王夫之的智能心理思想

王夫之的智能心理思想非常丰富,其主要包含智能基本性质论、智能先天基础论、智能后天发展论、智能相对独立论、智能天人结合论、智力与非智力结合论等。王夫子是我国古代智能心理思想的集大成者,对其思想的现代诠释有助于我们对现代智能心理学的理解。     

Drug prevention,politics and knowledge: Ideology in the making

The quest for rational and effective methods for political action has long been at the forefront of Swedish drug policy and prevention. This article focuses on the ideological dimension of Swedish drug prevention policy during the years 1981–2011 by examining the knowledge utilisation in the construction of drugs as a political problem. Ten public reports have been analysed in terms of how drugs are constructed as problems in policy proposals, including an analysis of how knowledge is used in proposals for preventive measures. There was a marked shift in the 1990s in how the drug issue was constructed as a problem and what preventive measures should be taken. What used to be an issue of social exclusion that should be managed politically on a structural level now became a behavioural concern and a matter of liberal drug values. Values, then, were to be addressed by methods aimed at modifying individual behaviour. The analysis suggests that drug prevention today has been constructed in a way that precludes reading drugs as a problem of social exclusion. Drugs are constructed as a problem to be handled by experts rather than politics, which helps to circumvent demands for political accountability and the very possibility of constructing drugs as a political problem.     

Indicators of Criminal Involvement: Crime Rates Versus Qualitative Classification of Official Records

Previous research revealed an additive effect of recovery activities in that those who attended Twelve-Step meetings on a weekly basis during and after outpatient drug-user treatment had higher rates of abstinence compared to those who participated in either treatment or Twelve-Step programs alone. The current investigation extends the previous research by examining the possible effects of Twelve-Step ideology on participation in Twelve-Step programs and abstinence from drug use. The findings from this treatment outcomes study indicate that the acceptance of Twelve-Step ideology, particularly strong agreement with the need for frequent, lifelong attendance at Twelve-Step meetings, and the need to surrender to a “higher power” are significant predictors of weekly or more frequent attendance at Twelve-Step meetings independent from other potentially mediating variables. Twelve-Step ideology, specifically the notion that controlled or nonproblematic drug use is not possible, predicted abstinence independent from Twelve-Step participation and other potentially mediating variables. These findings often a number of implications concerning group process and recovery from drug misuse which are addressed in the Discussion section under the following topics: 1) spirituality and group cohesion, 2) spiritual transcendence, social transcendence, and recovery; 3) spirituality and the obstruction of recovery; 4) Twelve-Step ideology and learning; 5) perceived control of drug use, self-efficacy theory, and recovery; and 7) perceived control of drug use and optimistic illusions. Directions for future research are discussed.     

新时期主流意识形态建设脉络与基本经验

探索我国主流意识形态建设经验和发展规律，是一道兼具开放性和延续性的论题，既不能以熟知代替真知，也不能固步自封于既有的实践。唯有结合改革开放新的历史起点，才能厘清主流意识形态建设的脉络，继而总体上把握其建设经验。首先，主流意识形态建设积聚了思想能量，贯穿着改革创新精神，彰显出当代中国马克思主义的理论品格；其次，主流意识形态建设有着自身的价值追求，关联着时代发展进程，清晰展露出中国特色社会主义实践总命题；再次，主流意识形态建设汇聚了战略思维，加大了理论创新的步幅，反映出新时期中国共产党人的理论勇气与实践姿态。这样的实践命题，既确证了意识形态工作是我们党的一项极端重要的工作，也开启了社会主义意识形态建设的新空间和新领域。     

Changing social and scientific discourses on type 2 diabetes between 1800 and 1950: a socio‐historical analysis

Since the emergence of type 2 diabetes as a public health threat around the middle of the 20^th century, accounts of disease causation have focused predominately on lifestyle or genetics, or both, while the role of broader structural issues such as psychosocial distress has been downplayed. Yet in the years prior to this emergence, when diabetes remained the preserve of the upper classes, medical experts drew upon multiple narratives when considering the condition, the most popular of which being the role of social organisation and the interplay between mind, body and environment. This article is based on a discourse analysis of the writings of the most prominent diabetes experts between 1800 and 1950 about both the causes and management of the illness. It highlights how, although the connection between lifestyle and diabetes was well established among physicians, individual‐level explanations only fully supplanted the emphasis on social organisation as diabetes began to make the transition from being a disease of the rich to one of the poor. It argues that this discursive shift was shaped by the dynamics of class relations rather than any new forms of scientific evidence developed at the time.     

A step into the anarchist's mind: examining political attitudes and ideology through event-related brain potentials

The present study investigates patterns of event-related brain potentials following the presentation of attitudinal stimuli among political moderates (N=12) and anarchists (N=11). We used a modified oddball paradigm to investigate the evaluative inconsistency effect elicited by stimuli embedded in a sequence of contextual stimuli with an opposite valence. Increased late positive potentials (LPPs) of extreme political attitudes were observed. Moreover, this LPP enhancement was larger among anarchists than among moderates, indicating that an extreme political attitude of a moderate differs from an extreme political attitude of an anarchist. The discussion elaborates on the meaning of attitude extremity for moderates and extremists.     

五行的组合与化生

目的：探讨五行的组合与化生的关系。方法：通过大量搜集、整理、阅读文献,并运用文献整理、分析、归纳等方法,对五行的组合与化生进行探讨。结果：五行的性质、作用,是百姓赖以生存的物质元素,开物成务,利用厚生。五行由最初的组合论实体的合成以兴万物的物质元素,演化为中国古代自然哲学思想体系。结论：阴阳五行作为中国文化的骨架,是从战国后期到西汉中期陆续形成的。     

河北省乡镇卫生院现状及实行绩效管理的指导思想和方法

目的:分析乡镇卫生院的现状,提出实行绩效管理的指导思想和具体操作方法.方法:通过对1801个乡镇卫生院的调查,并采用了有关课题的部分资料和数据进行描述性统计分析.结果:总结了乡镇卫生院的现状,尤其是存在的几个主要问题.结论:卫生院比以前有所改善,但是仍存在许多需要解决的问题.提出了乡镇卫生院明确实行绩效管理的指导思想和方法来提高综合服务水平.     

论影响译者的外部因素

作为在翻译活动中据中心地位和主导作用的译者,其翻译活动必然要受到各种内部和外部因素的影响,本文论述了社会因素,意识形态和赞助者等翻译外部因素对译者的影响。     

先秦人道思想的两种形态及其历史衍化

先秦诸子中 ,儒家讲仁爱 ,墨家讲兼爱 ,成为古代人道思想的两种主要形态。两种人道思想的共同之处在于都强调爱人与爱物的区别 ,强调人之异于物的独特价值。其相异之点在于儒家有见于人性的理性之维 ,其人道思想体现了对人的道德自觉能力的尊重 ;墨家有见于人性的感性之维 ,其人道思想侧重于对人的感性欲求的满足。儒家把仁爱建立在“亲亲”的血缘关系的基础上 ,比较符合宗法制社会的实际情况 ,且在儒墨对峙中相对开放 ,吸收了不少墨家的合理思想 ,秦汉以后成为封建社会的正统思想。墨家的兼爱由于过于理想化 ,不合当时人们的思想实际 ,加上自身的封闭性及忽视理论发展等缺陷 ,使其兼爱思想趋于湮灭 ,只是在后世的游侠或农民起义思想中有过短暂的再现 ,成为下层人民反抗暴政的武器。把两种人道思想置于近、现代人道主义的视域 ,其共同缺失在于忽视个体价值。儒家对道德理性的片面强化 ,使个性屈服于社会性 ,人道思想成为维护社会整体利益 (主要表现为统治者利益 )的工具。墨家思想强调人的感性欲望满足的必要性 ,但忽视了人的多方面潜能的发展。因而中国古代虽有很丰富的人道思想却未能发展出近、现代人道主义。