医德医风监督管理系统的研究与应用

为建立医院医德医风长效机制,改变过去由人工调查方式,利用网络信息技术为支撑,构建以病人为中心的两级医德医风监督管理信息平台,有效解决针对各类病人及医院工作人员对医德医风意见的反馈和综合评价,具有重要意义。     

差异化死亡教育对养老院老年人不良死亡态度的影响

目的探讨死亡教育对养老院老年人死亡观及生命意义感的影响。方法采用量性与质性相结合的方法,对养老院57位老年人进行3个月的死亡教育干预,并对其干预前后不同的死亡态度观、生命生意感等指标进行比较。结果干预前后正、负向死亡态度人数差异显著(P<0.01),生命意义感总分及3个维度各条目均分差异均显著(P<0.01,P<0.05),死亡态度观总分及各维度条目均分差异均显著(P<0.01)。结论死亡教育有助于改善养老院老年人对死亡的不良认知及行为,提高其生命意义感,改善其生存质量。     

瑞舒伐他汀合DTIs对缺血性脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的:观察瑞舒伐他汀联合直接凝血酶抑制剂(DTIs)对缺血性脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者微栓子信号的影响。方法:选取2014年1月~2017年3月我院收治的146例缺血性脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组73例。研究组给予瑞舒伐他汀联合DTIs型抗凝药物治疗,对照组仅给予瑞舒伐他汀治疗。治疗前(T1)和治疗14 d后(T2)检测患者的微栓子信号(MES)数量、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平和脂蛋白相关磷脂酶(Lp-PLA2)水平,并采用爱丁堡-斯堪的那维亚卒中量表(MESSS)评估患者的神经功能,采用改良Barthel指数评定量表(MBI)评估患者的日常活动能力。结果:T2时两组患者的MES数量、hs-CRP水平、Lp-PLA2水平和MESSS评分均较T1时降低,MBI评分则均较T1时升高,且研究组的变化幅度大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:瑞舒伐他汀联合DTIs可显著改善缺血性脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者的粥样斑块状态、神经功能和日常活动能力,可改善患者预后。     

根除幽门螺杆菌对消化性溃疡合并胃炎及胃泌素的影响

目的 :评估胃舒散联合呋喃唑酮、阿莫西林对消化性溃疡 (PU)患者Hp根除的效果及其对溃疡合并胃炎、血清胃泌素(Gas)的影响。方法 :77例Hp阳性十二指肠溃疡组 (DU ,52例 )和胃溃疡组 (GU ,2 5例 )患者 ,均服用胃舒散 2 .0g(含铋 0 .1 2g) ,呋喃唑酮0 .1g,阿莫西林 0 .5g ,各 3次 /d ,2周后再继服胃舒散 4周。治疗前及疗程结束 1月后进行内镜检查并对胃窦、胃体胃炎予以内镜下评分。采用放射免疫法于治疗前及结束 1月、6月后检测胃泌素水平。结果 :DU组与GU组溃疡愈合率分别为 1 0 0 %和 92 % ,Hp根除率分别为 90 .3 %和 84.0 % ,二组比较差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5)。将根除Hp的 47例DU和 2 1例GU患者分为 2组 ,治疗前 2组胃窦胃炎的评分差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ;GU组胃体胃炎的评分显著高于DU组 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;血浆中胃泌素含量 (DU组 39.4± 1 3 .6pg/ml;GU组38.4± 1 2 .3pg/ml)均显著高于正常对照值 (2 8.5± 1 0 .6pg/ml,P <0 .0 5)。Hp根除 1月后 ,2组患者胃窦胃炎与胃体胃炎的评分均显著下降 ,与治疗前自身比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (均P <0 .0 0 1 )。DU组Hp根除治疗 1月后 ,胃泌素水平显著下降到 32 .7± 1 0 .5pg/ml (P <0 .0 5)。GU组Hp根除 1月后 ,胃泌素水平有所下降 ,但与治疗前相比 ,差     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

甲泼尼龙对慢性咳嗽患者诱导痰巨噬细胞中Toll样受体2表达的影响

目的 探讨Toll样受体2(TLR2)在慢性咳嗽患者诱导痰巨噬细胞中的表达与气道炎症的关系以及甲泼尼龙对TLR2表达的影响.方法 收集2008年9月至2010年3月泸州医学院附属医院呼吸科门诊的慢性咳嗽患者86例,其中咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)组31例,上气道咳嗽综合征(UACS)组14例,嗜酸细胞性支气管炎(EB)组16例,胃食管反流性咳嗽(GERC)组25例.对照组为20名健康志愿者.各组均行痰液诱导检查,HE染色,免疫荧光染色测定TLR2表达,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定诱导痰上清液中细胞因子的浓度.结果 (1)CVA、UACS、EB和GERC各组患者诱导痰中细胞总数[分别为(3.4±1.1)×106/L、(2.6±0.6)×106/L、(2.6±0.6)×106/L、(2.7±0.5)×106/L]均明显高于对照组[(1.4±0.6)×106/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);分类计数显示以上4组痰中巨噬细胞比例(分别为0.35±0.04、0.40±0.06、0.38±0.04、0.43±0.05)均明显低于对照组(0.63±0.08);中性粒细胞比例(分别为0.52±0.06、0.58±0.06、0.52±0.04、0.54±0.06)明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).CVA和EB组患者嗜酸细胞比例(分别为0.115±0.054和0.099±0.034)明显高于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.18,P＞0.05).(2)CVA、UACS、EB和GERC各组患者诱导痰上清液白细胞介素-8浓度[分别为(7.0±1.2)μg/L、(10.2±3.1)μg/L、(6.3±1.9)μg/L、(7.7±2.5)μg/L]和肿瘤坏死因子-α浓度[分别为(30±11)ng/L、(46±16)ng/L、(2l±5)ng/L、(33±15)ng/L]明显高于对照组[分别为(1.6±0.8)μg/L和(13±6)ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).(3)CVA、UACS、EB和GERC各组患者诱导痰上清液中白细胞介素-8与痰中中性粒细胞数呈正相关(r值分别为0.628、0.816、0.769、0.733,均P＜0.05);CVA、UACS、EB和GERC各组患者诱导痰上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α与痰中中性粒细胞数呈正相关(r值分别为0.579、0.865、0.730、0.755,均P＜0.05).(4)CVA、UACS、EB和GERC各组患者诱导痰巨噬细胞TLR2表达量(56±15、38±7、65±17、27±4)明显低于对照组(135±14),甲泼尼龙可上调以上各组患者诱导痰巨噬细胞中TLR2(75±17、53.29±16、94±30、41±5)的表达.结论 CVA、UACS、EB和GERC等慢性咳嗽患者诱导痰巨噬细胞中TLR2的表达下降,甲泼尼龙可上调巨噬细胞TLR2的表达.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between airway inflammation and Toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR2 ) expression on macrophages in induced sputum from chronic cough patients, and to observe the effect of methylprednisolone on this receptor. Methods Eighty-six outpatients with chronic cough were enrolled in this study from the respiratory department in the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from September 2008 to March 2010. These diseases were diagnosed according to the guideline of Chinese Society of Respiratory Diseases in 2005, excluding severe liver, heart and kidney pathology and pregnant women. Among 86 cases, 31 were cough variant asthma ( CVA), 14 upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), 16 eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) and 25 gastroesophageal reflux (GERC). Twenty healthy volunteers were included as controls. Induced sputum was collected and cell counts were analyzed. TLR2 expression on macrophages was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Cytokine levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) The total inflammatory cells [(3.4±1.1) ×106/L, (2.6 ±0.6)×106/L, (2.6±0.6)×106/L, (2.7±0.5) × 106/L] and neutrophils (0.52±0.06, 0.58 ±0.06, 0.52±0.04, 0.54 ±0.06) in induced sputum from CVA, UACS, EB and GERC were significantly increased(t value = 5.27, 4.09, 3. 16, 3.92 and 3.62, 3.49, 4.82, 6.17respectively, all P＜0.01 ), with decreased macrophages (0.35±0.04, 0.40±0.06,0.38±0.04,0.43 ±0. 05) in comparison with the control group (t value =4. 76,5.24,4. 57,3. 18, all P ＜0. 01 ). There was a significant increase in eosinophils(0.118±0.054,0.099±0.034) in CVA and EB group (t value =4.46,3.87,5. 19 and 3.51,4. 06,4. 38 respectively, all P＜0.01). (2) The concentration of IL-8[(7.0±1.2)μg/L,(10.2±3.1)μg/L,(6.3±1.9)μg/L,(7.7±2.5)μg/L] and TNF-α[(30 ± 11)ng/L, (46±16)rng/L, (21 ±5)ng/L, (33 ± 15)ng/L] from induced sputum in CVA, UACS, EB and GERC groups were significantly increased, compared with the control group( t value =4. 58,3.67,4. 26,5. 39 and 5.16,3.97,4. 59,3.34 respectively, all P ＜ 0.01 ). (3) The concentration of IL-8 was positively correlated with neutrophils in each group( R value = 0.628,0. 816,0. 769 and 0. 733 respectively, all P＜0. 05 ). The concentration of TNF-o was also positively correlated with neutrophils in each group ( R value = 0. 579,0. 865,0. 730 and 0. 755 respectively,all P ＜ 0. 05 ). (4) The expression of TLR2 ( 56 ± 15,38 ± 7,65 ±17,27 ±4) on macrophages in CVA, UACS,EB and GERC was significantly decreased. The expression of TLR2 (75±17, 53±16,94±30,41±5 ) on macrophages was enhanced by methylprednisolone.Conclusions The expression of TLR2 on macrophages from induced sputum in CVA, UACS, EB and GERC was decreased, but could be enhanced by methylprednisolone, suggesting that TLR2 might play a regulatory role in airway inflammatory response.     

DCRRT治疗重症急性胰腺炎并急性肺损伤的临床观察

目的探讨日间连续性肾替代疗法（DCRRT）治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）并急性肺损伤（ALI）的临床疗效。方法将40例SAP并ALI患者随机分为DCRRT组、对照组各20例,检测两组治疗前后血浆TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8,比较其生命体征、氧合指数、急性生理与慢性健康评估评分（APACHEⅡ评分）、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间及病死率。结果与对照组比较,DCRRT组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8下降,生命体征好转,氧合指数提高,APACHEⅡ评分下降,机械通气及ICU住院时间缩短,病死率降低（P〈0.01或〈0.05）。结论 DCRRT能促进SAP并ALI患者的肺功能恢复,减少机械通气时间,缩短ICU住院时间,降低病死率。     

多项自身抗体阳性的肺癌二例报告

近年来有关肿瘤自身免疫反应受到越来越多的关注,部分肿瘤,尤其是非小细胞肺癌,患者血清中可出现多种自身抗体阳性,如抗核抗体、抗着丝点抗体等。临床上不能因自身抗体阳性就简单地诊断为结缔组织病,应警惕机体免疫学异常和自身抗体的高表达有可能是肿瘤的一种生物学特性。     

不同层次护生资讯素养能力的比较

目的了解不同层次护生资讯素养能力的现状和差异,为高等护理院校进一步规划课程设置提供参考。方法采用护生资讯素养能力评估问卷对474名护生(本科组221名,大专组253名)进行问卷调查。结果护生资讯素养能力总体得分为(2.65±0.41)分,其中本科组得分(2.76±0.36)显著高于大专组得分(2.55±0.42)。除媒体素养外,本科组传统素养、计算机素养、网络素养3个维度得分显著高于大专组(均P0.01)。结论护生资讯素养能力总体得分处中等水平,且本科护生资讯素养能力高于大专护生。高等护理院校应重视护生资讯素养意识的培养,逐步将资讯素养融入专业课程的教与学中,发挥图书馆在培养护生资讯素养能力中的作用,从而提高其资讯素养能力。