利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.     

深度血液稀释对大鼠调节性T细胞和组织代谢的影响

目的 探讨深度血液稀释对大鼠调节性T细胞(Treg)及组织代谢的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠,体重350～400 g,戊巴比妥腹腔注射麻醉后,解剖颈总动脉连接L-420E动物测压系统监测血压和心率,并用于放血和进行血气分析;解剖股静脉后留置24G套管针,备采血和输液用;输液用微量注射泵泵入,先输羟乙基淀粉,后输携氧液,羟乙基淀粉与携氧液之比为1:2.当红细胞压积值达目标值(<20%)时,静脉输液停止.分别于稀释前和稀释后即刻取静脉41 mL置于EDTA-K2抗凝管中送流式细胞仪检测CD4和CD25.稀释结束后24 h处死动物,取心、肺、肝、肾组织制片,光镜下进行病理学观察.结果 3只大鼠被剔除.17只大鼠红细胞压积值达目标值17.41%±1.28%,且全部存活,输液量(32.88±1.65)mL,动物放血量(10.00±2.00)mL,血液稀释所用时间(60.00±10.00)min.血液稀释前后Na 、K 、Ca2 浓度及pH、CO2分压、心率、血压变化无统计学意义,血液稀释后CD 4CD 25、氧分压高于稀释前(P<0.01),心、肺、肝、肾等组织无缺血、缺氧及水肿改变.结论 应用携氧液行深度血液稀释,可使大鼠外周血中Treg细胞及血氧分压明显升高,血流动力学稳定,可改善组织氧供给.     

区域阻滞麻醉技术在髋关节手术中的应用进展

随着超声技术在麻醉领域中的广泛应用和对髋关节神经支配的深入认识,越来越多的区域阻滞麻醉技术用于髋关节手术患者的麻醉与镇痛。本文就腰丛阻滞(LPB)、髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)、腰方肌阻滞(QLB)、竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)和髋关节囊周神经(PENG)阻滞的解剖及入路、临床应用和并发症等方面等进行综述,以探讨各种区域阻滞麻醉技术在髋关节手术中的应用进展。     

超声引导下神经阻滞技术用于患儿腹部手术后镇痛的进展

区域神经阻滞是多模式镇痛的基础方案。与静脉镇痛比较,区域神经阻滞具有更强的针对性和有效性,神经阻滞麻醉镇痛可有效减少阿片类药物使用带来的不良反应。联合应用超声引导技术,能够提高神经阻滞的安全性和精确性。患儿腹部神经阻滞解剖结构以及局麻药物扩散途径、临床应用以及并发症的报道较少,药物浓度与剂量缺乏统一标准,需要进一步的临床研究。本文分别从患儿腰方肌阻滞（QLB）、腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB）、腹直肌鞘阻滞（RSB）、竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）和椎旁阻滞（PVB）的局麻药物扩散途径、浓度剂量、临床应用及相关并发症等方面进行综述,以期为患儿术后镇痛提供参考。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因腰方肌阻滞用于腹腔镜手术患儿术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨超声引导下不同浓度罗哌卡因腰方肌阻滞用于患儿腹腔镜手术后镇痛的有效性和安全性。方法选择择期行腹腔镜疝囊和鞘状突高位结扎术患儿69例,男65例,女4例,年龄3～6岁,体重13～24 kg, ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为三组:0.15%罗哌卡因组(C15组,n=23)、0.20%罗哌卡因组(C20组,n=22)和0.25%罗哌卡因组(C25组,n=24)。于手术切皮前行双侧腰方肌阻滞,三组分别注射0.15%、0.20%、0.25%罗哌卡因0.4 ml/kg。记录术后12 h内首次补救镇痛时间、需要补救镇痛例数,术后1、2、4、6、8、10、12 h的FACES评分及苏醒期躁动情况。记录术后穿刺部位血肿、感染、周围脏器损伤、局麻药毒性反应、下肢肌力减退、低血压等腰方肌阻滞相关并发症发生情况。结果 C25组术后12 h内首次补救镇痛时间明显晚于C15组(P0.05),需要补救镇痛例数明显少于C15组(P0.05)。术后1、2、4 h C25组FACES评分明显低于C15组和C20组(P0.05)。三组患儿苏醒期躁动发生率差异无统计学意义。所有患儿术后均未出现相关并发症。结论超声引导下0.25%罗哌卡因0.4 ml/kg双侧腰方肌阻滞可推迟腹腔镜疝囊和鞘状突高位结扎术患儿术后12 h内首次补救镇痛时间,且镇痛效果更好。     

颌面部神经阻滞在唇腭裂修复术围手术期的应用进展

背景 唇腭裂在小儿先天性疾病中占很高比列,小儿唇腭裂修复术围手术期的疼痛对喂养和伤口愈合有很大影响. 内容 总结分析颌面部神经阻滞对唇腭裂患儿围手术期镇痛、术后苏醒、颌面部神经阻滞相关并发症以及对术后应用镇痛药物各方面的影响. 目的 通过对小儿唇腭裂修复术围手术期颌面部神经阻滞镇痛方式、应用药物研究现状的总结归纳,探讨颌面部神经阻滞用于唇腭裂修复术围手术期的镇痛效果和副作用,为唇腭裂修复术围手术期镇痛提供有效的依据,完善小儿镇痛. 趋向 颌面部神经阻滞是唇腭裂修复术围手术期较为理想的一种镇痛方式,超声的引进使小儿术后镇痛得到进一步完善.但目前仍缺乏一种绝对满意、安全的颌面部神经阻滞方法,相关内容仍需进一步临床研究.     

利多卡因复合氯胺酮对全脑缺血大鼠海马细胞凋亡的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine combined ketamine to the cells necrosis and apoptosis in the CA1 region of rat hippoeampus following global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group(Ⅰ, n=4),sham operation group (Ⅱ, n=4), model group (Ⅲ, n =4), lidoeaine group (Ⅳ, n =16), ke-tamine group(Ⅴ, n=16), lidocaine and ketamine group (Ⅵ, n=16). The global cerebral ischemia (10 min) was induced by the use of the four-vessel occlusion method. Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ intraperitoneally injected the lidocaine 10mg/kg, ketamine 10 mg/kg or lidocaine combined ketamine 10 mg/kg. The effect of cells necrosis and apoptosis was detected by using HE staining and TUNEL methods. Results Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of ischemia neuron of group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ had significant deviation (P<0.05) in 24 h, and group Wl had significant decreased than group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). The isehemia neurons peak presented in 24 h. Compared with group Ⅱ the numbers of apoptosis of group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ had significantly deviation (P<0.05)in 24 h, and group Ⅵ had significantly decreased than group Ⅳ,Ⅴ (P<0.05). The apoptosis peak presented in 24 h and 48 h, and decreased during reperfusion time. Conclusion Li-doeaine combined ketamine can reduce the cell necrosis and apoptosis after global erebral isehemia-reperfusion in rats hippocampus.     

自噬促进大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的细胞铁死亡

目的:探讨自噬对肠缺血再灌注损伤中细胞铁死亡的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将24只SPF级Wistar大鼠(体质量200～220 g)分为4组(n=6):伪手术组(sham组)、缺血组(I组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血再灌注+自噬抑制剂组(I/R+3-MA组)。夹闭肠系膜上动脉1 h构建缺血模型，再灌注2 h建立大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤模型；采用HE染色光镜下观察肠黏膜病理改变并行Chiu评分；比色法检测Fe²⁺含量；ELISA法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、过氧化脂质(LPO)含量；Western Blot检测铁蛋白重肽(ferritin heavy polypeptide, FTH)1、核受体共激活子(nuclear receptor coactivator, NCOA)4、LC3-II/I表达，透射电镜检测线粒体形态。结果:与sham组比较，其余3组小肠组织Chiu评分均增高(P<0.01),LC3II/I表达上调，FTH1、NCOA4表达下调(P<0.01),I组、I/R组LDH、Fe²⁺含量升高(P<0.01),I/...