Improvement of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury by oral administration of soft-shelled turtle powder in the rat

The effects of orally administered soft-shelled turtle powder on experimental liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride were studied. Activities of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase, content of albumin in serum, total protein, triglyceride and hydroxyproline in liver and histopathological assessment were used as indices of liver injury. Daily oral administration of 100 and 500 mg/kg soft-shelled turtle powder for 6 weeks did not prevent the acute injury induced by a subsequent single injection of carbon tetrachloride. However, administration of soft-shelled turtle powder for 6 weeks during chronic treatment with carbon tetrachloride significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated the liver injury. The increases in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum were attenuated, and there was a noticeable improvement of serum album and liver total protein content in rats treated with the powder. In addition, histopathological observation demonstrated a decrease in fatty degeneration in the liver of rats treated with the powder. None of the indices of liver injury was significantly affected by 6-week oral administration of soft-shelled turtle powder in non-carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. The results suggest that repeated administrations of soft-shelled turtle powder have a therapeutic effect on chronic liver injury, by improving liver function and protein synthesis.     

弥漫性颅脑损伤对大鼠海马一氧化氮合成酶活性及表达的影响

目的 :研究大鼠弥漫性颅脑损伤后海马结构一氧化氮合成酶 (NOS)活力及表达 ,分析海马不同亚区NOS活力变化与时间的关系。方法 :制作Wistar大鼠弥漫性脑损伤模型 ,并分对照组、假手术组及伤后6、12、24、48h组 ,于不同时间点获取脑组织 ;用NADPH 黄递酶 (NADPH d)组织化学法和免疫组化法检测NOS的活性及表达情况。结果 :NADPH d组织化学法显示 ,弥漫性脑损伤后 ,海马结构NOS阳性神经元数量在伤后6h最多 ,以后逐渐减少 ,伤后24、48h组明显低于假手术组 (P<0 05) ;免疫组化结果显示 ,在CA1、CA3区和齿状回 (DG) ,伤后24、48h组阳性细胞数均低于假手术组 (P<0 01)。结论 :大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后 ,可引起海马各区NOS的变化 ,该变化可能是造成脑组织继发性损害机制之一。     

大豆异黄酮对高胆固醇血症大鼠血及肝脏MDA含量和SOD活力的影响(英文)

目的 :研究大豆异黄酮对高胆固醇血症大鼠血液及肝脏丙二醛 (MDA )、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响。方法 :根据血胆固醇水平 ,5 0只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为 5组 ,正常对照组 (NC)、高胆固醇血症对照组 (HC)和 3个大豆异黄酮治疗组。除正常对照组以外 ,各组均喂以高胆固醇饲料。同时 ,3个治疗组分别灌胃给予 30 ,6 0 ,12 0mg·kg- 1大豆异黄酮 ,对照组给予相应的溶媒 ,持续 9wk。实验结束时 ,分离血清、红细胞 ,取出肝脏 ,制备肝匀浆。采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定红细胞和肝匀浆SOD活力 ,以硫代巴比妥酸法测定血清和肝匀浆MDA含量。结果 :与正常对照组比较 ,高胆固醇血症对照组大鼠红细胞及肝匀浆SOD活力明显降低。大豆异黄酮 6 0和 12 0mg·kg- 1组大鼠红细胞及肝脏SOD活力比高胆固醇血症对照组明显升高 (P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 )。高胆固醇血症对照组大鼠血清及肝匀浆MDA含量与正常对照组比较明显升高。与高胆固醇血症对照组比较 ,大豆异黄酮 30和 6 0mg·kg- 1组大鼠血清MDA含量及 30和 12 0mg·kg- 1组大鼠肝脏MDA含量明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :对于高胆固醇血症大鼠红细胞及肝脏SOD活力的降低及血清和肝脏MDA水平的升高 ,能被大豆异黄酮部分逆转     

1,6-二磷酸果糖镁对大鼠脑缺血及再灌注损伤的保护作用(英文)

目的 :观察 1,6′ 二磷酸果糖镁 (FDP Mg)对大鼠短暂全脑缺血及再灌注损伤的影响。方法 :采用四血管 (即双侧颈总动脉 +双侧椎动脉 )闭塞法致全脑缺血及再灌注模型。结果 :与假手术组相比 ,生理盐水及FDP Mg组脑缺血再灌注后均出现不同程度的海马形态结构损伤及神经元细胞死亡。与生理盐水组相比 ,FDP Mg组再灌注 2 4h ,72h及 7d ,CA1区锥体细胞密度较生理盐水组正常形态的细胞数明显增多 (P <0 .0 1) ,海马周围胶质细胞浸润也明显减轻。结论 :FDP Mg对脑缺血后再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用     

Conditioning-related changes of unit activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of urethane-anaesthetized rats

Changes in geniculate unit activity of urethane-anaesthetized and freely moving rats were investigated during conditioning. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a flash which was paired with an electrical stimulation of the tail as unconditioned stimulus (US). The discharge rates evoked by the CS during forward conditioning were significantly higher in responding units than those evoked by reversal of CS and US (backward conditioning) or by pseudoconditioning. Tail stimulation alone did not cause significant changes in the firing rate of most of the neurons. In 25% of the investigated neurons the facilitation of activity evoked by forward conditioning persisted during an extinction period of more than 15 min. The effect of conditioning on neuronal activity appeared to be comparable in urethane-anaesthetized rats and in freely moving ones which responded to the US with a slight freezing behavior.     

实验性糖性与萘性白内障动物模型的制作及评价

目的:选择适当的动物、试剂及给药途径,制备能动态显示白内障形成的动物模型。方法:（1）豚鼠,0.4％d-半乳糖,0.2mL/（眼·d）,球后注射19天;（2）大鼠,50％　d-半乳糖腹腔注射,25g/（kg·d）,共24天;（3）家兔,30％萘混悬液灌胃,2.65mL/（kg·d）,共8天。应用裂隙灯显微镜观察不同动物模型晶状体混浊度变化并测定其生化指标。结果:成功获得了糖性及萘性白内障动物模型。结论:此两类模型是深入研究白内障的发病机理及药效学的可靠实验手段。     

Patterns of apoptosis during degeneration of the pronephros and mesonephros.

PURPOSE: The adult mammalian kidney is preceded developmentally by 2 primitive kidneys. We determine whether apoptosis is involved in the regression of these primitive organs and document its temporospatial characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Timed pregnant rats were sacrificed at 11 to 16 days of gestation inclusively. The fetuses were histologically examined to determine the timing and pattern of apoptosis in the primitive kidneys, including pronephros and mesonephros. RESULTS: Apoptosis of the pronephros occurred primarily at 12 days of gestation. Apoptosis of the distal mesonephros occurred primarily at 13 days and was completed by 14, which left the proximal mesonephros a functioning kidney during the early period of development. The location and timing of apoptosis were consistent and specific. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis appears to be an important mechanism of the normal regression of the primitive kidney and follows a strict temporospatial pattern.     

洋参二醇皂苷注射液对大鼠急性心肌梗死的影响及其机制研究

目的:观察洋参二醇皂苷注射液(IPQDS)对大鼠急性心肌梗死的保护作用及其机制.方法:采用大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支制备急性心肌梗死模型,计算急性心肌梗死24 h后的心肌梗死面积(MIS),测定血清肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MAD)、一氧化氮(NO)含量,观察全血低切、中切、高切黏度及血浆黏度,并测定血小板黏附与聚集功能.结果:IPQODS可明显缩小急性心肌梗死大鼠的MIS,降低血清CK,LDH,AST活性及MAD含量,提高血清SOD、GSH-Px活性及NO含量,亦可使全血低、中、高切黏度,血浆黏度及血小板聚集功能明显降低,对血小板黏附功能无明显影响.结论:IPQDS对大鼠急性心肌梗死具有明显保护作用,其机制可能与提高体内抗氧化酶活性,减少自由基对心肌的氧化损伤,纠正心肌缺血时的血液高黏滞状态,防止血栓形成等作用有关.     

Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf in Goto-Kakizaki rats and counterpart control Wistar rats

Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) was compared in two animal models: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous non-obese animal model for type II diabetes, and their counterpart control Wistar rats. First, the effect of a single oral administration of mulberry leaf aqueous extract (MLE) on postprandial glucose responses was determined using maltose or glucose as substrate. With maltose-loading, MLE reduced peak responses of blood glucose significantly in both GK and Wistar rats (P < 0.05), supporting the inhibition of α-glucosidase by MLE in the small intestine. With glucose-loading, MLE also significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations, measured at 30 min, in both animal models (P < 0.01), proposing the inhibition of glucose transport by MLE. Next, dried mulberry leaf powder (MLP) was administered for 8 weeks by inclusion in the diet. By MLP administration, fasting blood glucose was significantly reduced at weeks 4 and 5 (P < 0.05), but then returned to values that were similar to those of the control at the end of experimental period in GK rats. Insulin, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein, and triglycerides tended to be decreased by MLP treatment in GK rats. All other biochemical parameters were not changed by MLP administration in GK rats. Collectively, these findings support that MLE has significant postprandial hypoglycemic effect in both non-obese diabetic and healthy animals, which may be beneficial as food supplement to manage postprandial blood glucose. Inhibitions of glucose transport as well as α-glucosidase in the small intestine were suggested as possible mechanisms related with the postprandial hypoglycemic effect of MLE.     

滋阴益气熄风活血通络法对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢及症状的实验研究

目的:通过滋阴益气熄风活血通络法观察对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢及症状的影响.方法:将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、西药组、降糖舒络方高剂量组、降糖舒络方中剂量组、降糖舒络方低剂量组6组,采用STZ腹腔注射,建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型.以实验大鼠的一般情况、血糖、体重、尿量、食量、饮水量为观察指标,以达美康为对照进行观察.结果:各组大鼠造模前饮水量、体重、食量、尿量、血糖均无明显改变(P＞0.05);造模后各组大鼠的饮水量、体重、食量、尿量、血糖跟模型组相比均有显著差异(P＜0.01);实验结束后西药组和中药组血糖较模型组均有明显改善,而对于饮水量、食量、尿量的改善中药组优于西药组,而且呈剂量依赖性.西药组对DM大鼠的体重及血糖影响优于中药组(P＜0.01),中药各组对大鼠体重影响以中药大剂量组疗效占优(P＜0.05),但是对血糖影响无组间差异(P＞0.05).结论:滋阴益气熄风活血通络法不是通过降低血糖改善糖尿病大鼠症状,其具体作用机制尚需进一步研究.