黄芪注射液对大鼠失血性休克再灌注肠黏膜NO和ET的影响

目的 :探讨黄芪注射液对失血性休克 再灌注后肠黏膜组织一氧化氮 (NO)和内皮素 (ET)含量的影响。方法 :雄性SD大鼠 32只 ,随机分成 :正常组、模型组、黄芪低剂量组 (黄芪注射液 10g·kg^-1)和黄芪高剂量组 (黄芪注射液 20g·kg^-1)。复制重度失血性休克及复苏动物模型 ,黄芪注射液于再灌注前静脉注入 ,造模完成后观察各组动物肠黏膜病理学变化 ,检测肠黏膜组织乳酸、一氧化氮和和内皮素含量。结果 :病理检查结果显示 :模型组肠黏膜损伤最重 ,黄芪具有保护失血再灌注肠黏膜的作用 ,以黄芪高剂量组效果最佳 ,正常组肠黏膜正常 (P <0 .0 1)。模型组和黄芪低剂量组小肠黏膜组织乳酸含量高于黄芪高剂量组和正常组 (P <0 .0 5 )。模型组和黄芪低剂量组小肠黏膜组织NO含量低于黄芪高剂量组和正常组 (P <0 .0 1)。小肠黏膜组织ET含量以模型组最高 ,与其他 3组比较均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,黄芪低剂量组黏膜组织ET含量高于正常组和黄芪高剂量组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :黄芪注射液能减轻大鼠失血性休克再灌注肠黏膜损害 ,可能与其减轻肠黏膜组织血管内皮功能紊乱有关。     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group I sham operation (group S) ; group II intestinal IR (group IIR); group Ⅲ ischemic preconditioning (group Ipr); group IV ischemic postconditioning (group Ipo); group V Ipr+ Ipo. The rats were anesthetized with intraperitonel 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. In group S, SMA was isolated but not occluded. In group Ipr, SMA was occluded for 10 min followed by 10 min reperfusion, and the rest procedures were performed using the method described in group IIR. In group Ipo, 60 min ischemia was followed by three 30 s episodes of ischemia at 30 s intervals for reperfusion. In group Ipr+ Ipo, Ipr was performed followed by Ipo and the procedures were performed using the methods described in group Ipr and Ipo. The animals were killed at 60 min of reperfusion. The intestinal tissues were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and MPO activities and the degree of damage to intestinal mucous membrane was scored according to Chiu score. Arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and 1L-6. Results Compared with group S, Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, whereas SOD activity decreased in the other 4 groups ( P < 0.05). Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas SOD activity increased in group Ipr, Ipo and Ipr + Ipo as compared with group IIR ( P < 0.05). Chiu score and MDA content were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity higher in group Ipr + Ipo than in group Ipr and Ipo ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the indices between group Ipr and group Ipo ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning can attenuate the intestinal IR injury in rats, and the efficacy is better than that of either Ipr or Ipo alone.     

腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥离术中两点注射垂体后叶素的临床观察

目的 探讨两点注射垂体后叶素在腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥离术中的安全性和可行性.方法 将86例行腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥离术患者分为研究组(术中在患侧宫角和输卵管系膜无血管区注射垂体后叶素)42例和对照组(未使用垂体后叶素)44例,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后最高体温、术后住院天数及复发率等.结果 研究组和对照组的手术时间分别为(51.24±22.58)min和(67.02±25.14)min,术中出血量分别为(42.16±26.10)ml和(68.23±28.21)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);研究组和对照组的复发率分别为4.76%和11.36%,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后最高体温和术后住院天数比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥离术中应用垂体后叶素在患侧宫角及输卵管系膜无血管区注射,能减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间,并有降低复发率的可能,是一种安全、可靠、价廉、方便的方法,值得推广.     

19例原位肝移植术中凝血弹性图变化及与ACT相关性的临床研究

目的 探讨国人原位肝移植术中凝血弹性图（TEG）的变化及其与激活全血凝块形成时间（ACT）的相关性。方法 19例病人分为急性肝衰组（8例）与肝肿瘤组（11例）,接受原位肝移植术,无肝期采用体外静脉－静脉转流。两组病人分别于术前、无肝前（手术开始后120min,I 120)、无肝的30min（Ⅱ 30）、新肝前5min（Ⅲ－5）、新肝后5min（Ⅲ＋5）、30min（Ⅲ＋30）、60min（Ⅲ＋60）、120min（Ⅲ＋120）,8个时间点,分别观察硅燥土激活的全血TEG及ACT的变化。19例病人中有6例于新肝后5min同时观察肝素酶修正后的TEG与非肝素酶修正后的TEG及ACT的变化。结果 肝衰组TEG值（r、r k、αlpha角或α、MA）的变化主要在Ⅱ＋30min、Ⅲ－5min、Ⅲ＋5min,肝肿瘤组TEG值（r、r k、αMA）的变化均在新肝后5min、30min、60min。与术前值相比,两组TEG值的表现为r与r k延长,α与MA减小（P＜0．05、0．01）。相关研究表明,两组r k与ACT均呈正相关（r分别为0．743及0．634,P＜0．01）。其中6例于新肝后5min,有肝素酶与无肝毒酶的全血TEG值差异亦显著（P＜0．01）,后者经静注鱼精蛋白50－75mg后,两组TEG值差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 TEG提示原位肝移植术中的凝血紊乱主要发生在无肝期及新肝早期,TEG指标r k与ACT有相关性。肝素酶修正后的全血TEG可提示新肝期体内存在肝素化效应,需用鱼精蛋白拮抗。     

JAK/STAT通路在大鼠肠缺血再灌注所致肠损伤中的作用

目的: 探讨Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活子(JAK/STAT)通路在大鼠肠缺血再灌注(I/R)所致肠损伤中的作用。方法: 雄性健康SD大鼠40只,体重230~255 g,随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(sham组),仅分离肠系膜上动脉(SMA)但不夹闭;肠缺血再灌注组(I/R组),采用阻断SMA 60 min后开放120 min的方法制备肠I/R损伤模型;AG490(JAK特异性抑制剂)组,于夹闭SMA前30 min在大鼠侧腹部皮下注射8 mg·kg^-1 AG490,余同I/R组;雷帕霉素(STAT特异性抑制剂)组(RPM组),于夹闭SMA前30 min在大鼠侧腹部皮下注射0.4 mg·kg^-1 RPM,余同I/R组;二甲基亚砜组(DMSO组),于夹闭SMA前30 min侧腹部皮下注射2 μmol·kg^-1 DMSO,余同I/R组,DMSO系AG490和RPM的溶剂。所有大鼠均于再灌注120 min后取小肠观察肠黏膜形态学变化并行Chiu's评分,同时取肠黏膜组织检测髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及丙二醛(MDA)和乳酸(LD)含量,采集动脉血检测血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性及15-F_2t-isoprostane、内皮素-1(ET-1)和血栓烷素B₂(TXB₂)浓度。TUNEL法检测肠上皮细胞凋亡情况并计算凋亡指数;采用Western blotting检测磷酸化的JAK2(p-JAK2)及STAT3(p-STAT3)的表达水平。结果: 与sham组比较,其余各组的Chiu's评分和肠黏膜细胞凋 亡指数均显著升高(P＜0.05);而I/R组和DMSO组的LD和MDA含量、DAO活性、MPO活性、15-F_2t-isoprostane浓度、ET-1浓度及TXB₂浓度均显著升高,p-JAK2及p-STAT3蛋白表达量也显著升高,SOD活性显著降低(P＜0.05)。与I/R组和DMSO组比较,AG490组和RPM组的DAO活性、MPO活性、肠黏膜上皮细胞凋亡指数、ET-1浓度、p-JAK2及p-STAT3蛋白表达均显著降低,SOD活性则显著升高(P＜0.05)。 结论: JAK/STAT信号通路的激活参与了肠I/R所致的肠损伤的发生,其作用与促进氧化应激损伤、中性粒细胞的聚集和肠黏膜细胞凋亡有关。     

麻醉诱导期不同预保温措施对胆道闭锁患儿术中体温的影响

目的 探讨麻醉诱导期预保温对胆道闭锁患儿术中体温的影响.方法 将46例行肝门空肠Roux-Y吻合手术的胆道闭锁患儿,随机分为试验组(n＝23)和对照组(n＝23).试验组患儿麻醉诱导期使用充气保温毯进行预保温30min;对照组患儿麻醉诱导期采用普通盖被覆盖保温30min.观察并记录两组患儿的体温变化情况.结果 试验组术中低体温发生率为47.6％ (10/21),2例因术中出血较多被剔除;对照组术中低体温发生率为78.3％(18/23).对照组术中低体温的发生率高于试验组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05).结论 胆道闭锁患儿麻醉诱导期应用充气保温毯预保温,有助于保持患儿术中体温相对稳定.     

帕瑞昔布钠在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中预先性镇痛的效果

目的:研究帕瑞昔布钠预先镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛的影响及安全性.方法:60例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者,随机分为3组,每组20例.对照组(C组)麻醉诱导前20 min静注生理盐水10 mL; 预先镇痛组 (P组) 麻醉诱导前20 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;常规镇痛组(R组)术毕前20 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg.分别记录拔管后0、1、2、4、6、12、24 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)的评分及拔管后5、10、15、20 min的Rammesay镇静评分;记录24 h内追加镇痛药及不良反应的情况.结果:术后P组0、1、2、4、6、12 h的VAS评分显著低于C组同时点VAS评分(P<0.05);而P组1、2、4、6 h的VAS评分显著低于R组同时点VAS评分(P<0.05);同时,P组及R组在术后5、10、15、20 min时点的镇静评分显著高于C组同时点的评分(P<0.05).结论:帕瑞昔布钠预先镇痛用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛效果确切,同时可减少术后患者躁动的发生,且不良反应少.     

大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤后肠黏膜差异表达蛋白质组的分离与鉴定

3、醛脱氢酶和醛糖还原酶,前3种酶与改善能量代谢相关,后3种酶与抗氧化应激、抑制凋亡相关.结论 建立了重复性较好的正常与II/R损伤后大鼠肠黏膜组织的双向凝胶电泳图谱.II/R的损伤机制可能与顺乌头酸酶、丙酮酸激酶、细胞色素C还原酶、蛋白二硫化物异构酶A3、醛脱氧酶和醛糖还原酶的下调有关.     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning on the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): group I sham operation (group S) ; group II intestinal IR (group IIR); group Ⅲ ischemic preconditioning (group Ipr); group IV ischemic postconditioning (group Ipo); group V Ipr+ Ipo. The rats were anesthetized with intraperitonel 20% urethane 5 ml/kg. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. In group S, SMA was isolated but not occluded. In group Ipr, SMA was occluded for 10 min followed by 10 min reperfusion, and the rest procedures were performed using the method described in group IIR. In group Ipo, 60 min ischemia was followed by three 30 s episodes of ischemia at 30 s intervals for reperfusion. In group Ipr+ Ipo, Ipr was performed followed by Ipo and the procedures were performed using the methods described in group Ipr and Ipo. The animals were killed at 60 min of reperfusion. The intestinal tissues were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD and MPO activities and the degree of damage to intestinal mucous membrane was scored according to Chiu score. Arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and 1L-6. Results Compared with group S, Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, whereas SOD activity decreased in the other 4 groups ( P < 0.05). Chiu score, MDA content, MPO activity, and plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased, whereas SOD activity increased in group Ipr, Ipo and Ipr + Ipo as compared with group IIR ( P < 0.05). Chiu score and MDA content were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity higher in group Ipr + Ipo than in group Ipr and Ipo ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the indices between group Ipr and group Ipo ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning-postconditioning can attenuate the intestinal IR injury in rats, and the efficacy is better than that of either Ipr or Ipo alone.     

缺血预处理-后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价缺血预处理.后处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠40只.体重225～275 g,随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(S组)仅分离肠系膜上动脉(SMA),不夹闭;肠缺血再灌注组(IIR组)采用夹闭SMA 60 min,再灌注60 min的方法制备肠缺血再灌注损伤模型;缺血预处理组(IPr组)夹闭SMA 10 min,再灌注10 min,余同IIR组;缺血后处理组(IPo 组)夹闭SMA 60 min后,再灌注30 s,缺血30 s,反复3次,再灌注60 min;缺血预处理.后处理组(IPr-IPo组)先行缺血预处理,再行缺血后处理,操作过程同IPr组和IPo组.于再灌注60 min时各组取肠粘膜组织,观察肠粘膜形态并行Chiu评分,检测丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,同时采集动脉血样检测血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)浓度.结果 与S组比较,其余各组Chiu评分、MDA含量、MPO活性、血浆TNF-α与IL-6浓度升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.05).与IIR组比较,IPr组、IPo组及IPr-IPo组Chiu评分、MDA含量、MPO活性、血浆TNF-α和IL-6浓度降低.SOD活性升高(P<0.01).与IPr组和IPo组比较,IPr-IPo组Chiu评分和MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高(P<0.05).IPr组与IPo组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 缺血预处理-后处理可减轻大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤,较单独应用时效果好.