新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病MRI分度诊断及相关性分析

目的：探讨MRI对新生儿HIE分度诊断价值。方法通过对比分析123例HIE患儿临床资料与颅脑MRI征象及其关系,并进行统计分析。结果123例新生儿HIE,临床分度与MRI分度诊断符合率分别为轻度89.47%,中度58.62%,重度55.3%,总符合率66.6%。临床分度诊断与MRI分度诊断有较好的一致性(P<0.01,Kappa值为0.509)。结论根据HIE患儿MRI征象分度诊断,可为临床治疗提供参考依据。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床与CT诊断价值

目的：探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的CT改变及诊断价值。方法对45例缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的临床及CT影像资料进行回顾分析。结果 CT能够清楚显示颅脑缺氧缺血后引起的脑实质改变,病变累及范围及程度,以及颅内出血、畸形等。结论运用CT检查技术,能够明显提高临床对HIE诊断的准确率,并对脑水肿、梗死及颅内出血的部位、范围及类型都具有明确的诊断价值,对HIE预后有着十分重要的临床意义。     

MRI与CT用于临床脑后部可逆性脑病综合征的诊断价值分析

目的探讨脑后部可逆性脑病综合征CT及MRI影像学表现,为该病临床准确诊断提供参考。方法回顾性分析我院2010年8月-2014年10月期间所收治的8例脑后部可逆性脑病综合征患者临床CT及MRI影像学资料。结果经分析发现,4例患者MRI影像表现为:双侧顶枕叶基本对称分布,斑片状长T1长T2信号,T2FLAIR呈现为高信号。而DWI则主要呈等信号,增强扫描无明显强化。4例患者临床CT表现:其双侧大脑后循环供血区表现为斑片状、低密度区。结论临床应用MRI及CT检查可为脑后部可逆性脑病综合征诊断提供一定参考依据,从而提高临床诊断准确性,有利于临床疾病诊断、治疗及预后判断。     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的诱发电位、CT和脑电图研究

目的：研究急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病（ＤＥＡＣＭＰ）患者的诱发电位（ＥＰ）、ＣＴ和脑电图（ＥＥＧ）。方法：对４６例ＤＥＡＣＭＰ患者进行ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ检查。结果：异常率体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）８３％、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）６３％，脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）３０％，ＣＴ７１％，ＥＥＧ１００％。ＳＥＰ中的Ｐ４０、Ｎ５０、Ｐ６０和Ｎ７５峰潜伏期（ＰＬ）比正常对照组显著延长。ＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００ＰＬ较对照组明显延长。ＢＡＥＰ的Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ波ＰＬ及Ⅰ—Ⅲ、Ⅲ—Ⅴ和Ⅰ—Ⅴ峰间期（ＩＰＬ）与对照组比较无显著性差异。结论：ＥＰ、ＣＴ和ＥＥＧ结合临床观察，对ＤＥＡＣＭＰ的定位诊断、病情判断与预后评估均有意义。     

Clinical identification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors: insights for intensivists

Background A growing body of research has demonstrated the presence of ongoing cognitive impairment in large numbers of ICU survivors.Objective This review offers a practical framework for practicing intensivists and those following patients after their ICU stay for the identification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors.Conclusions Early detection of cognitive impairment in critically ill patients is an important and achievable goal, but overt cognitive impairment remains unrecognized in most cases. However, it can be identified by objective (test scores) or subjective evidence (clinical judgment, patient observation, family interaction).     

新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的CT评价

目的：分析新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的CT表现，提高CT诊断的准确性。材料与方法：对有围产期窒息史，且有临床症状的55例缺血缺氧性脑病病例进行CT扫描，将其CT表现特征进行归纳，并作临床分度和CT分度。结果：所有病例均出现了低密度灶（18Hu），蛛网膜下腔出血是最常见的并发症。CT分度与临床表现有一定差异性。结论：CT是HIE的最佳检查方法，及时检查对明确诊断及治疗具有十分积极的临床指导意义。     

Common blood laboratory values are associated with cognition among older inpatients referred for neuropsychological testing

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between common laboratory values and cognitive functioning among 129 inpatients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Laboratory values were recorded at admission, at the time point closest to neuropsychological evaluation, and at the time of peak metabolic derangement. Cognitive status was evaluated with the modified Mini-Mental State Exam. Patients with hyperglycemia, hypochloremia, and/or elevated creatinine at admission exhibited cognitive deficits. Patients with hyperglycemia, hyperchloremia, hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, leukocytosis, low hemoglobin, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and/or elevated creatinine at the time of peak metabolic derangement exhibited cognitive deficits. Different lab abnormalities at the time of peak metabolic derangement accounted for unique patterns of neuropsychological impairment. Lab values drawn at the time point closest to neuropsychological evaluation were not significantly associated with cognitive functioning. Results support and quantify common clinical beliefs that metabolic abnormalities are associated with global cognitive changes among elderly inpatients.     

Serum soluble CD163 levels in patients with influenza-associated encephalopathy

Background: Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IE) is a serious complication during influenza viral infection. Common clinical symptoms of IE include seizures and progressive coma with high-grade fever. We previously reported that hypercytokinemia and monocyte/macrophage activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IE. CD163 is a scavenger receptor for hemoglobin–haptoglobin complexes and is expressed by monocytes/macrophages. Proteolytic cleavage of monocyte-bound CD163 by matrix metalloproteinases releases soluble CD163 (sCD163). However, there have been no reports regarding serum sCD163 levels in IE patients. Methods: We measured serum levels of sCD163 as a marker of monocyte/macrophage activation in IE patients with poor outcomes, those without neurological sequelae, influenza patients without IE, and control subjects. Results: Serum sCD163 levels were significantly higher in IE patients with poor outcomes than in those without neurological sequelae. In particular, sCD163 levels in cases of death were significantly higher than those in other cases. Conclusions: Our results suggest that monocyte/macrophage activation is related to the pathogenesis of severe IE.     

早产儿脑病研究进展

早产儿脑病是复杂的原发性脑损伤和继发性脑发育异常疾病.过去几年对该病有了较为深刻的认识,该文就最新的有关早产儿脑病概念演变,脑损伤后的细胞分子机制和损伤后发育障碍,尤其是活化小胶质细胞介导的少突胶质细胞损伤机制、神经/髓鞘受损和丘脑、板层下神经元及大脑皮层的受损机制或发育成熟障碍进行综述,以便对该病有更深刻的认识.     

Encephalopathy and psychosis following administration of the combined oral contraceptive pill in an 11-year-old female

We report herein the first case of psychosis after short-term use of the combined oral contraceptive (COC) pill in a young patient with no previous psychiatric history. An 11-year-old girl was placed on the COC pill for treatment of menorrhagia, 5 months after her menarche. She developed an initial encephalopathy, which progressed to psychosis. The estrogenic component of the COC pill is the most likely cause of this psychosis. COC pills should be used with caution in patients with an already high estrogenic state as occurs near menarche.