PS-SOD脂质体的制备及其性能分析

①目的　通过肺表面活性物质 (PS)对超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的包裹制备PS SOD脂质体 ,从而实现SOD向肺组织细胞的靶向转运。②方法　采用旋转蒸发法将PS与SOD结合 ,制备PS SOD脂质体 ,电镜负染法观察PS SOD脂质体的形态 ,测量其大小。采用SOD试剂盒测定PS SOD脂质体中和SOD溶液中的SOD活性。利用表面张力仪测定PS和PS SOD脂质体中PS的表面张力。③结果　PS SOD脂质体在电镜下为圆形或类圆形小体 ,分散或聚集存在 ,其粒径为 (0 .4 6 3± 0 .2 2 3) μm ,脂质体的包封率为 4 0 % ,SOD的活性和PS的表面张力在脂质体制备前后均无明显改变。④结论　利用PS和SOD成功制备了PS SOD脂质体 ,可作为SOD进入肺组织细胞的有效载体     

Effect of oral diacerein (DAR) in an experimental hip chondrolysis model.

We aimed to reproduce the articular cartilage structural changes in a joint exposed to a metallic implant as in the adolescent pinned hip with persistent joint penetration and secondly, to test the effect of an interleukin inhibitor, diacerein (DAR) in the ensuing articular cartilage lesion. Twenty immature beagles were submitted to a surgical K-wire implantation in the hip with the material left in the joint space for 6 months. Twelve animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical tests. Eight animals were sacrificed at 10 months (half of them treated with DAR) and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biochemistry of the articular cartilage. Preoperative and monthly C3 and C4 complement and immunoglobulins serum levels were determined. The histological and the electrophoretic profile changes were significative at 6 months. At 10 months the migration profile (CaCl2) recovered to normal levels in the operated hip and the SEM scores for the acetabulum were similar to the non operated control hip after treatment. The serum level of IgA was elevated at the 4th and 6th month postoperatively. The persistence of a metallic implant resulted in degenerative changes parallel to that described for hip chondrolysis as a complication of in-situ pinning; and the cartilage lesion improved with DAR treatment.     

Comparison of phosphoprotein isolated from mature and immature human tooth roots

Mature (average patient age = 29.5 yr, closed apical foramen) and immature (average patient age = 17.5 yr, open apical foramen) root shards were placed in dialysis tubing and demineralized to completion using either 10% disodium EDTA plus protease inhibitors or 0.6 N HCl. The demineralized shards were re-extracted (five times) with 0.05 M tris-HCl, 1.0 M NaCl and then collagenase digested. No major differences were observed in chromatograms of extracts, re-extracts or collagenase digests from root shards demineralized in either way. In contrast, chromatograms of immature and mature roots showed qualitative differences. Chromatograms of mature roots demineralized in either way showed broader protein peaks and less organic phosphorus than those from immature tooth roots. A distinct band amid degraded phosphoprotein (150 K) was found in SDS-PAGE gels (7.5%) from EDTA-extracted immature tooth roots but not from mature tooth roots. Electroelution of this band revealed a typical phosphoprotein amino-acid profile containing increased aspartic acid and serine residues. Comparison of the total phosphoprotein and amino acid composition of extracts, re-extracts and collagenase digests revealed that phosphoprotein, serine and to a lesser extent aspartic acid were recovered in greater quantities from immature roots than mature tooth roots. These data suggest that the degree of maturation is crucial to the isolation of an intact phosphoprotein and provides additional evidence that human dentine phosphoprotein undergoes amino acid compositional changes during maturation.     

女性飞行学员高空飞行生理生化耐受能力研究

为从高空缺氧耐力训练前后生理、生化角度探讨中国女飞行员驾驶战斗机的可行性,在地面模拟高空缺氧及高空飞行训练前后行心电图、心率、血氧饱和度、血压、血尿酸(BUA)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血红蛋白(Hb)、乳酸(BLA)、肌酐(Cr)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)测定,并与男飞行学员的测定结果比较.发现男女飞行学员的心电图、心率、血氧饱和度、血压、Cr、CK、BUA和AST均无显著性差异;女飞行学员在高空耐缺氧Hb代偿反应高于男飞行学员(P<0.05),而BLA水平低于男飞行学员(P<0.05).认为中国女飞行学员在生理生化耐受能力上能胜任飞战斗机.     

5种真空采血促凝管在生化检验中的应用及评价

目的 评价五种真空采血促凝管对常规生化检测项目的影响。方法 采集健康体检者及自愿者血液标本100例,选用5个不同厂家生产的真空采血促凝管,与美国BD公司生产的无添加剂的血清管进行采血质量和生化检测对比评价。结果 5个厂家生产的真空采血促凝管与BD公司生产的无添加剂血清管在多数生化检验项目上无明显差异(P>O.05),但有3个国内厂家生产的真空采血促凝管在标本采集质量、分离效果上存在明显不足,且在血清K、LDH、HBD、CK、CHOL、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c、APOA、APOB等检测上与对照组间存在着显著差异(P<0.05且r相似文献   

A Three-Year Longitudinal Study Comparing Bone Mass,Density, and Geometry Measured by DXA,pQCT, and Bone Turnover Markers in Children with PKU Taking L-Amino Acid or Glycomacropeptide Protein Substitutes

In patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), treated by diet therapy only, evidence suggests that areal bone mineral density (BMDa) is within the normal clinical reference range but is below the population norm. Aims: To study longitudinal bone density, mass, and geometry over 36 months in children with PKU taking either amino acid (L-AA) or casein glycomacropeptide substitutes (CGMP-AA) as their main protein source. Methodology: A total of 48 subjects completed the study, 19 subjects in the L-AA group (median age 11.1, range 5–16 years) and 29 subjects in the CGMP-AA group (median age 8.3, range 5–16 years). The CGMP-AA was further divided into two groups, CGMP100 (median age 9.2, range 5–16 years) (n = 13), children taking CGMP-AA only and CGMP50 (median age 7.3, range 5–15 years) (n = 16), children taking a combination of CGMP-AA and L-AA. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was measured at enrolment and 36 months, peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT) at 36 months only, and serum blood and urine bone turnover markers (BTM) and blood bone biochemistry at enrolment, 6, 12, and 36 months. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the three groups for DXA outcome parameters, i.e., BMDa (L2–L4 BMDa g/cm²), bone mineral apparent density (L2–L4 BMAD g/cm³) and total body less head BMDa (TBLH g/cm²). All blood biochemistry markers were within the reference ranges, and BTM showed active bone turnover with a trend for BTM to decrease with increasing age. Conclusions: Bone density was clinically normal, although the median z scores were below the population mean. BTM showed active bone turnover and blood biochemistry was within the reference ranges. There appeared to be no advantage to bone density, mass, or geometry from taking a macropeptide-based protein substitute as compared with L-AAs.     

Biochemical serum profile of equines subjected to team penning

Understanding the biochemical changes associated with various types of exercises is important, since they affect the function of different systems and the type of energy used. Analyzed separately, the clinical signs of distinct muscular alterations have a limited diagnostic value and require the use of complementary laboratory exams. Such exams are also used to evaluate the animal’s training, clinical state or athletic capacity. This study determined the serum concentrations of proteins, metabolites, minerals and serum enzymes in equines subjected to team penning contests, correlating these data with sex and frequency of physical activity. A puncture was made in the external jugular vein to collect 5 mL of blood from 29 equines, 18 males and 11 females, at rest (Group I) and after exercising (Group II). The biochemical serum analyses were carried out with a Micronal B-280 spectrophotometer using commercial kits and an automatic multichannel analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics—ARCHITECT c8000) using specific kits. The animals were divided into Groups A, B, C and D according to the number of times they participated in the contest. The serum albumin concentrations, A:G ratio and iron declined significantly (p < 0.05) after exercising, unlike the concentrations of total proteins, globulins, total calcium, uric acid, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK), which increased. Females showed a higher increase of creatinine. Moreover, the rise in total protein, globulins, creatinine, AST, LDH and CK levels differed among groups A, B, C, and D. It was concluded that the team penning contest causes alterations in the biochemical serum profile of equines, and that sex and the number of participations in the contest are interferential variables.

Biochemical profile of blood serum of siraz <Emphasis Type="Italic">Capoeta capoeta umbla</Emphasis>

Seasonal changes in blood plasma biochemistry of siraz Capoeta capoeta umbla were determined throughout 1 year. In the present study, while the highest values for glucose and globulin were found in winter, the values for increased activities of total protein, albumin, calcium, sodium levels, albumin/globulin ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined in summer. We determined that blood biochemistry values of siraz, which were positively affected by water temperature and pH, except glucose and globulin. Glucose and globulin were negatively affected by water temperature and pH. Consequently, it was concluded that the seasons are key factors when blood parameters are used as biomarkers for environmental alterations. It is difficult to define the most important factors affecting seasonal changes of blood biochemistry in fish.     

Subchronic Toxicity of 2,4,4'-Trichlorobiphenyl in the Rat Liver: An Ultrastructural and Biochemical Study

2,4,4'-Trichlorobiphenyl or PCB congener 28 was given to Sprague-Dawley weanling rats and the experimental diets were prepared by mixing the congener in 4% corn oil. The congener was administered to animals placed in four groups, each comprising 10 males or females. The diets contained 0.05, 0.5, 5, or 50 ppm congener. The fifth or control group comprised animals that received diets mixed with corn oil. Thirteen weeks after commencement of dosing, animals were euthanized and liver specimens were harvested from the animals and prepared for electron microscopy and biochemical analyses. The hepatocyte architectural modifications included an augmentation of SER profiles and an elevation of peroxisome numbers in animals regardless of gender, and mitochondrial abnormalities in the females only. Mitochondrial aberrations consisted of abnormal shapes and cristae in atypical orientation. The alterations were revealed in animals of the 5-and 50-ppm groups and were more extensive in the females. Ethoxyresorufin-O-de-ethylase activity was significantly high in the animals of the 50-ppm group. The results suggest that the female rats were more sensitive than the males to congener 28, and the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was believed to be 0.5 ppm for the congener.     

Peripartal serum biochemical, haematological and hormonal changes associated with retained placenta in dairy cows

Retained placenta (RP) is one of the most important complications in cattle because it affects milk production and reproductive performance. To determine any changes between healthy cows and cows that retained their afterbirth, serum metabolites, haematological parameters and hormonal concentrations were measured 96–48 h prepartum and 24–48 h postpartum in 15 healthy and 15 RP dairy cows. Serum metabolites were not different between the two groups, pre- and postpartum; only Na was marginally lower in RP cows prepartum and albumin was marginally lower in RP cows postpartum. There were also no differences between the two groups prepartum according to blood parameters. Only fibrinogen was significantly higher in RP cows postpartum. Progesterone and cortisol did not differ significantly between the two groups pre- and postpartum but estrogen concentration was significantly lower in the RP group, pre- and postpartum. Progesterone/estrogen ratio was also significantly higher in the RP group prepartum and postpartum. In conclusion, lower estrogen concentrations and higher progesterone/estrogen ratio seem to be the main hormonal changes in RP cows and one time sampling 4 to 2 days before calving can reveal these changes.