盐酸左布比卡因用于无痛分娩对新生儿评分及血气的影响

目的观察低浓度盐酸左布比卡因硬-脊联合麻醉用于无痛分娩对新生儿评分及血气的影响。方法选择120例正常产妇,随机分为两组,每组60例。Ⅰ组为观察组,在宫口开至2～3cm开始行腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉,腰麻药物为0.75%盐酸左布比卡因1mL+20μg芬太尼1mL,共2mL。Ⅱ组为对照组,按产科常规处理。当胎儿娩出后,取脐动脉血2mL行pH、PCO2和PO2分析,对新生儿进行Apgar评分。结果Ⅰ组麻醉镇痛效果良好,两组新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿脐动脉血血气分析结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低浓度盐酸左布比卡因可安全有效地用于无痛分娩,对新生儿血气和新生儿的评分无影响。     

脐动脉血pH值对评价新生儿窒息及预后的临床意义

目的 通过分析新生儿脐动脉血pH值、Apgar评分之间的相关性,探讨脐动脉血pH值在评价新生儿窒息及新生儿窒息预后中的作用.方法 从2007年11月～2008年5月于我院阴道分娩的新生儿中随即抽取108例正常新生儿(对照组)及51例窒息新生儿(窒息组),对其脐血血气pH值及Apgar评分进行分析,并对结果 进行比较.结果 新生儿窒息的发生随脐血pH值降低而升高,正常评分的发牛率随pH值降低而减少,两者呈显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 Apgar与新生儿窒息无显著相关性;但脐血血气分析pH值能更客观、更灵敏地反映胎儿缺血缺氧程度及新生儿出生时状态,对窒息新生儿预后有指导意义.     

导乐陪伴分娩联合分娩球护理在初产妇分娩中的应用价值

目的 探究在初产妇分娩中施行导乐陪伴分娩联合分娩球护理的效果。方法 选用随机数字表法将 2019 年 1 月至 2019 年 12 月我院 100 例初产妇分为对照组（50 例）和观察组（50 例）。对照组施行常规护理,观察组采用导乐陪伴分娩联合分娩球 护理。对比两组疼痛情况、心理情况、产程、分娩方式、会阴撕裂发生率、宫颈裂伤发生率、新生儿 Apgar 评分及护理满意度。 结果 观察组宫口开大 3cm、5～6cm、8～9cm 时疼痛评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组干预后焦虑评分低于对照组（P＜ 0.05）。观察组第一、三产程及总产程时间均少于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组剖宫产率、会阴撕裂发生率均低于对照组（P＜ 0.05）。两组宫颈裂伤发生率对比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。观察组产后 1min、5min 及 10min 新生儿 Apgar 评分均高于对照组 （P＜0.05）。观察组护理满意度高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 在初产妇分娩中施行导乐陪伴分娩联合分娩球护理有助于减轻 疼痛感,缩短产程,降低会阴撕裂发生率,且产妇满意度更高。     

Birth characteristics and Wilms tumors in children in the Nordic countries: A register‐based case–control study

Little is known about causes of Wilms tumor. Because of the young age at diagnosis, several studies have looked at various birth characteristics. We conducted a registry‐based case–control study involving 690 cases of Wilms tumor aged 0–14 years, occurring in Denmark, Finland, Norway or Sweden during 1985–2006, individually matched to five controls drawn randomly from the Nordic childhood population. Information on birth characteristics was obtained from the population‐based medical birth registries. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression analysis. We observed a distinct association between Wilms tumor and high birth weight (≥4 kg) for girls (OR 1.97, CI 1.50–2.59) but not for boys (1.04, 0.78–1.38); overall, the OR was 1.43 (1.17–1.74). Among girls, risk increased by 28% (15–42%) per 500 g increase in birth weight. Large‐for‐gestational age girls also had a higher risk (2.48, 1.51–4.05), whereas no effect was seen for boys (1.12, 0.60–2.07). An association was seen with Apgar score at 5 min < 7 for both sexes combined (5.13, 2.55–10.3). ORs close to unity were seen for parental age and birth order. In our large‐scale, registry‐based study, we confirmed earlier observations of an association between high birth weight and risk of Wilms tumor, but we found an effect only in girls. The higher risk of infants with low Apgar score might reflect hypoxia causing cell damage, adverse side effects of neonatal treatment or reverse causation as low Apgar score might indicate the presence of a tumor.     

子痫前期患者肝肾功能的改变及对胎儿的影响

目的 探讨子痫前期患者肝肾功能指标的改变及对妊娠结局的影响.方法 选择我院100例轻度子痫前期患者、110例重度子痫前期患者以及100例正常晚孕妇女（对照组）,回顾性分析其临床资料,检测所有受试者肝肾功能生化指标的变化情况并分析其与妊娠结局的关系.结果 三组研究对象在年龄、孕周、分娩方式方面差异均有统计学意义（P均＜ 0.05）.三组间除总胆红素和胱抑素C外,其他肝肾功能指标水平差异均有统计学意义（P均＜ 0.05）,轻度子痫前期组与对照组比较,除碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）、尿酸（uric acid,UA）外,其余肝肾功能指标水平差异均无统计学意义（P均＞ 0.05）;重度子痫前期组与对照组比较,除直接胆红素外,其余肝肾功能指标水平差异均有统计学意义（P均＜ 0.05）;重度与轻度子痫前期组比较,除ALP、胆碱酯酶、尿素氮和UA外,其他肝肾功能指标水平差异均有统计学意义（P均＜ 0.05）.子痫前期患者分娩孕周与Apgar评分、新生儿体重呈正相关关系（r=0.754,r=0.860,P均＜0.05）.结论 子痫前期患者肝肾功能生化指标有明显改变,并严重影响妊娠的进展及胎儿的生长发育.     

新生儿出生评分计时器在新生儿评分中的效果

目的:研究新生儿出生评分计时器在新生儿评分中的效果。方法:对1 100例新生儿进行啼哭时间计时,对1 min Apgar评分>7分的新生儿进行单盲法计时评分,进行统计学分析。结果:1 min Apgar评分>7分的新生儿有1 068例,啼哭时间平均为(23.82±12.55)s,在≤40 s啼哭的新生儿占92.13%。原始1 min Apgar评分时间平均为(64.22±12.43)s;与60 s做比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1 min Apgar评分≤7分者32例,采用新生儿复苏指南原则进行复苏,计时器报时1次/30 s。32例均复苏成功。结论:新生儿出生评分计时器使用简便,计时准确,提升了Apgar评分的准确性,利于对窒息新生儿的抢救。     

Predictive value of the 1‐min Apgar score for survival at 23–26 weeks gestational age

Aim: Is a 1‐min Apgar score ≤1 predictive of mortality in resuscitated extremely premature infants? Methods: A retrospective case–control review of all infants with gestational ages <27 weeks over a 5‐year period. All values as median [75% CI]. Results: Of 237 infants, 29 had 1‐min Apgar scores ≤1 (Group 1) and 208 had scores >1 (Group 2). Despite earlier and more frequent intubation (2 min [2.3; 6.7] vs. 5 min [7.5; 10] and 93% vs. 77%, p = 0.04), mortality was higher in Group 1 (62% vs. 17%; p < 0.0001). Age at death did not differ (Group 1: 3.5 days [1; 30] vs. Group 2: 6 days [6; 44]). Birth weight and sex were the best predictors of survival. With a 1‐min Apgar score of 1, a male infant at 23 weeks and 500 g had a mortality rate of 92%. Conclusion: Despite successful resuscitation, infants between 23 and 26 weeks have a very poor prognosis for survival when presenting with bradycardia, cyanosis and no respiratory efforts (1‐min Apgar = 1) at birth. According to our data, initiating active treatment for an infant at 23 weeks with bradycardia and apnoea is almost always unsuccessful, whereas by 26 weeks gestation, the chance of survival is higher than the probability of death.     

七氟醚吸入辅助硬膜外阻滞用于剖宫产对新生儿Apgar评分的影响

目的 比较七氟醚吸入辅助硬膜外阻滞麻醉与单纯硬膜外阻滞麻醉用于剖宫产术对新生儿Apgar评分的影响,探讨七氟醚用于产科麻醉的可行性.方法 选取择期剖宫产的足月初产妇80例,随机分为两组:七氟醚吸入辅助硬膜外阻滞麻醉组(实验组,n=40);单纯硬膜外阻滞麻醉组(对照组,n=40).两组均于L2～3或L3～4行硬膜外穿刺,予2％利多卡因15～20 ml维持麻醉,实验组于切皮前面罩吸入七氟醚6％～8％至产妇意识完全消失,再以1.5％～2.5％的浓度维持至胎儿娩出;对照组不加任何辅助药物,记录两组产妇的ECG、BP、SpO2等生命体征、产妇吸入七氟醚至胎儿娩出的时间以及胎儿娩出后1 min、5 min、10 min的Apgar评分.结果 吸入七氟醚至胎儿娩出的时间两组均在5～10 min,两组新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),实验组有3例新生儿Apgar评分≤7分(7.5％);对照组有2例(5.0％),经吸氧简单处理后5 min的Apgar评分均为10分.结论 七氟醚吸入辅助硬膜外阻滞麻醉用于剖宫产对新生儿Apgar评分无明显影响.     

Management issues for women with epilepsy—Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): II. Teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes

A committee assembled by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) reassessed the evidence related to the care of women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy, including antiepileptic drug (AED) teratogenicity and adverse perinatal outcomes. It is highly probable that intrauterine first-trimester valproate (VPA) exposure has higher risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) compared to carbamazepine (CBZ), and possibly compared to phenytoin (PHT) or lamotrigine (LTG). It is probable that VPA as part of polytherapy and possible that VPA as monotherapy contribute to the development of MCMs. AED polytherapy probably contributes to the development of MCMs and reduced cognitive outcomes compared to monotherapy. Intrauterine exposure to VPA monotherapy probably reduces cognitive outcomes and monotherapy exposure to PHT or phenobarbital (PB) possibly reduces cognitive outcomes. Neonates of WWE taking AEDs probably have an increased risk of being small for gestational age and possibly have an increased risk of a 1-minute Apgar score of <7. If possible, avoidance of VPA and AED polytherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy should be considered to decrease the risk of MCMs. If possible, avoidance of VPA and AED polytherapy throughout pregnancy should be considered and avoidance of PHT and PB throughout pregnancy may be considered to prevent reduced cognitive outcomes.     

硬膜外腔麻醉和腰硬联合麻醉对剖宫产中新生儿Apgar评分影响的比较

目的比较硬膜外腔麻醉（EA）和腰硬联合麻醉（SCEA）对剖宫产中新生儿Apgar评分影响。方法选择1995～1998年3年中在EA下剖宫产病例和2005～2008年3年中在SCEA下剖宫产病例,入选病例分别为2 484例和3 032例。收集并记录最高阻滞平面、局麻药用量、麻醉诱导至胎儿娩出时间（I-D）、子宫切开至胎儿娩出时间（U-D）;收集并记录新生儿1、5、10 min Apgar评分,收集并记录新生儿Apgar评分低于7分的各项具体评分。结果 EA组与SCEA组比较,EA组的I-D和U-D都明显高于SCEA组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,EA组利多卡因和布比卡因的总用量明显多于SCEA组（P〈0.01）;出婴后1～10 min Apgar评分低于7分的新生儿总例数EA组明显多于SCEA组（P〈0.05）;在Apgar评分低于7分新生儿的具体各项评分中,出婴后1、5、10 min EA组新生儿的肌肉张力明显低于SCEA组（P〈0.01）,出婴后1、5 min EA组新生儿的呼吸评分低于SCEA组（P〈0.05）,出婴后1 min EA组新生儿的皮肤颜色和刺激反射评分都低于SCEA组（P〈0.05）。结论在剖宫产中,EA组Apgar评分低于7分的新生儿明显多于SCEA组,这与局麻药用量大和麻醉诱导至胎儿娩出时间长关联性大。在SCEA中局麻药对新生儿Apgar评分影响甚少。