他汀类降脂药能降低缺血性脑卒中患者再发卒中的风险

目的观察他汀类药物在缺血性脑卒中二级预防中的作用。方法将2006年以来在本院住院治疗的脑卒中／TIA患者60例随机分为他汀干预组和对照组。对照组仅接受康复治疗及危险因素治疗,干预组在对照组治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀20mg1次／d治疗,观察3年内两组患者再发脑卒中／TIA,死亡以及其他心血管事件发生率。结果干预组再发脑卒中／TIA,冠脉事件发生率低于对照组,而死亡率,脑出血发生率两组却无明显差异。结论他汀类药物能有效预防脑卒中／TIA患者再发心脑血管事件的发生。     

他汀类药物治疗早期糖尿病肾病的Meta分析

目的系统评价他汀类药物治疗早期糖尿病肾病（DKD）的疗效。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验资料库（2009年第2期）、MEDLINE（1991～2009年8月）、EMbase（1991～2009年8月）、CBMdisc（1991．2009年8月）、CNKI（1994～2009年8月）,手T检索相关文献,按纳入与排除标准选择随机对照试验（RCT）。评价质量及提取资料后,采用RevMan4．2软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果初检出281篇文献,经筛选最终纳入22篇文献共25个RCT,包括1838例患者。纳入文献总体质量不高,均为c级。由于各研究间存在异质性,故采用随机效应模型进行效应量合并。Meta分析结果显示,试验组尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）[WMD=-55．77,95％CI（-74．20,-37．34）,P〈0．00001]、血肌酐（Scr）[WMD=-4．34,95％CI（-6．74,-1．94）,P=0．0004]、C反应蛋白（CRP）[WMD=-1．48,95％CI（-2．32,-0．63）,P=0．006]、总胆固醇（TC）[WMD=-1．33,95％CI（-1．75,-0．91）,P〈0．00001]以及甘油三脂（TG）[WMD=-O．72,95％CI（-1．17,-O．27）,P=0．002]较对照组均明显降低。倒漏斗图散点分布近似左有对称,提示纳入研究存在发表偏倚可能性小。纳入的22篇文献共报道12例患者出现转氨酶升高,经保肝治疗恢复正常,未见严重不良反应事件的报道。结论现有研究结果表明,他汀类药物在调节早期DKD患者血脂的同时,可以降低UAER和Scr,具有肾脏保护作用,其机制可能与降低血CRP水平有关,不良反应轻微。由于本研究纳入文献的质量缺陷,尚需更多高质量的随机双盲对照试验证实结论。     

Applicability of the Cleveland clinic scoring system for the risk prediction of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in a South Asian cohort

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is a frequent post-operative complication associated with an increased risk of mortality, morbidity and hospital costs. Preoperative risk scores such as the Cleveland Clinic Scoring Tool (CCST) have been validated in Western population group to identify patients at higher risk of AKI and may facilitate preventive strategies. However, the scoring tool has not been validated systematically in a South Asian cohort. We aimed to evaluate the applicability of the CCST in prediction of AKI after open cardiac surgery in a South–Indian tertiary care center.Materials and methodsA retrospective study of all patients who underwent elective open cardiac surgery over a 4 year period from Jan 2012 to Dec 2015 at a single centre were included and relevant details extracted from a comprehensive chart review. The primary outcome was AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Patients were risk stratified as per the CCST to assess for prediction of AKI into low risk (0–2), intermediate risk (3–5) and high risk (>6) groups.ResultsA total of 276 patients underwent open cardiac surgery with mean age of 51.5 ± 13.06 yrs. This included 177 (64.1%) males and 99 females (35.8%). Overall incidence of AKI was 6.88%. Mean age, gender, BMI, preoperative serum creatinine, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiopulmonary bypass time was similar in patients who developed AKI vs those who did not have AKI postoperatively. The mean CCST scores were 1.6 in those without AKI, 1.5 in stage 1, 3.0 in stage 2 and 3.4 in stage 3 AKI. Higher risk scores predicted greater risk of AKI. A total of 106 patients (38.4%) were on ACE/ARB, 119 patients (43.1%) received beta-blockers, 110 (39.8%) received diuretics while 144(52.1%) had received preoperative statins. Comparison of drug use between the two groups revealed that preoperative use of ACEI/ARB was associated with highest risk of AKI (p = 0.006). Mortality rate was also high at 15.7% in those with AKI compared to 3.1% in non-AKI group (p = 0.04).ConclusionThe modified CCST was valid in risk identification of patients with severe stage of AKI but did not have strong discrimination for early AKI stages. Preoperative statin use did not protect against AKI in our study, however preoperative ARB/ACEI use was significantly associated with occurrence of postoperative AKI.     

补阳还五汤治疗高脂血症的系统评价

目的:系统评价补阳还五汤治疗高脂血症的疗效和安全性;方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、Pub Med、Embase、CNKI、CBM、VIP、万方数据库等数据库,纳入相关RCTs,并进行评价,采用Revman5. 3软件分析数据;结果:纳入6篇随机对照试验,共626例受试者。相比对照组,补阳还五汤的血脂总疗效高于对照组(RR=1. 30,95%CI[1. 15,1. 48],P=0. 001)。治疗后总胆固醇低于对照组(WMD=-0. 38,95%CI[-0. 68,-0. 08],P=0. 01)。治疗后三酰甘油与对照组效果接近(WMD=-0. 16,95%CI[-0. 44,0. 12],P=0. 28)。治疗后高密度脂蛋白水平与对照组效果接近(WMD=0. 05,95%CI[-0. 11,0. 21],P=0. 55)。治疗后低密度脂蛋白水平与对照组效果接近(WMD=0. 09,95%CI[-0. 64,0. 82],P=0. 80),与他汀类药物比较,补阳还五汤治疗后LDL-C水平较低(WMD=-0. 48,95%CI[-0. 67,-0. 29],P=0 0. 00001)。纳入研究均未报道不良反应发生。结论:补阳还五汤治疗高脂血症疗效较好,对TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C的改善有效,对TC的改善较为明显。与他汀类药物比较,对TC、LDL-C改善较明显。     

他汀类药物在治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病中的研究进展

近年来,非酒精性脂肪肝病逐渐成为国内肝病相关死亡率的主要因素。非酒精性脂肪肝病的发病机制主要与代谢综合征相关,其危险因素主要包括肥胖、2型糖尿病、脂代谢异常等,这些危险因素与心血管疾病密切相关,心血管疾病死亡率也成为非酒精性脂肪肝病首要的死亡原因。他汀类药物是最主要的降脂药物,有证据表明,非酒精性脂肪肝病患者使用他汀类药物降脂治疗不仅能有效降低肝脏转氨酶水平,降低心血管疾病病死率,而且能有效减轻肝脏脂肪变性程度,同时可能对延缓肝脏纤维化有一定的疗效。     

Post-transplant dyslipidemia: Mechanisms,diagnosis and management

Post-transplant dyslipidemia is highly prevalent and presents unique management challenges to the clinician. The two major outcomes to consider with post-transplant therapies for dyslipidemia are preserving or improving allograft function, and reducing cardiovascular risk. Although there are other cardiovascular risk factors such as graft dysfunction, hypertension, and diabetes, attention to dyslipidemia is warranted because interventions for dyslipidemia have an impact on reducing cardiac events in clinical trials specific to the transplant population. Dyslipidemia is not synonymous with hyperlipidemia. Numerous mechanisms exist for the occurrence of post-transplant dyslipidemia, including those mediated by immunosuppressive drug therapy. Statin therapy has received the most attention in all solid organ transplant recipient populations, although the effect of proper dietary advice and adjuvant pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents should not be dismissed. At all stages of treatment appropriate monitoring strategies for side effects should be implemented so that the benefits from these therapies can be achieved. Clinicians have a choice when there is a conflict between various transplant society and lipid society guidelines for therapy and targets.     

他汀类药物对急性冠脉综合征患者高密度脂蛋白功能的影响

目的 探讨他汀类药物对急性冠脉综合征患者高密度脂蛋白(High density lipoprotein, HDL)功能的影响。方法 选取经临床及冠脉造影诊断的急性冠脉综合征患者80例,分为服用他汀组(35例)和未服用他汀组(45例),选取同期经冠脉造影证实的非冠心病患者23例作为对照组,以患者血浆诱导巨噬细胞胆固醇外流,评估他汀类药物对胆固醇外流的影响;通过检测去除apoB血浆中的脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(LpPLA2)浓度,探讨他汀类药物对HDL抗氧化功能的影响。结果 急性冠脉综合征患者胆固醇外流率较对照组显著降低(18.77%±5.94% vs 23.68％±6.63%,p=0.001),但服用他汀组与未服用他汀组患者胆固醇外流率差异无统计学意义(18.19±5.85% vs 19.24±6.05%,p=0.450),且不受服用他汀种类的影响;服用他汀组患者比未服用他汀组患者血浆HDL-LpPLA2浓度有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(10.08±5.54ng/ml vs 7.55±4.89ng/ml,p=0.134)。结论 急性冠脉综合征患者HDL促胆固醇外流功能减低,他汀类药物不能改善HDL经ABCA1途径的胆固醇外流功能,对高密度脂蛋白抗氧化功能具有一定增强趋势。     

溶栓前使用他汀类药物对缺血性卒中静脉溶栓疗效的系统评价

目的系统评价缺血性卒中急性期静脉溶栓前使用他汀类药物对患者的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMbase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library等数据库,并辅以手工和其他检索,收集关于静脉溶栓前他汀类药物使用对缺血性卒中急性期静脉溶栓患者的疗效和安全性的研究,检索时间截至2016年4月。由两名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行统计学分析。结果共纳入12个队列研究,包括9 237例患者。他汀类药物使用对缺血性卒中静脉溶栓与近期预后无关(3个月改良Rankin量表评分≤2分:OR=1.05,95%CI:0.93~1.18,P=0.47)或呈负相关(3个月改良Rankin量表评分≤1分:OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73~0.92,P0.01);与症状性颅内出血呈正相关(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.17~1.82,P0.01);与病死率无关(OR=1.16,95%CI:0.79~1.71,P=0.44)。结论溶栓前使用他汀类药物可能导致急性缺血性卒中患者溶栓后出血等不良反应,并且可能导致卒中患者溶栓后3个月预后不良。