented only classic clinical features, while the remaining 51.2% developed secondary effects due to a fat‐soluble vitamin deficiency. An odds ratio analysis disclosed that patients diagnosed after 10 years of age have an increased risk for presenting clinical complications (OR = 18.0; 95% CI 6.0‐54.1, p < 0.0001). A great diversity of mutations in MTTP has been observed (n = 76, being the most common p.G865X and p.N139_E140) and some of them with possible residual activity.ConclusionThe first Mexican patient with abetalipoproteinemia presents a novel MTTP mutation p.Gly417Valfs*12. Three factors that could modulate the phenotype in abetalipoproteinemia were identified: age at diagnosis, treatment, and the causal mutation.     

186例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者UGT1A1*6、UGT1A1*28基因多态性的检测和分析

目的：检测和分析消化系统恶性肿瘤患者UGT1A1^*6、UGT1A1^*28基因多态性。方法：收集186例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血液标本,采用焦磷酸测序方法对UGT1A1^*6、UGT1A1^*28基因多态性进行检测,并对基因多态性频率进行统计分析。结果：186例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者样本具有群体代表性。UGT1A1^*6基因多态性为野生型G/G占比63.4%、杂合型G/A占比32.8%、突变纯合型AA占比3.8%;UGT1A1^*28基因多态性为野生型TA6/TA6占比75.8%、杂合型TA6/TA7占比21.5%、突变纯合型TA7/TA7占比2.7%;UGT1A1^*6和^*28基因多态性为野生型G/G且TA6/TA6占比48.9%,单点变异型G/G且TA6/TA7占比12.4%、G/A且TA6/TA6占比23.1%,双点变异型G/G且TA7/TA7占比2.2%、G/A且TA6/TA7占比9.1%、A/A且TA6/TA6占比3.8%,三点变异型G/A且TA7/TA7占比0.5%。患者UGT1A1^*6与UGT1A1^*28基因多态性频率分布之间具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。3个不同年龄段患者之间,胃癌、结直肠癌、其他消化系统恶性肿瘤患者之间的UGT1A1^*28、UGT1A1^*6和^*28基因型分布具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论：消化系统恶性肿瘤患者应用伊立替康时,应联合检测UGT1A1^*6和UGT1A1^*28基因多态性,同时密切关注患者的肿瘤类型以及年龄差异。     

细胞色素P4503A5~*3基因多态性与环孢素所致肝损伤相关性的评价

目的系统评价细胞色素P450 3A5*3(CYP3A5*3)基因多态性与环孢素所致的肝损伤的相关性。方法系统检索Pub Med、MedLine、EMbase、Cochrane图书馆、维普数据库、中国知网和万方数据库,查找CYP3A5*3基因多态性与环孢素致患者肝损伤相关性的研究,检索时间自各数据库建库至2016年3月。试验组为环孢素致肝损伤患者,对照组为无肝损伤患者或其他原因致肝损伤患者。用Rev Man 5. 2. 0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入病例对照研究3篇(包括英文1篇和中文2篇),患者807名。患者的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。试验组和对照组CYP3A5*3AA型的分布率分别为21. 70%(87例/401例)和22. 36%(91例/407例),差异有统计学意义(P <0. 01)。试验组和对照组中携带等位基因A的分布率分别为21. 20%和32. 89%,携带等位基因G的分布率分别为78. 80%和67. 11%,差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0. 05)。结论 CYP3A5*3基因多态性与环孢素致患者肝损伤相关,其中携带CYP3A5*3AA基因型的患者服用环孢素所致肝损伤的发生率较低,而此发生率与等位基因A和G的分布无关。