嚼槟榔与口腔癌关系的病例对照研究

目的 分析口腔癌发病的危险因素,并进一步探讨嚼槟榔与口腔癌的关系。 方法 采用以医院为基础的1:1病例对照研究方法,对2014年在湘潭市某综合医院确诊的口腔癌病例及同期该院其他科室就诊的非口腔疾病、非肿瘤病人共100对进行问卷调查。采用条件logistic回归对资料进行分析,计算OR值及95%CI,并分析嚼槟榔与吸烟、饮酒的交互作用。 结果 单因素条件logistic回归分析结果:吸烟(OR=3.441,95%CI:1.671～7.001,P=0.001)、饮酒(OR=3.010,95%CI:1.497～6.063,P=0.002)、嚼槟榔(OR=3.340,95%CI:1.423～7.844,P=0.006)是口腔癌的危险因素;而多因素条件logistic回归分析结果:吸烟(OR=2.700,95%CI:1.289～5.656,P=0.008)、饮酒(OR=2.257,95%CI:1.071～4.756,P=0.032)是口腔癌的危险因素,但未发现嚼槟榔(OR=2.070,95%CI:0.790～4.758,P=0.139)能独立升高口腔癌的发病风险。交互作用分析结果:嚼槟榔与吸烟(OR_相乘交互=0.696,95%CI:0.140～1.465,P=0.658)、饮酒(OR_相乘交互=1.416,95%CI:0.318～6.300,P=0.648)间不存在相乘交互作用。相加交互作用:嚼槟榔与吸烟之间不存在相加交互作用,相对超危险度比(RERI)的95%CI(-1.573～2.225),归因比(AP)的95%CI(-0.364～0.514)包括0,且交互作用指数(S)的95%CI (0.589～2.087)包括1。但嚼槟榔与饮酒之间存在相加交互作用,嚼槟榔且饮酒患口腔癌的危险性是不嚼槟榔不饮酒的5.034倍,RERI为2.263、AP为0.449、S为2.275。 结论 嚼槟榔、吸烟、饮酒都是口腔癌的主要危险因素。嚼槟榔与饮酒存在相加交互作用,可增加饮酒患口腔癌的发病风险。     

Les personnes en situation de handicap complexe avec altérations des capacités de décision,d’action et de communication : retour sur la méthode

As a result of the collaborative national research on complex disability situations, which he conducted between 2010 and 2013, the author returns to method elements regarding the survey of people without access to a typical communication. The article discusses the conditions of a “semaphoric” approach (Delion, 2006) in meeting with a person with multiple disabilities with significant communicative limitations, and co-constructing possible “spaces” for discussion and observation of the shared experience of emotions.     

社区老年人正常高值血压与高血压的区分因素

目的 分析社区老年人正常高值血压与高血压的区分因素及各因素间的相互作用。方法 抽取安徽省六安市城乡社区60岁及以上居民1 080人,将其中高血压和正常高值血压共967人纳入分析。采用logistic逐步回归筛选区分正常高值血压与高血压2组老年人的相关因素,并对筛选出的因素进行一阶交互作用分析。结果 相比正常高值血压,患高血压老年人下列因素分布比例更高:高年龄组（80～94岁组与 60～70岁组）、男性、有高血压家族史、慢性病共病数量（≥2组 与 0组）、肥胖、LDL - C高、TG高和尿蛋白异常。有统计学意义的交互作用项如下:性别（男/女）× 年龄（低、中、高）,性别（男/女）× 高血压家族史（有/无）和BMI（正常、超重、肥胖）× 高血压家族史（有/无）。结论 高龄、男性、高血压家族史、慢性病、肥胖及其相关因素与高血压存在关联。高龄只在男性中与高血压有关联;高血压家族史与高血压的关联强度在男性中高于女性;肥胖只在有高血压家族史老年人中与高血压有关联。     

Meta-analysis of Gene Expression Data Identifies Causal Genes for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in male populations across the globe. With the advent of geneexpression arrays, many microarray studies have been conducted in prostate cancer, but the results have variedacross different studies. To better understand the genetic and biologic mechanisms of prostate cancer, we conducteda meta-analysis of two studies on prostate cancer. Eight key genes were identified to be differentially expressedwith progression. After gene co-expression analysis based on data from the GEO database, we obtained a coexpressedgene list which included 725 genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these genes are involvedin actin filament-based processes, locomotion and cell morphogenesis. Further analysis of the gene list shouldprovide important clues for developing new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.     

HPV16 CTL Epitope Peptide-activated Dendritic Cell and Natural Killer Co-culture for Therapy of Cervical Cancer in an Animal Model

There is increasing evidence that natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in antitumor immunityfollowing dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Little is known, however, about the optimal stimulation of DCs byepitopes and NK interactions for cytotoxicity in tumors. In this study, DC cells activated by the HPV16E7.49-57epitope and LPS were co-cultured with NK cells in vitro, and then used ot immunize mice to study CTL activityof TC-1, which constitutively expresses HPV16E6E7, with an LDH release assay. Cytotoxicity in mice immunizedwith DC loaded with epitope HPVE7.49-57 vaccine co-cultured with NK was enhanced significantly (p<0.01).In conclusion, talk-across between DC and NK cells enhances their functions, also improving cytotoxicityagainsttumor cells, suggesting that activated DC-NK by epitopes has potential application for cancer-specificimmuno-cellular therapy.     

Interaction of XRCC1 and XPD Gene Polymorphisms with Lifestyle and Environmental Factors Regarding Susceptibility to Lung Cancer in a High Incidence Population in North East India

Background: This study aimed to explore the role of XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XPD (Lys751Gln) genepolymorphisms, lifestyle and environmental factors as well as their possible interactions in propensity to developlung cancer in a population with high incidence from North East India. Materials and Methods: A total of 272lung cancer cases and 544 controls were collected and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XPD (Lys751Gln) genotypes wereanalyzed using a polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Conditionalmultiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervalsafter adjusting for confounding factors. Results: The combined Gln/Gln genotype of XRCC1 and XPD genes(OR=2.78, CI=1.05-7.38; p=0.040) was significantly associated with increased risk for lung cancer. Interactionof XRCC1Gln/Gln genotype with exposure of wood combustion (OR=2.56, CI=1.16-5.66; p=0.020), exposure ofcooking oil fumes (OR=3.45, CI=1.39-8.58; p=0.008) and tobacco smoking (OR=2.54, CI=1.21-5.32; p=0.014) andinteraction of XPD with betel quid chewing (OR=2.31, CI=1.23-4.32; p=0.009) and tobacco smoking (OR=2.13,CI=1.12-4.05; p=0.022) were found to be significantly associated with increased risk for lung cancer. Conclusions:Gln/Gln alleles of both XRCC1 and XPD genes appear to amplify the effects of household exposure, smokingand betel quid chewing on lung cancer risk in the study population.     

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Case-control Study in Wuhan,China

High risk forms of the human papilloma virus (HPV) are generally accepted as necessary causative agentsfor cervical cancer. Recently, a possible relation between HPV and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) hasalso been noticed. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection in OSCCs inWuhan city. DNA samples were collected from fresh tissues in 200 patients with OSCC and 68 normal controls.The polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to identify the HPV types in the samples. Theprevalence of HPV of all types in the OSCC group was higher than in the control group (55/200 vs 2/68, OR=11.5,95% CI=2.6-50.2). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main types detected, with HPV6 was the only low-risk typeidentified. High-risk HPV types HPV16 and HPV18 are prevalent in OSCC patients and may participate in thedevelopment of OSCC with traditional risk factors, tobacco and alcohol, possibly exerting synergistic effects.The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that those who smoked, consumed alcohol and with HPVinfection have the highest risk of developing oral cancer (OR=13.3, 95% CI=3.1-56.8). Adjusted for age, smokingand alcohol use, HPV infection was independently associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma.     

Evolution of the Mir-155 Family and Possible Targets in Cancers and the Immune System

The mir-155 family is not only involved in a diversity of cancers, but also as a regulator of the immune system.However, the evolutionary history of this family is still unclear. The present study indicates that mir-155 evolvedindependently with lineage-specific gain of miRNAs. In addition, arm switching has occurred in the mir-155family, and alternative splicing could produce two different lengths of ancestral sequences, implying the alternativesplicing can also drive evolution for intragenic miRNAs. Here we screened validated target genes and immunityrelatedproteins, followed by analyzation of the mir-155 family function by high-throughput methods like thegene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Eneyclopedin of Genes and Genemes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.The high-throughput analysis showed that the CCND1 and EGFR genes were outstanding in being significantlyenriched, and the target genes cebpb and VCAM1 and the protein SMAD2 were also vital in mir-155-relatedimmune reponse activities. Therefore, we conclude that the mir-155 family is highly conserved in evolution,and CCND1 and EGFR genes might be potential targets of mir-155 with regard to progress of cancers, whilethe cebpb and VCAM1 genes and the protein SMAD2 might be key factors in the mir-155 regulated immuneactivities.     

Mena蛋白与TES蛋白在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用研究进展

Mena蛋白是Ena/VASP家族蛋白之一，在细胞伪足的形成和延伸、细胞的运动中起着重要的作用；TES是一种细胞黏附分子，在细胞外抑制肿瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭。近年来研究表明，肿瘤细胞伪足的形成和延伸以及细胞黏附是影响肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭的主要原因，本文通过探讨Mena与TES蛋白相互作用对肿瘤细胞伪足和细胞运动能力以及细胞黏附的影响，阐明Mena与TES在肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭过程中的作用及分子机制，为肿瘤转移患者分子靶向治疗提供新的治疗靶点策略和思路。