孙建芝治疗心系疾病的临床用药规律探讨

目的:探讨和总结孙建芝教授治疗心系疾病的临床用药规律。方法:以“孙建芝”等为检索词,系统检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI,1992年1月~2017年12月)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP,1989年1月~2017年12月)、万方数据库(1990年1月~2017年12月)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM,1978年1月~2017年12月),搜集其治疗心系疾病医案文章,并采用SPSS19.0统计分析软件对其临床常用中药进行聚类分析。结果:筛选的138个处方中最常用药物依次为丹参、川芎、甘草、桂枝、红花、茯苓、赤芍、红参。结论:孙建芝教授临证治疗心系疾病重视血瘀理论,善用活血化瘀法且不拘一法,体现了治疗心系疾病的“瘀血学说”理论和擅长运用活血化瘀法于心系疾病领域的学术思想,聚类分析结果客观反映其临床用药规律。     

Three opportunities for standardization: A literature review of the variation among pharmacists’ patient care services terminology

BackgroundVariation describing pharmacists’ patient care services exist, and this variation contributes to the prevalent misunderstanding of pharmacists' roles. In contrast, standard phraseology is a critical practice among highly reliable organizations and a way to reduce variation and confusion.ObjectiveThis work aims to identify and define pharmacists’ patient care service terms to identify redundancies and opportunities for standardization.MethodsBetween May to August 2018, terms and definitions were searched via PubMed, Google Scholar and statements/policies of professional pharmacy organizations. Two references per term were sought to provide an “early definition” and a “contemporary definition.” Only literature published in English was included, and data gathered from each citation included the date published, the term's definition, and characterization of the reference's source as either a regulatory or professional body. A five-person expert panel used an iterative technique to revise and verify the list of included terms and subsequent literature review results. Terms were then searched in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Heading Database (MeSH) in July, 2019.ResultsThere are fifteen commonly misunderstood terms that refer to the patient care services provided by pharmacists. The appearance of these terms in the literature spanned nearly five decades. Nearly half of terms appeared first in regulatory, law or policy documents; of these, two terms had contemporary definitions appearing in the professional literature that differed from their early regulatory definition. Three opportunities to improve standardization include: (1) Implementation of standardized phraseology systems similar to nursing's Clinical Care Classification System; (2) Academics' adherence to standardized MeSH terms; and (3) Clarification of pharmacy education accreditation standards.ConclusionNumerous terms are used to describe pharmacists' patient care services, with many definitions of terms overlapping in several key components. The profession has made concerted efforts to consolidate and standardize terminology in the past, but more opportunities exist.     

新型冠状病毒与脑血管病的关系

自2019年12月起,2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19,又称新型冠状病毒肺炎)首先在武汉被发现,随后该病迅速蔓延至全国乃至其他国家。该病具有传播广、死亡及重症率高的特点,影响深远,引起国内外的广泛重视。而脑血管病同样为我国人群主要的慢性疾病,每年也可造成一定的死亡及致残风险。COVID-19的发病机制与脑血管病的危险因素以及脑血管病本身都有很密切的关系,易合并存在,引发院内感染。笔者根据COVID-19现有的资料结合以往相关疾病的临床经验对新型冠状病毒与脑血管疾病的关系做一归纳,以求更好地指导临床个体化诊疗。     

赵宗江教授运用益肾解毒化瘀方治疗慢性肾脏病32例经验总结

目的 探讨赵宗江教授运用益肾解毒化瘀方治疗慢性肾脏病（Chronic Kidney Disease CKD）32例 患者的经验和临床疗效。方法 收集CKD肺肾气虚，瘀毒内阻型患者共32例，疗程为6个月和1年，对其治疗 前后的中医症状积分及疗效指标的变化进行对比分析，评估其肾功能及临床症状改善情况。结果 32例患 者经中医疗效评定，6个月疗程后显效者8例，有效者23例，无效者1例；1年疗程后临床痊愈者11例，显效者 18例，有效者3例。综合疗效评定6个月疗程后临床控制者4例，显效者24例，有效者4例；1年疗程后临床 控制者 17 例，显效者 15 例。且益肾解毒化瘀方对 24 h 尿蛋白定量、血肌酐及血尿酸的升高均有改善作用 （P < 0.05）。结论 益肾解毒化瘀方治疗CKD中医辨证属肺肾气虚，瘀毒内阻者，可明显降低患者的蛋白尿、 血肌酐和血尿酸水平，维持并改善肾功能，缓解临床症状，提高生活质量。     

基于中医传承辅助平台挖掘中药复方专利中治疗抑郁的用药规律＊

目的 通过挖掘中药复方专利中治疗抑郁的用药规律，为中药新方研发和临床应用提供参考。方法 登录中国专利公布公告网站，检索治疗抑郁的中药复方专利数据，采用中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）建立数据库，并对其进行频次统计、关联规则、复杂网络及熵层次聚类分析。结果 纳入2003年－2018年治疗抑郁的中药复方专利343项，涉及药物685味，最常用单味药为柴胡，高频药物归经以心、肝两经为主，功效多为安神、补气、活血、理气；最常用药对为白芍-柴胡，最常用角药为当归-白芍-柴胡；置信度最高的关联规则为“甘草，当归，茯苓→柴胡”；核心药物为柴胡、白芍、郁金、茯苓、甘草等; 熵层次聚类分析得到核心组合20个，新处方10首。结论 治疗抑郁的中药复方专利中常见证型为“肝郁脾虚证”，以疏肝解郁健脾为主要治则，同时根据症状辅以安神、益气、理气、活血、燥湿、清热等治法，多以逍遥散为基础方，常配伍心、肝两经药。     

Community pharmacists’ interventions and documentation during medication therapy management encounters delivered face-to-face versus via telephone: The devil is in the details

BackgroundTo date, no studies are available comparing in-person versus telephone-administered medication therapy management (MTM) encounters in a community pharmacy setting with respect to medication-related problems, interventions and documentation.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate types of medication-related problems, interventions, and documentation among patients receiving MTM face-to-face versus over the telephone.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on all completed comprehensive medication reviews (CMR) between 2011 and 2017 in 14 community pharmacies in Western Massachusetts, USA that belong to one district of a national chain. Medication-related problems were classified as: Beers criteria medications, untreated condition, dose too high or low, medication omission, duplicate therapy, drug-drug interaction, non-adherence, complicated dosing. Pharmacist's interventions were classified as education, medication reconciliation, and vaccination. Documentation of assessment, plan, discussion notes, and recommendations were evaluated as being present or absent.ResultsIn total, 297 encounters (56.5% were over the telephone) were included in the analysis. There was no significant differences between clinical and demographic characteristics and types of medication-related problems and pharmacist interventions among patients who received face-to-face versus telephone MTM service. Assessment was documented among 28% of face-to-face and 42% of telephone CMR encounters (p < 0.05). Plan was documented among 27% of face-to-face and 40% of telephone CMR encounters (p < 0.05). Discussion notes were documented among 97% of face-to-face and 98% of telephone CMR encounters (p > 0.05). Pharmacist recommendations were documented among 92% of face-to-face and 95% of telephone CMR encounters (p > 0.05).ConclusionsPharmacists identify medication-related problems and provide education and medication reconciliation interventions independent of the mode of delivery. The overall low frequency of assessment and plan documentation raises concerns. It is imperative for pharmacists to document both instances of provider outreach and follow-up to ascertain resolutions of patients’ medication-related problems.