胼胝体压部局灶性非占位性病变的MRI诊断与鉴别

目的:总结胼胝体压部(SCC)非占位性病变的MRI特点。方法:回顾性分析29例SCC非占位病变的MRI及临床特点。结果:脑白质病(n=13)中11例MRI呈弥漫均匀形SCC灶,2例为边缘薄带形SCC灶,脑内病灶均为均匀、连续、对称分布,4例MRI复查未见明显变化。水肿性病变(n=11)中10例MRI表现为SCC弥漫不均匀病灶、1例为居中类圆形病灶,颅内病灶呈跳跃不对称分布,5例MRI复查病灶消失。3例脑梗塞SCC及脑内病灶呈偏侧分布,脑内散在病灶以患侧较多。2例SCC出血,SCC病灶弥漫不均匀,并见脑室内出血。结论:SCC非占位病变的影像及临床特点有助于鉴别诊断及预后判断,海络因吸入性脑病(LHVI)中SCC病灶的形态能反映病变的程度和范围。     

足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的MRI研究

目的：通过对足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）的ＭＲＩ分析,找出ＨＩＥ的ＭＲＩ特点。材料和方法：对４５例临床确诊为ＨＩＥ的足月新生儿行ＭＲ检查。采用０．３５Ｔ磁共振仪,选自旋回波序列（ＳＥ）,在Ｔ１ＷＩ及Ｔ２ＷＩ上对脑皮层及皮层下白质,深部白质;基底节及丘脑;脑室及蛛网膜下腔等部位进行观察。结果：在Ｔ１ＷＩ上见皮层沿脑回分布点的及条状高信号,深部白质沿侧室壁的条状高信号,基底节及丘脑高信号,幕上及幕下蛛网膜下腔出血呈现的高信号,其发生率分别为８４．４４％,３７．７８％,４２．２２％,１３．３３％与４８．８９％。此外,额叶深部白质内对称的点状高信号也相当特殊,发生率４４．４４％,其它改变有皮层下坏死软化,占２０％,脑室内出血占８．８９％。结论：本文主要描述了足月新生儿ＨＩＥ的ＭＲＩ特点并对其相关的病理基础进行探讨。     

新生儿胆红素脑病23例临床分析

１９９５年１月－１９９７年１２月仅三年收治新生儿胆红素脑病２３例,有增长趋势,引起胆红素脑病的病因依次是溶血（６５．２％）低体重（５６．５％）,感染（４７．８％）特别提出必须重视对体重〈２．５ｋｇ,低于胎龄儿生后一周内的管理,医学教育上应把新生儿黄疸,胆红素脑病作为必,必考的课程,对其层从事内儿科,妇产科的医务人员也要进行有关的继续教育。     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的诱发电位、CT和脑电图研究

目的：研究急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病（ＤＥＡＣＭＰ）患者的诱发电位（ＥＰ）、ＣＴ和脑电图（ＥＥＧ）。方法：对４６例ＤＥＡＣＭＰ患者进行ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ检查。结果：异常率体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）８３％、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）６３％，脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）３０％，ＣＴ７１％，ＥＥＧ１００％。ＳＥＰ中的Ｐ４０、Ｎ５０、Ｐ６０和Ｎ７５峰潜伏期（ＰＬ）比正常对照组显著延长。ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００ＰＬ较对照组明显延长。ＢＡＥＰ的Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ波ＰＬ及Ⅰ—Ⅲ、Ⅲ—Ⅴ和Ⅰ—Ⅴ峰间期（ＩＰＬ）与对照组比较无显著性差异。结论：ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ结合临床观察，对ＤＥＡＣＭＰ的定位诊断、病情判断与预后评估均有意义。     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病患者的脑电地形图分析

目的　探讨脑电地形图 ( BEAM)对急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病 ( DEACMP)患者的应用价值。方法　对 40例DEACMP患者进行 BEAM检查。结果　 BEAM异常率 1 0 0 % ,主要改变为 δ频带功率增高 (多在额颞区 ) ,θ频带功率减弱 ,其异常程度与痴呆程度基本一致。结论　BEAM可以反映 DEACMP患者的脑功能状况 ,为病情判断及预后评估提供依据     

Fatal CNS vasculopathy in a patient with refractory celiac disease and lymph node cavitation

Celiac disease is an enteropathy occurring in genetically predisposed individuals due to a dietary intolerance to gluten. Patients with celiac disease may develop a neurological disorder of unknown cause, although autoimmune mechanisms are suspected. We report on a 56-year-old man with celiac disease, who became refractory to a gluten-free diet and died of a rapidly progressive encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated focal lesions of the cerebellum and brainstem, and electrodiagnostic studies suggested an axonal neuropathy. Autopsy revealed a flattened small-bowel mucosa with intraepithelial lymphocytosis, a spectrum of degenerative changes of the intra-abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes, including cavitary degeneration, and splenomegaly. Histologically, the lymph nodes showed pseudocyst formation and lymphocytic vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis, and sections of the brain exhibited fibrinoid degeneration of small blood vessels, sparse perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, and perivascular ischemic lesions. Identical T-cell clones were identified in the duodenum, stomach, lymph nodes, and spleen. This patient had an unusual neurological disorder related to a vasculopathy, probably mediated by a circulating neoplastic clone of activated T cells.     

The science of vaccine safety: Summary of meeting at Wellcome Trust

Vaccines are everywhere hugely successful but are also under attack. The reason for the latter is the perception by some people that vaccines are unsafe. However that may be, vaccine safety, life any other scientific subject, must be constantly studied. It was from this point of view that a meeting was organized at the Wellcome Trust in London in May 2019 to assess some aspects of vaccine safety as subjects for scientific study. The objective of the meeting was to assess what is known beyond reasonable doubt and conversely what areas need additional studies. Although the meeting could not cover all aspects of vaccine safety science, many of the most important issues were addressed by a group of about 30 experts to determine what is already known and what additional studies are merited to assess the safety of the vaccines currently in use. The meeting began with reviews of the current situation in different parts of the world, followed by reviews of specific controversial areas, including the incidence of certain conditions after vaccination and the safety of certain vaccine components. Lastly, information about the human papillomavirus vaccine was considered because its safety has been particularly challenged by vaccine opponents. The following is a summary of the meeting findings. In addition to this summary, the meeting organizers will explore opportunities to perform studies that would enlarge knowledge of vaccine safety.     

46例CO中毒脑病病例脑部MRI影像特征及ADC值分析

目的探讨急性一氧化碳中毒(ACOP)脑病患者脑部MRI影像特征及弥散加权成像表观弥散系数(ADC)值分析的临床价值。方法回顾性分析46例急性CO中毒迟发性脑病(DEACMP)患者(观察组)及30例健康志愿者(对照组)脑部MRI影像及临床资料,分析其影像特征。对比两组受试者皮质区、半卵圆中心区、侧脑室周围白质区、苍白球区等相同部位的ADC平均值差异。结果 46例观察组受试者中15例(32.6%)MRI影像表现正常(无重度ACOP者,轻度14例、中度1例);剩余31例受试者头颅MRI影像可见异常信号,其中大脑皮质区受累2例,双侧顶叶皮质区可见T1WI对称性低信号、T2WI及DWI呈对称性高信号;双侧苍白球区异常信号者19例,表现为对称性长T1、长T2信号,呈现典型的"熊猫眼"特征;双侧脑白质区异常信号者10例,MRI图像可见对称分布的斑片状异常信号影,T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,脑沟及脑裂均未见异常。观察组皮质区、半卵圆中心区、侧脑室周围白质区、苍白球区等部位ADC平均值均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MRI在DEACMP的临床诊断中具有明显的影像特征,联合ADC值评估可有效提高诊断准确性,为后续诊疗工作的顺利开展提供条件。     

1H-MR S联合磁共振弥散张量成像诊断HIE患儿的临床效果分析

目的：探讨HIE患儿应用1H-MRS联合DTI诊断临床价值。方法选取本院90例HIE患儿作为本次研究观察组,另选取同期正常分娩的90例健康新生儿为研究对照组。两组均采用1H-MRS及DTI扫描检查,并比较两组影像学图像,测定两组胆碱复合物(Cho)、N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸复合物(Cr)、乳酸(LAC)、肌醇(MI)、谷氨酸及谷氨酰胺(Glu-Gln)等代谢产物,然后进行比较。结果经检查发现,其中对照组未见DTI异常信号;观察组中,采用DTI检出HIE者为76例,诊断准确率为84.4%明显高于普通MRI检出39例,占43.3%,具有统计学意义,P＜0.05。观察组患儿NAA/Cr明显低于对照组,而Cho/Cr、MI/Cr及Clu+Cln/Cr、Lac/Cr明显高于对照组,差异具有显著性,P＜0.05。结论临床应用DTI可于HIE早期检测中有效显示其病灶范围及数目,同时采用1H-MRS可无创地测量患儿脑部组织缺氧、缺血过程中所产生的代谢产物,两者结合可提高患儿临床诊断准确性,为患者预后评估提供有力价值。     

Post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in children during an epidemic of Shigella dysentery in Kwazulu/Natal

We report 81 of 107 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), admitted between July 1994 and February 1996, following an outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery in Kwazulu/Natal. All patients, excluding 1, were black with a mean age of 38 months (range 1 – 121); 50 (61.7%) were males. The mean duration of dysentery was 11.3 days (range 1 – 41) and HUS 15 days (range 1 – 91). Most patients had acute oliguric renal failure (90.1%); 42 (51.6%) required peritoneal dialysis. Complications included encephalopathy 30 (37.0%), convulsions 12 (14.8%) and hemiplegia 2 (2.3%), gastrointestinal perforation 8 (9.9%), protein losing enteropathy 26 (32.1%), toxic megacolon 4 (4.9%), rectal prolapse 5 (6.2%), hepatitis 11 (13.6%), myocarditis 5 (6.2%), congestive cardiac failure 3 (3.7%), cardiomyopathy 3 (3.7%), infective endocarditis 1 (1.2%), septicemia 15 (18.5%), disseminated intravascular coagulation 17 (21%). Leukemoid reactions were found in 74 (91.3%) patients, hyponatremia in 56 (69.1%), and hypoalbuminemia in 67 (82.7%). Stool culture for Shigella dysenteriae type I was positive in only 7 (8.6%) patients; Shiga toxin assays were not performed. Outcome was as follows: recovery 32 (39.5%), impaired renal function 8 (9.9%), chronic renal failure 26 (32.1%), end-stage renal disease 1 (1.2%), and death 14 (17.3%) patients. Received November 26, 1996; received in revised form and accepted April 15, 1997