Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

正Aims Scope Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine(APJTM),aims to set up and provide an academic communicating platform for international physicians,medical scientists,allied health scientists and public     

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Updates in noninvasive diagnosis and correlation with cardiovascular disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)refers to the accumulation of fat(mainly triglycerides)within hepatocytes.Approximately 20%-30%of adults in the general population in developed countries have NAFLD;this trend is increasing because of the pandemicity of obesity and diabetes,and is becoming a serious public health burden.Twenty percent of individuals with NAFLD develop chronic hepatic inflammation[nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)],which can be associated with the development of cirrhosis,portal hypertension,and hepatocellular carcinoma in a minority of patients.And thus,the detection and diagnosis of NAFLD is important for general practitioners.Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD and confirming the presence of NASH.However,the invasiveness of this procedure limits its application to screening the general population or patients with contraindications for liver biopsy.The development of noninvasive diagnostic methods for NAFLD is of paramount importance.This review focuses on the updates of noninvasive diagnosis of NAFLD.Besides,we review clinical evidence supporting a strong association between NAFLD and the risk of cardiovascular disease because of the cross link between these two disorders.     

Liver biochemistry profile, significance and endoscopic management of biliary tract complications post orthotopic liver transplantation

AIM: To correlate the significance of liver biochemical tests in diagnosing post orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) biliary complications and to study their profile before and after endoscopic therapy. METHODS: Patients who developed biliary complications were analysed in detail for the clinical information,laboratory tests,treatment offered,response to it,follow up and outcomes. The profile of liver enzymes was determined. The safety,efficacy and outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) were also analysed. RESULTS: 40 patients required ERC for 70 biliary complications. GGT was found to be > 3 times (388.1 ± 70.9 U/mL vs 168.5 ± 34.2 U/L,P = 0.007) and SAP > 2 times (345.1 ± 59.1 U/L vs 152.7 ± 21.4 U/L,P = 0.003) the immediate post OLT values. Most frequent complication was isolated anastomotic strictures in 28 (40%). Sustained success was achieved in 26 (81%) patients. CONCLUSION: Biliary complications still remain an important problem post OLT. SAP and GGT can be used as early,non-invasive markers for diagnosis and also to assess the adequacy of therapy. Endoscopic management is usually effective in treating the majority of these biliary complications.     

Acetylcholinesterase in the human erythron. II. Biochemical assay

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an integral erythrocyte membrane protein. A role for the enzyme in the developing human erythron is being explored. Assays of AchE by the standard Ellman technique overestimate the amount of enzyme by failing to account for the contribution of hemoglobin to the optical density of the reaction mixture. Furthermore, reliance on substrate selection alone for specificity is unsatisfactory. Incorporation of inhibitors of "true" AchE and of pseudocholinesterase confer greater ability to distinguish one enzyme from the other. In our experience, the inhibitor constant (Kl) for edrophonium, which is highly specific for AChE, is approximately 5 x 10(-5) M against adult human erythrocytes that contain significantly more total cholinesterase activity than do erythrocytes from umbilical cord blood. This consists of both "true" and "pseudo" enzyme, the former predominating and accounting for 0.75-1.65 (mean 1.02, median 0.87) femtomoles of substrate hydrolysed per min per cell in adult blood, with values of 0.15-1.04 (mean 0.71, median 0.73) obtained on cord blood. Moreover, the enzyme activity in neonatal erythrocytes has a rather different inhibitor profile from that of adult cells. AChE was also demonstrated in fresh (ALL) and cultured (K562 and HL60) human leukemic cells, as well as in primitive granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid cells cloned from normal human bone marrow. In the erythroid colonies the enzyme activity was 0-3.76 (mean 1.20, median 0.76) femtomoles per min per cell, apparently the first successful measurement of AChE in such cells.     

Correlation of liver biochemistry with liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis B and development of a predictive model for liver fibrosis

Aim: To correlate liver stiffness with demographical factors and routine liver biochemistry and to assess the predictive value of these as potential markers of fibrosis. Methods: Transient elastography was performed in 1268 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. According to a previous validated study for CHB, liver stiffness of >8.1 and >10.3 kPa were used as cut‐off values for defining severe fibrosis and cirrhosis respectively. Results: Liver stiffness correlated positively with bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), globulin, α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and HBV DNA levels and negatively with albumin and platelet levels (P<0.05 for all correlations). From 13 parameters (age, sex, platelet, AST, ALT, GGT, AFP, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, ALP, HBV DNA and hepatitis B e‐antigen), four best parameters (AST, platelet, GGT and AFP) were used to derive a liver stiffness model. Using log (index)=1.44+0.1490(GGT)+0.3308 log (AST)−0.5846 log (platelets)+0.1148 log (AFP+1) to predict both severe fibrosis and cirrhosis had area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.85. Conclusion: Routine liver biochemistry correlated well with liver stiffness in Asian CHB patients. A model using simple serum markers can predict liver stiffness, and further studies are required to validate the usefulness of these simple tests as non‐invasive markers of fibrosis in CHB.     

AU640生化分析仪的临床应用

目的：分析AU640生化分析仪的临床应用特点,以指导实验室正确使用。方法：通过对AU640生化分析仪的实际应用,总结出仪器的硬件优势和操作优势,并提出了一些应用体会和建议。结果：AU640全自动生化分析仪具有精确、灵活、高速、低耗能、测试项目多等诸多特点和优势。结论：AU640生化分析仪是一种技术领先、设计完美、质量可靠的全自动生化分析仪。     

奥林巴斯AU 600与德灵XPand plus两台生化分析仪检测结果的可比性分析

目的探讨不同溯源的生化检测系统间相同检测项目测定结果的可比性,其误差是否能被临床所接受。方法按照美国临床和实验室标准化协会（CLSI）EP5-A及EP9-A文件的要求,我们对两套生化系统做了精密度评价,以OLYMPUS AU600生化分析仪检测系统为实现溯源性和可比性的目标检测系统（X）,以新引进的德灵Xpand plus生化分析仪为待评检测系统（Y）,在8个工作日内分别测定正常、异常质控物各8次及分别对80个新鲜血清标本进行测定BUN、CR、UA、AST、CK、LDH 6个生化项目,通过线性回归分析及计算目标检测系统与待评系统之间的相对偏差（SE%）,以美国临床实验室改进修正法规′88（CLIA′88）规定的室间质量评价允许误差范围的1/2 CLIA′88为标准,在不同医学决定水平判断不同检测系统的偏差是否可被临床接受。结果在所有检测项目中,除BUN、UA测定结果在个别医学决定水平的偏差不能被临床接受外,其余项目两套系统测定结果的偏差均可被临床接受。结论我科两套生化检测系统共有测定项目的大部分测定结果具有可比性,可满足临床需要,新购置的德灵生化分析仪同样能为临床诊断提供准确、可靠的检测结果。     

维药西帕依溃结安长期给药对大鼠血液学及血生化指标的影响

目的 观察维药西帕依溃结安长期给药对大鼠血液学及血生化指标的影响,并为该药的临床安全用药提供参考依据.方法 将西帕依溃结浓缩液以高、中、低剂量灌肠给予Wistar大鼠,连续6个月,实验结束时测定西帕依溃结安高、中、低剂量组与对照组大鼠血液学和血生化指标,并进行对照分析,同时观察停药4周后的恢复情况.结果 平均血红蛋白浓度、平均红细胞体积、总胆红素及门冬氨酸氨基转移酶等指标在给药组与对照组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是均在正常值范围之内.结论 维药西帕依溃结安对大鼠血液学及血生化指标无明显影响,未发现毒性反应.