The decreased molar ratio of phytate:zinc improved zinc nutriture in South Koreans for the past 30 years (1969-1998)

For the assessment of representative and longitudinal Zn nutriture in South Koreans, Zn, phytate and Ca intakes were determined using four consecutive years of food consumption data taken from Korean National Nutrition Survey Report (KNNSR) every 10 years during 1969-1998. The nutrient intake data are presented for large city and rural areas. Zn intake of South Koreans in both large city and rural areas was low during 1969-1988 having values between 4.5-5.6 mg/d, after then increased to 7.4 (91% Estimated Average Requirements for Koreans, EAR = 8.1 mg/d) and 6.7 mg/d (74% EAR) in 1998 in large city and rural areas, respectively. In 1968, Zn intake was unexpectedly higher in rural areas due to higher grain consumption, but since then until 1988 Zn intake was decreased and increased back in 1998. Food sources for Zn have shifted from plants to a variety of animal products. Phytate intake of South Koreans during 1969-1978 was high mainly due to the consumption of grains and soy products which are major phytate sources, but decreased in 1998. The molar ratios of phytate:Zn and millimmolar ratio of phytate×Ca:Zn were decreased due to the decreased phytate intake in South Koreans, which implies higher zinc bioavailability. The study results suggest that Zn nutriture has improved by increased dietary Zn intakes and the decreased molar ratio of phytate:Zn in South Koreans in both large city and rural areas.     

我院2005年药品不良反应报告质量分析

目的分析我院2005年收集的141份药品不良反应(ADR)报告质量。方法采用回顾性调查方法,依据江苏省《ADR报告表规范分级标准》,确定ADR报告填写质量标准,并按标准对报告的填写质量进行分析。结果88份为“数据完整”的4级报告,占62.41%;42份为“数据不完整”的1～3级报告,占29.79%;11份为无效报告,占7.80%。结论在加强ADR监测的同时应采取措施,提高ADR报告的质量。     

我院240例药品不良反应报告回顾性分析

目的:了解我院药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点。方法:对我院2003～2006年各科室上报的240份ADR报告进行回顾性分析。结果:静脉滴注给药引发的ADR为211例(占87.92%);抗菌药物引发ADR最多见,有153例(占63.75%);皮肤及其附件损害最常见,有118例(占49.17%)。结论:临床应重视ADR的监测与报告,减少或避免ADR的发生。     

2006年海州区医疗机构法定传染病报告质量调查

[目的]为进一步落实《传染病防治法》,全面了解海州区各级各类医疗机构传染病报告情况和报告质量。[方法]对2006年的传染病报告进行现场抽查,核对数据和查阅资料,计算漏报率、及时率、一致率和卡片填写的完整率。[结果]漏报率1.21%,乡镇卫生院漏报率17.24%,区级医疗机构漏报率5.88%,市直医疗单位漏报率0.79%;及时率96.30%,乡镇卫生院38.46%,区级医疗机构81.25%,市直医疗机构97.69%;一致率62.47%,市直医疗机构59.02%,区级医疗机构76.47%,乡镇卫生院96.00%;卡片填写完整率93.50%。[结论]做好传染病疫情报告工作,提高报告质量,要有各级领导的重视,管理人员责任落实,管理制度健全,责任传报人自觉遵守,奖惩措施落实到位。     

龙岩市综合医院结核病疫情转诊、追踪情况分析

[目的]掌握龙岩市综合性医院结核病疫情报告、转诊与追踪情况，为结核病项目制定控制策略提供科学依据。[方法]2002年11月、2005年12月对龙岩市辖区内部分医院进行调查。[结果]结核病人转诊到位率，2002年市级、县级、乡中心卫生院分别为92．5％、86．9％、90．1％，2005年市级、县级分别为66.7％、76.3％；2005年结核病人转诊到位率，各县（区）为17，2％～68．9％，追踪到位率为12．5％～81．0％。[结论]龙岩市综合性医院结核病疫情报告、转诊与追踪情况存在较多问题。     

Self-other disagreement in personality assessment: significance and prognostic value

The feasibility of the use of multiple informant reports in clinical practice was examined in a sample of 105 psychiatric outpatients who provided self-ratings and (2-3) informants' reports on the Five Factor Personality Inventory. The response rate was 97%. The patients assessed themselves as less extraverted and more emotionally stable than their proxies did. In addition, the significance of self-other disagreement was investigated. Our first hypothesis, stating that self-other disagreement would correlate with (personality) pathology, was confirmed: self-other disagreement predominantly occurred in introverted, shy, hostile and depressed persons who tended to have more personality problems and co-morbidity. We found no support for our second hypothesis, stating that self-other disagreement would predict a diminished therapy effect. An important finding, however, was that self-other disagreement proved to be a strong predictor of dropout. Furthermore, a decrease in depression, hostility and shyness was positively correlated with a decrease in self-other disagreement.     

Protective effects of the alcohol dehydrogenase-ADH1B allele in children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: To examine alcohol use for mothers with and without an ADH1B*3 allele and the moderating effects of the maternal and child ADH1B*3 allele on a broad range of infant and 7.5-year outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Blood samples from 263 black mother/child pairs (217 mothers and 239 children) were analyzed to determine incidence of the ADH1B allele and the relation of the maternal allele to pregnancy drinking assessed at every prenatal clinic visit. Moderating effects of ADH1B were examined by dichotomizing the moderator variable and performing regression analyses on the 2 groups. RESULTS: Pregnancy drinking at conception was less frequent in the presence of the ADH1B*3 allele, and virtually no adverse effects were found in children whose mothers had at least one ADH1B*3 allele. By contrast to the maternal allele, we found no consistent pattern of greater vulnerability in children lacking the ADH1B*3 allele. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the maternal ADH1B*3 allele provides some protection to the fetus from prenatal alcohol exposure.     

宫颈细胞学与活检组织病理诊断对比分析

目的以宫颈活检组织病理学诊断为标准，对液基薄层细胞学检查宫颈癌及癌前病变的准确性进行评价，以提高和规范液基薄层细胞学检查的诊断水平。方法收集2006年5月到2007年12月期间在妇科门诊及住院就诊患者12，300例中288例宫颈脱落细胞学检查异常结果病例，采用新柏氏（Thinprep Cytology Test，TCT）操作系统提供的取样器取材，专用的液基保存液瓶保存标本，Thin-prep2000制片仪制片，巴氏染色。TCT筛查出ASCUS以上患者，均在阴道镜下行多点活检以作组织病理学检查。结果宫颈鳞状细胞癌诊断符合率为100％，高度病变符合率为93．1％，低度病变符合率为86．5％。结论液基薄层细胞学诊断宫颈癌及癌前病变（Cervical intraepithelial Lesion，CIN）具有较高的准确性，为宫颈病变的进一步诊断和治疗提供有效依据。     

The effect of report cards on consumer choice in the health insurance market

We test the effect of report cards on consumer choice in the HMO market. Federal employees were provided with report cards on a limited basis in 1995 and then on a widespread basis in 1996. Exploiting this natural experiment, we find that subjective measures of quality and coverage influence plan choices, after controlling for plan premiums, expected out of pocket expenses and service coverages. The effect is stronger within a small sample of new hires compared to a larger sample of existing federal employees. We also find evidence that report cards increase the price elasticity of demand for health insurance.     

Spontaneous Erosion of a Lost Intra-Abdominal Gallstone Through the Back Eight Months Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background and Objectives:

Gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with spillage of bile and gallstones occurs in up to 40% of patients. Several reports have recently been published describing complications related to these lost gallstones. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of this complication in our patients.

Methods:

A prospectively maintained database of 856 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed between 1989 and 1996 by a single surgeon was analyzed.

Results:

The number of perforations resulting in loss of stones in the abdominal cavity was 16% (165 patients). Of these 165 patients, only a single patient could be identified as having a long-term complication.

Conclusions:

Intra-abdominal lost gallstones can produce complications secondary to migration and erosion. It is prudent to make a concerted effort to remove spilled gall-stones by every possible means but conversion to laparotomy is not justifiable.