济南市手足口病重症病例危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨济南市手足口病重症病例发病的危险因素,为早期识别重症病例,降低手足口病重症病例的发生提供科学依据。 方法 采用病例对照研究方法,病例组为86例手足口病重症病例,对照组为86例手足口病轻症病例,用问卷调查收集病例组和对照组的社会人口学特征、接触史、就诊史、临床症状、实验室诊断等信息,对重症病例危险因素分析采用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。 结果 单因素结果显示发病到就诊日期、初诊单位类型为村级、患儿出现发热、足部皮疹、口腔疱疹、臀部皮疹、咳嗽、呕吐、有病例接触史、EV71阳性在两组间差异有统计学意义。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,患儿出现发热(OR=89.38)、口腔疱疹(OR=22.28)、臀部皮疹(OR=234.81)、呕吐(OR=23.90)、有病例接触史(OR=31.48)和EV71阳性(OR=71.65)是手足口病重症病例发病的危险因素。 结论 早期识别发热、口腔疱疹、臀部皮疹、呕吐等症状的患儿,对降低手足口病重症病例的发生具有一定的参考意义。提高EV71手足口病疫苗的接种率,可降低由EV71导致的重症手足口病病例的发生率。     

国产氨磺必利与丙咪嗪治疗迟滞性抑郁症的临床对照研究

目的探讨国产氨磺必利治疗迟滞性抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法将162例迟滞性抑郁患者随机分为观察组(国产氨磺必利)和对照组(丙咪嗪),治疗12周后对疗效、不良反应发生率、治疗依从性及随访1年复发率等数据进行组间比较及统计学分析。结果观察组研究对象的痊愈率和总有效率分别为39.0%和91.4%与对照组的38.3%和88.9%进行组间比较,观察组具有一定优势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访1年复发率的比较中,观察组优于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组研究对象的不良发应率为14.8%,低于对照组的23.5%,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在治疗依从性的比较中,观察组显著高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论国产氨磺必利在迟滞性抑郁症的治疗中具有疗效显著,安全性高,复发率低,治疗依从性高等优势,具有重要的临床价值,适于临床推广使用。     

Port Wine “Caviar”: Product Development,Sensorial Analysis,and Marketing Evaluation

The aim of this work was to develop a new product, port wine “caviar,” consisting of products based on red and white port wines used in different concentrations. Sample R+ consisted of red port wine at a concentration of 90%, sample R- was red port at 75%, sample W+ was white port at 90%, and sample W- was white port at 75%, all (m/m). The use of two types of port is related to different colors and the two concentrations related to the intensity. The results from the sensory analysis showed that the red port “caviar” at 90% was the best among the products tested, either in the preference test or in the evaluation of the individual characteristics. Furthermore, the market study revealed that this product can be successfully commercialized, particularly for the gourmet kitchen, which is one the main usages identified by the respondents.     

医学新生儿童期心理虐待与创造力、认知偏差的调查分析

目的:了解海南医学新生的儿童心理虐待状况;比较不同创造力、认知偏差类型的学生的儿童期心理虐待差异。方法:方便取样,采用儿童心理虐待量表、卡特尔多项人格量表-创造力、认知偏差问卷对365名自愿参与的海南省某医学院临床医学专业2014级新生进行测量,对数据进行t检验和方差分析。结果:男生的恐吓、贬损、干涉、纵容维度得分高于女生(t=2.38,2.17,2.40,2.72;P均0.05);独生子女医学新生的忽视维度得分低于非独生子女者,而干涉维度得分高于后者(t=-3.82,2.17;P均0.05);单亲家庭医学新生的忽视和贬损维度得分高于非单亲学生(t=2.80,3.24;P均0.05)。不同创造力等级的医学新生在儿童心理虐待得分上的差异无统计学意义。不同认知偏差类型的医学新生在贬损、干涉维度得分上的差异均有统计学意义(F=10.92,13.54;P均0.001)。结论:不同性别、是否独生、是否单亲的医学新生在儿童期遭受的心理虐待不一样;不同创造力的医学新生在儿童期遭受的心理虐待无差异;不同认知偏差类型的医学新生在童年期遭受的贬损和干涉高于其他类型者。     

The relationship between cognition and depressive symptoms,and factors modifying this association,in Alzheimer’s disease: A multivariate multilevel model

ObjectivesTo examine whether there was a bidirectional association between cognition and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to explore the role of socio-demographic factors and daily performance in this association.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study of 104 community-dwelling patients with confirmed AD from Taiyuan, China. We assessed cognition and depressive symptoms (dependent variables) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (GDS-30), respectively. Socio-demographic information and daily performance were treated as explanatory variables. A multivariate multilevel model was built to investigate the interrelationship between patients’ cognition and depression, as well as the effect of related factors on both outcomes.ResultsMoCA scores were negatively correlated with GDS-30 both at the subject level (correlation coefficient r₃ = −0.68, χ² = 19.26, P < 0.001) and time point level (r₂ = −0.35, χ² = 35.68, P < 0.001) in patients with AD. Multivariate analysis showed several significant factors for cognitive function, including educational level, personality, hobbies, exercise, reading, aluminum utensil use, dietary restriction and hypertension (regression coefficients: 0.60, 0.52, 0.51, 0.48, 0.45, −0.48, 0.67, and −0.74, respectively). Significant factors for depressive symptoms included family status, employment before retirement, homemaking, reading, aluminum utensil use, dietary restriction, and hypertension (regression coefficients: 3.09, −1.33, −1.62, −1.31, 0.96, −1.15, and 1.14, respectively).ConclusionThese findings indicated that cognition was negatively associated with depression in patients with AD, and both were influenced by reading, aluminum utensil use, dietary restriction, and hypertension. Considering patient factors may help to slow the progression of dementia.     

Fabrication and design of transdermal fluconazole spray

The objective of the present study was to formulate fluconazole transdermal spray for obtaining modified drug transport using eutectic mixture, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide and alcohol. The formulated products were characterized. The selection of the optimized batch was done considering the results of drug transport in the first hour, the time required for 90% drug transport, viscosity and spray angle of the formulations. The inclusion of eutectic mixture, consisting of equal parts of camphor and menthol, showed improved drug transport through rat skin. The optimized batch exhibited larger mean zone of inhibition (antifungal activity), efficient in vivo activity and short term stability.