髌骨内推治疗膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的观察髌骨内推治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)的临床疗效。方法将90例KOA患者随机分为2组,对照组45例予盐酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊治疗,治疗组45例在对照组治疗基础上应用髌骨内推治疗。2组均治疗1个月。比较2组治疗后1、3个月疗效;观察2组治疗前后双下肢肌肉围度、膝关节髌骨压痛评分及国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC)评分变化。结果治疗组治疗后1个月治愈率37.78%,总有效率84.44%;对照组治疗后1个月治愈率17.78%,总有效率68.89%。治疗组治疗后3个月治愈率62.22%,总有效率95.56%;对照组治疗后3个月治愈率28.89%,总有效率77.78%。2组治疗后3个月治愈率、总有效率均高于本组治疗后1个月(P0.05);治疗组治疗后1、3个月治愈率、总有效率均高于对照组治疗同期(P0.05)。2组治疗前、治疗后1个月患侧下肢肌肉围度均较本组健侧肌肉围度减少(P0.05)。2组治疗后1、3个月患侧肌肉围度均较本组治疗前增加(P0.05)。治疗组治疗后1、3个月患侧下肢肌肉围度均高于对照组治疗同期(P0.05)。2组治疗后3个月患侧下肢肌肉围度均较本组治疗后1个月增加(P0.05)。2组治疗后膝关节髌骨压痛评分低于本组治疗前(P0.05),治疗后3个月膝关节髌骨压痛评分低于治疗后1个月(P0.05);治疗组治疗后膝关节髌骨压痛评分低于对照组治疗同期(P0.05)。2组治疗后IKDC评分均高于本组治疗前(P0.05),治疗后3个月IKDC评分高于治疗后1个月(P0.05);治疗组治疗后IKDC评分高于对照组治疗同期(P0.05)。结论髌骨内推治疗KOA疗效确切,可以改善患者关节疼痛及延缓退化变形,无不良反应,宜长期坚持。     

Muscle–bone relationship in temporomandibular joint disorders after partial discectomy

ObjectivesTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) causes degenerative changes in TMJ tissues. The inter-tissue crosstalk that exacerbates illness and organic changes in bone secondary to TMJ-OA potentially affects the muscles; therefore, patients with a muscular disease might also suffer from bone disease. However, knowledge gaps exist concerning muscle pathology at the onset of TMJ-OA. In this study, we documented the pathogeneses of the bone and muscle at the onset of TMJ-OA using a mouse model.MethodsWe performed a partial resection of the TMJ disk to establish a mouse model of TMJ-OA. After the onset of TMJ-OA, we performed various measurements at 8, 12, and 16 weeks post-surgery in the defined groups.ResultsThe volume of the mandibular head in the TMJ-OA group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The temporal muscles in the TMJ-OA group were significantly deformed compared with those in the control group; however, between-group comparisons did not reveal significant differences in the mandibular head or temporal muscles after surgery. Therefore, we hypothesized that the degree of mandibular head hypertrophy would alter the temporal muscles. A subsequent analysis of the correlation between the bone and muscle confirmed that the deformity of the temporal muscle increased with increasing hypertrophy of the mandibular head. Temporal and masseter muscle contact was observed in 25% of surgical groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that TMJ-OA progressed when organic changes occurred in bones and muscles, supporting the symbiotic relationship between bones and muscles.     

应用锥形束CT诊断颞下颌关节骨关节病的探讨

目的探讨锥形束CT（cone beam CT，CBCT）在颞下颌关节骨关节病诊断中的应用前景。方法临床诊断为颞下颌关节骨关节病（炎）、不可复（可复）性盘前移位伴骨关节病患者共48例（96侧关节）。48例同时拍摄经咽侧位x线平片和CBCT，比较两种x线检查方法的病变检出率、医师判断的重复性和一致性。结果颞下颌关节骨关节病x线表现分为6型：髁突表面皮质骨模糊消失型（I型）、表面缺损破坏型（Ⅱ型）、髁突磨平型（Ⅲ型）、骨质硬化型（IV型）、骨质增生型（V型）、囊样变型（Ⅵ型）。CBCT的检出率分别为65．63％、37．50％、27．08％、31．25％、28．13％、1．04％；经咽侧位x线平片的检出率分别为52．08％、19．79％、32．29％、23．96％、12．50％、2．08％。对每一型病变的程度和范围，同一医师两次判断或不同医师之间，对I、Ⅱ型病变的评判，经咽侧位x线平片和CBCT均有高度的一致性，Kappa值大于0．60。结论除Ⅲ型外，CBCT对每一类型的病变均有很高的检出率，所显示的病变及其部位清晰、明确。CBCT清晰的病变影像、明确的病变部位和显示多层面病变的优势，使其有望成为颞下颌关节骨关节病判定病变程度、预后以及药物治疗后效果的定量评价手段。     

饮食对肥胖大鼠骨关节炎的辅助治疗干预作用研究

目的 探讨饮食护理对肥胖大鼠骨关节炎（OA）大鼠行为学、脂代谢、关节形态及软骨中内脂素的作用。方法 90 只雄性SD 大鼠随机分为六组,除正常组及OA 模型组外,其余各组给予高脂高糖饲料,以内侧半月板切除和前交叉韧带切断的Hulth 法建立骨性关节炎模型,将饮食护理组给予脱脂饲料,同时关节腔注射玻璃酸钠进行治疗;无护理组仅进行玻璃酸钠治疗。肥胖模型组及肥胖OA 模型组在OA 模型成功建立的基础上仍给予高脂高糖饲料,连续12 周。饮食干预12 周后,对各组大鼠称重并量取体长,计算身体质量指数（BMI）;检测大鼠自主活动、抓力、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）水平;观察大鼠膝关节软骨组织形态学变化,检测Visfatin 血清含量水平及软骨组织Visfatin 的蛋白表达。结果 饮食护理组大鼠的体重、BMI、血清TC、TG、LDL-C、Visfatin 含量水平及膝关节软骨组织Visfatin 蛋白表达显著低于肥胖OA 模型组;血清HDL-C 含量水平、活动次数、抓力显著高于肥胖OA 模型组。饮食护理组光镜下幼稚软骨细胞形态正常,损伤脱失明显改善。结论 饮食干预对肥胖OA 大鼠骨性关节炎具有保护作用,该作用可能与降低软骨组织visfatin 蛋白表达水平,改善OA 大鼠脂代谢有关。     

Mitochondrial transfer from bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to chondrocytes protects against cartilage degenerative mitochondrial dysfunction in rats chondrocytes

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction participates in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). However, studies that improve mitochondrial function are rare in OA. Mitochondrial transfer from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to OA chondrocytes might be a cell-based therapy for the improvement of mitochondrial function to prevent cartilage degeneration. This study aimed to determine whether MSCs can donate mitochondria and protect the mitochondrial function and therefore reduce cartilage degeneration.MethodsBone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were harvested from the marrow cavities of femurs and tibia in young rats. OA chondrocytes were gathered from the femoral and tibial plateau in old OA model rats. BM-MSCs and OA chondrocytes were co-cultured and mitochondrial transfer from BM-MSCs to chondrocytes was identified. Chondrocytes with mitochondria transferred from BM-MSCs were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Mitochondrial function of these cells, including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were quantified and compared to OA chondrocytes without mitochondrial transfer. Chondrocytes proliferation, apoptosis, and secretion ability were also analyzed between the two groups.ResultsMitochondrial transfer was found from BM-MSCs to OA chondrocytes. Chondrocytes with mitochondrial from MSCs (MSCs + OA group) showed increased mitochondrial membrane potential compared with OA chondrocytes without mitochondria transfer (OA group) (1.79 ± 0.19 vs. 0.71 ± 0.12, t = 10.42, P < 0.0001). The activity of MRC enzymes, including MRC complex I, II, III, and citrate synthase was also improved (P < 0.05). The content of ATP in MSCs + OA group was significantly higher than that in OA group (161.90 ± 13.49 vs. 87.62 ± 11.07 nmol/mg, t = 8.515, P < 0.0001). Meanwhile, we observed decreased cell apoptosis (7.09% ± 0.68% vs.15.89% ± 1.30%, t = 13.39, P < 0.0001) and increased relative secretion of type II collagen (2.01 ± 0.14 vs.1.06 ± 0.11, t = 9.141, P = 0.0008) and proteoglycan protein (2.08 ± 0.20 vs. 0.97 ± 0.12, t = 8.227, P = 0.0012) in MSCs + OA group, contrasted with OA group.ConclusionsMitochondrial transfer from BM-MSCs provided protection for OA chondrocytes against mitochondrial dysfunction and degeneration through improving mitochondrial function, cell proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis in chondrocytes. This finding may offer a new therapeutic direction for OA.     

组织工程修复颞下颌关节的关键因素研究进展

颞下颌关节骨关节炎（TMJOA）主要表现为颞下颌关节盘（TMJD）穿孔以及髁突骨软骨复合体（COCC）破坏。近年来,组织工程技术成为修复颞下颌关节的有效策略之一。随着支架材料技术的不断进步,结合天然材料与人工合成材料优势的复合支架成为优化支架性能的重要手段。近年来,微创理念下的原位成胶方法极大地解决了手术创伤以及材料吻合的问题,有利于组织工程向临床转化。细胞外基质支架技术在解决支架来源问题的同时最大程度地模拟了细胞外环境,为颞下颌关节组织工程向动物水平的转化提供了重要的手段。由于肋软骨细胞来源与扩增的限制,采用不同来源的间充质干细胞成为颞下颌关节组织工程的广泛选择,其中从关节软骨表面分离得到的纤维软骨干细胞可能更为合适。转化生长因子β超家族由于其明确的骨软骨活性,富血小板衍生物作为一种制备便捷的复合生物因子,同时结合间充质干细胞外泌体和应力刺激的形式调控细胞外微环境等方法均在颞下颌关节组织工程中得到运用。未来,通过复合生物活性因子并结合一定的应力刺激可能成为颞下颌关节组织工程研究的重要趋势之一。本文就组织工程技术修复颞下颌关节骨软骨复合体及关节盘的进展,尤其是在支架材料、种子细胞以及刺激因子方面的研究进展作一综述,以期为未来的研究设计和临床干预提供指导。     

长链非编码 RNAMIR22HG和微 RNA-9-3p在骨关节炎病人血清中的表达及与病情严重程度的相关性

目的探究长链非编码 RNA(lncRNA)MIR22HG和微 RNA-9-3p(miR-9-3p)在骨关节炎( OA)病人血清中的表达及与病情严重程度的相关性。方法选取 2020年 10月至 2021年 10月在南充市中医医院确诊为 OA的病人 120例,作为 OA组, 60例体检健康人群作为对照组;采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应( qRT-PCR)检测血清 lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p的表达水平; Pearson法分析 lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p的相关性以及二者与视觉模拟( VAS)评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分( HSS)以及西安大略和麦马斯特大学骨关节炎指数可视化量表( WOMAC)评分的相关性;绘制受试者操作特征( ROC)曲线分析 lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p对 OA的诊断价值。结果 OA组的血清中 lncRNA MIR22HG表达水平显著高于对照组(1.48±0.25比 1.01±0.22)miR-9-3p的表达水平显著低于对照组( 0.72±0.13比 1.05±0.12)(P<0.05);相关性分析显示, lncRNA MIR22HG和 miR-9-3p的表,达水平呈负相关关系( P<0.05); KL Ⅳ级血清 lncRNA MIR22HG的表达水平、 VAS评分、 WOMAC评分显著高于 KL Ⅲ级和 KL Ⅱ级, KL Ⅲ级显著高于 KL Ⅱ级( P<0.05),KL Ⅳ级血清 miR-9-3p的表达水平、 HSS评分显著低于 KL Ⅲ级和 KL Ⅱ级, KL Ⅲ级显著低于 KL Ⅱ级( P<0.05); OA病人 lncRNA MIR22HG的表达水平与 VAS评分、 WOMAC评分均呈正相关,与 HSS评分呈负相关( P<0.05); miR-9-3p表达水平与 VAS评分、 WOMAC评分均呈负相关,与 HSS评分呈正相关( P<0.05);二者联合诊断的 AUC高于 lncRNA MIR22HG、miR-9-3p单独诊断的 AUC值( Z=2.22,P=0.012;Z=1.43,P=0.025)。结论 OA病人血清中 lncRNA MIR22HG表达水平显著升高, miR-9-3p表达水平显著降低,二者与 OA病情严重程度密切相关,且对 OA具有一定的诊断价值。     

The Pisotriquetral Joint: Osteoarthritis and Enthesopathy

Pisotriquetral (PT) osteoarthritis (OA) and enthesopathy of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) are pathologies of the hypothenar eminence which both often remain undiagnosed, but can cause ulnar wrist pain. This study determined the prevalence of these pathologies in an older donor population. Twenty wrists were obtained from 10 cadavers with an age ranging from 65 to 94 years. Radiographs were taken of all wrists with the hand in pisotriquetral view and were assessed for osteoarthritic changes of the PT joint and signs of enthesopathy of the FCU. Ten wrists were grossly dissected and the other ten wrists were sagitally sectioned at a thickness of 10 μm. The wrists were analyzed for type and grade of osteoarthritis and signs of enthesopathy. On radiology, 2 out of 20 wrists showed no signs of osteoarthritis, 5 wrists showed severe changes. One wrist showed signs of enthesopathy. On macroscopy, 9 out of 10 wrists showed osteoartritic changes; 5 of these were severely osteoarthritic. On microscopy, all wrists showed some degree of osteoarthritis of which five showed severe changes. Signs of enthesopathy were seen in seven wrists. Pisotriquetral osteoarthritis has a high prevalence in the older donor population and may therefore be a cause of ulnar sided wrist pain. It should therefore always be considered in the differential diagnosis of ulnar sided wrist pain. By performing clinical examination with these pathologies in mind, diagnosis could be a lot faster. Furthermore, based on our results, radiographs seem to be not accurate in diagnosing osteoarthritis of the PT joint and enthesopathy of the FCU.     

改良型股骨假体对降低初次后稳定型全膝关节置换术后髌骨弹响综合征发生率的病例对照研究

目的：探讨改良型股骨假体应用于初次后稳定型全膝关节置换术的疗效.方法：2012年4月1日至2013年1月1日,因膝关节骨性关节炎入院,由同一位主任医生完成的初次后稳定型全膝关置换术病例,共156例.61例使用改良型股骨假体,男7例,女54例,平均年龄（68.34±5.41）岁;95例使用普通股骨假体,男14例,女81例,平均年龄（69.92±5.11）岁.观察并记录156例患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、Insall-Salvati指数、假体型号、髌骨弹响综合征发生率、术后下肢力线及术后膝关节活动度.平均随访45.31周（36～56周）,记录每例患者随访时的美国膝关节协会评分（AKS评分）.结果：改良型股骨假体组髌骨弹响综合征发生率为0,低于普通股骨假体组的11.48％,且术后膝关节活动度（110.98±10.32）°,优于普通股骨假体组（107.05±8.61）°.术后随访4次,在术后21～28 d改良型股骨假体组膝关节评分129.79±9.63,优于普通股骨假体组126.85±7.79.结论：采用改良设计的新型股骨假体能降低髌骨弹响综合征发生率,并获得更好的早期膝关节功能恢复.     

多光谱小动物活体成像技术在骨性关节炎模型评价中的应用

目的：利用多光谱小动物活体成像技术动态观察和评价大鼠骨性关节炎模型的应用价值。方法：取3月龄SD雄性大鼠15只（180±20）g,利用碘乙酸关节腔注射法建立骨性关节炎模型：左膝关节腔注射碘乙酸50μl建立OA模型组,右膝关节腔注射等量无菌生理盐水做为正常对照。分别于建模2、4周时进行X-ray活体成像观察,测算骨密度。4周后处死大鼠,取双侧关节进行组织病理学观察,X线和组织病理学参考Kellgren-Lawrence和Collins进行分级。结果：OA模型造模成功,活体成像观察发现与对照组相比,模型组出现关节面不平整、骨赘形成、关节变形、软骨缺损等典型骨性关节炎表型,并伴有股骨远端骨密度下降明显（P〈0.01）,胫骨近端骨密度下降不明显（P〉0.05）,病理学结果一致;2周后模型组膝关节接近Collins 1级、Kellgren-Lawrence 2级,4周后模型组膝关节接近Collins 4级、Kellgren-Lawrence 3级;对照组关节面平整,关节间隙正常,软骨未见明显缺损,Collins及KellgrenLawrence 0级,股骨远段及胫骨近端骨密度正常。结论：多光谱小动物成像技术可用于骨性关节炎模型的影像学活体动态观察及骨密度检测,对骨性关节炎模型评价和相关研究具有重要意义。