乙肝疫苗母-婴阻断失败者病毒全基因变异分析

Objective To determine the factors responsible for failed postnatal immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B virus(HBV) in Qidong, China. Methods Eleven children who developed into chronic HBV infection after receiving HBIG and HBV recombinant vaccines were recruited into the study. Eleven paired mothers with chronic hepatitis and other 6 mothers whose children successfully generated anti-HBs after im-munoprophylaxis were included as the control in the study. Full-length HBV DNA was amplified through ser-um sample by PCR method and underwent cloning and sequencing. HBV DNA level was quantified by real-time PCR. Results The mean levels of HBV DNA in mothers who had HBV DNA positive children and healthy children were ( 1.2 ×107± 3.1 × 106 ) copies/ml and ( 1.6× 107±8.8×106 ) copies/ml, respec-tively. There was no significant difference between the groups (P >0.05). Meanwhile, viral load in chil-dren was unrelated to that in their mothers (r2 =0.2429). In 11 HBV DNA positive children, 4(36.4% ) demonstrated amino acid substitutions in HBsAg "a" determinant region with 6 different types, I.e. T125A, I126T, Q129H, M133V, D144V and G145A. All of the mothers showed the wild-type sequence in "a" epitope, indicating surface escape mutants were not acquired from the initial infection, but developed under the immune pressure. The mutation rates after immunoprophylaxis for preS1, preS2, S, X, preC/C and P genes were 0.38%, 0. 22%, 0.27%, 0.17%, 0.11%, and 0.11%, respectively, nt2999-3157 in preS1, nt529-677 in S, nt1955-2016 in C, nt923-1001 and nt2489-2602 in P genes were among the hottest muta-tional spots throughout the HBV genome. Conclusion HBV mutation may occur in all the open readingframes after passive and active immunoprophylaxis. In addition to S gene, HBV preS and P genes could alsoassociate with the escape mutants.     

乙肝疫苗母-婴阻断失败者病毒全基因变异分析

Objective To determine the factors responsible for failed postnatal immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B virus(HBV) in Qidong, China. Methods Eleven children who developed into chronic HBV infection after receiving HBIG and HBV recombinant vaccines were recruited into the study. Eleven paired mothers with chronic hepatitis and other 6 mothers whose children successfully generated anti-HBs after im-munoprophylaxis were included as the control in the study. Full-length HBV DNA was amplified through ser-um sample by PCR method and underwent cloning and sequencing. HBV DNA level was quantified by real-time PCR. Results The mean levels of HBV DNA in mothers who had HBV DNA positive children and healthy children were ( 1.2 ×107± 3.1 × 106 ) copies/ml and ( 1.6× 107±8.8×106 ) copies/ml, respec-tively. There was no significant difference between the groups (P >0.05). Meanwhile, viral load in chil-dren was unrelated to that in their mothers (r2 =0.2429). In 11 HBV DNA positive children, 4(36.4% ) demonstrated amino acid substitutions in HBsAg "a" determinant region with 6 different types, I.e. T125A, I126T, Q129H, M133V, D144V and G145A. All of the mothers showed the wild-type sequence in "a" epitope, indicating surface escape mutants were not acquired from the initial infection, but developed under the immune pressure. The mutation rates after immunoprophylaxis for preS1, preS2, S, X, preC/C and P genes were 0.38%, 0. 22%, 0.27%, 0.17%, 0.11%, and 0.11%, respectively, nt2999-3157 in preS1, nt529-677 in S, nt1955-2016 in C, nt923-1001 and nt2489-2602 in P genes were among the hottest muta-tional spots throughout the HBV genome. Conclusion HBV mutation may occur in all the open readingframes after passive and active immunoprophylaxis. In addition to S gene, HBV preS and P genes could alsoassociate with the escape mutants.     

少突胶质前体细胞在青老年大鼠慢性脑灌注不足中的活化改变

目的观察少突胶质前体细胞(oligodendrocyte progenitor cells,OPC)在大鼠慢性脑缺血损害中反应性变化及老化对此过程的影响。方法分别在青年(3个月龄)与老年(24个月龄)大鼠慢性灌注不足模型中,运用免疫组化方法检测NG2抗体标记的阳性OPC在灌注不足2周、1个月和3个月后形态数量及分布等改变。结果慢性灌注不足大鼠脑内存在NG2标记的免疫组化染色的阳性OPC明显反应性增生,与非缺血青老年对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),在皮质、皮质下、海马、胼胝体及室下区等处均有分布,以皮质下接近白质区域以及海马齿状回最为显著,2周、1个月最为明显,但于灌注不足后青年大鼠脑内NG2标记的免疫组化染色的阳性OPC染色强度和数量仍高于老年组(P<0.05)。结论慢性灌注不足过程中脑内OPC具有明显增殖活化,其反应性受月龄因素影响,并可能为慢性脑缺血损伤后的一种代偿适应或修复机制。     

游戏男友

Apple说，她的男朋友整天沉迷在网络游戏里，已经25岁的人了，还对游戏那么痴狂，以后的日子要怎么过呢？她现在已经搞不清楚他们之间是不是还有爱情？如果有，是虚拟世界里的真实，还是真实世界里的虚幻？     

抗AFPMcAb在诊断肝癌中的应用——附三种检测方法的比较

AFP测定是目前肝癌诊断中特异性较强、敏感性较高、简便易行的一项血清学指标。为适应肝癌高发现场研究的需要,我们应用杂交瘤技术获得了一株能分泌 AFPMcAb 的杂交瘤细胞株6D_2。将此 McAb 以 ELISA 法用于肝癌的临床诊断,并与多克隆抗体放射免疫(放免法)和放射免疫火箭电泳自显影(火箭法)作比较,结果分析如下。     

上海市药品零售企业依法监管与科学发展关键要素的探讨

本研究结合上海市药品零售企业的发展现状,探讨了关于药店开办的合理布局、GSP的证后监管、执业药师的在店执业、药店连锁经营的管理以及开展药学服务等药品零售企业监督管理方面存在的主要问题,探索依法监管和科学发展的创新之路,为上海市的药品零售企业监督管理提出思考和建议。     

梦到暗恋者偷拍我的照片

说梦人：小猫,女,26岁,教师好像又回到了学生时代,在操场的司令台上,我捡到了一本相册。一看就知道是本私人相册,因为好奇,我就打开看了，发现里面竟然全是我的照片，有侧面，有走路，有仰头看天空的，有睡觉的，有哭的，有笑的……     

揭开学生力不从心之谜

笔者在心理咨询中常常与来访的学生和家长说，对于上进心很强，学习成绩忧秀的学生不急需我们的帮助．对于完全没有上进要求．学习又很差的学生不在我们的帮助范围：而对于有一定的上进愿望，但总是处于心有余而力不足的状态，学习成绩落后或明显退步的学生我们可以考虑从专业的心理领域给予一些有效的支持和处理。     

上海市北新泾社区老年人群防盲工作的实践与探讨

老年人始终是防盲工作的主体人群。由于经济、地理和人口因素各不相同,国内不同地区的老年人群防盲工作策略也不尽相同。1995年起,我们在上海市长宁区北新泾社区卫生服务中心(现上海市长宁区北新泾地段医院)进行了上海市北新泾街道的老年人群防盲保健工作,现已初步取得成效,报道如下。     

急诊休克病人34例救治分析

休克是由多种原因引起的急性循环功能不全,导致器官尤其是重要器官的灌注下降,供血不足,造成严重缺血、缺氧、代谢障碍,细胞受损,全身微循环障碍,组织器官功能紊乱的一种病理状态。分为低血容量性休克、感染性休克、心源性休克、过敏性休克和神经源性休克,其特征为迅速发生的表情呆滞或烦躁不安,四肢无力,皮肤湿冷、苍白,脉细而快,血压下降,收缩压在10.7kPa(80mmHg)以下。因此,急诊科医务人员迅速判断,有效救治休克病人的意义不言而喻,本文总结临床34例休克病人救治经过,发现有效救治休克病人的程序为抢救-诊断-治疗。1资料34例休克病人均…