RP-HPLC法测定血浆中奥卡西平及其代谢产物的浓度

目的：建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中奥卡西平（OXC）及其活性代谢产物-10-单羟基代谢物（MHD）的浓度。方法：采用WatersX—TerraTM RP18柱（150mm×3．9mm,5μm）,柱温35℃,流速1．2ml·ml^-1,流动相：甲醇-0．1％三氟乙酸（30：70）,检测波长232nm。甲喹酮作为内标,血浆样品经蛋白沉淀法处理后直接进样测定。结果：OXC在0．625～37．50μg·ml^-1,MHD在1．25—75．0μg·ml^-1的范围线性关系良好。OXC低、中、高三种浓度的提取回收率分别为109．9％,102．0％,104．1％。日内RSD为1．69％～3．61％,日间RSD为2．73％～7．45％;MHD低、中、高三种浓度的提取回收率分别为108．0％,107．3％,102．6％,EI内RSD4．41％～5775％,日间RSD1．32％～7．06％。结论：该方法准确,简单,快速,可用于OXC临床治疗的药物浓度监测和药物动力学的研究。     

高通量血液透析治疗难治性高血压患者的临床效果

目的探讨高通量血液透析（HFHD）治疗难治性高血压（RH）的临床效果。方法选择2010年1月-2012年6月在本中心进行常规血液透析（HD）联合HFHD治疗的32例难治性高血压患者。采用回顾性与自身常规血透资料比对方式，分为HFHD组和LFHD组。比较不同时间、不同组别之间血压水平的差异。结果HFHD组，治疗前与治疗16周后比较，P〈0．001，有显著性统计学差异；LFHD组，治疗前与治疗16周后血压无改善，P〉0．05，差异无统计学意义；PTH单次下降率10．43％±2．06％。结论高通量透析能够明显改善难治性高血压患者的血压，且感染率低，同时可以减少降压药的使用剂量，降低患者的经济负担，值得推广和应用。     

维持性血透患者发生并发症的原因分析及护理对策

目的通过对维持性血液透析患者透析并发症的分析,从而预防或减少透析并发症的发生,提高其存活率。方法选择维持性血液透析患者89例,男42例,女47例,就其透析常见并发症加以分析。结果透析中常见的并发症是低血压、高血压、心律失常、肌肉痉挛、恶心、呕吐等。结论长期进行血液透析的患者因为各种并发症的发生降低了其存活率,但只要积极地预防,去除病因,充分进行透析,并发症可以得到有效控制。     

实施家属健康教育对维持性血液透析患者远期生活质量的影响

目的探讨向维持性血液透析(MHD)患者家属同步实施健康教育对患者远期生活质量的影响.方法选择49例MHD患者,随机分为观察组(24例)和对照组(25例),2组患者在常规治疗的同时接受健康教育;观察组在此基础上同步实施家属健康教育.分别在患者透析第1年和第5年后,采用生存质量指数评定量表(SF-36QOL),对2组患者生存质量进行评分并记录.结果第1年和第5年后,组间比较,观察组总体生存质量明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(1年后P＜0.01,5年后P＜0.001).结论对MHD患者家属同步实施健康教育,可提高家属的照料水平、配合程度及患者远期的生活质量.     

MAGE-A antigens as targets in tumour therapy

MAGE-A proteins constitute a sub-family of Cancer-Testis Antigens which are expressed mainly, but not exclusively, in germ cells. They are also expressed in various human cancers where they are associated with, and may drive, malignancy. MAGE-A proteins are highly immunogenic and are considered as potential targets for cancer vaccines and/or immuno-therapy. Moreover, recent advances in our understanding of their molecular pathology have revealed interactions that offer potential as therapeutic targets. Here we review recent progress in this area and consider how these interactions might be exploited, especially for the treatment of malignant cancers for which available treatments are inadequate.     

左卡尼汀联合超纯透析对维持性血液透析患者炎症指标及营养状况的影响

目的 探讨左卡尼汀联合超纯透析对维持性血液透析患者炎症指标及营养状况的影响.方法 选择我院2013年10月至2015年4月收治的120例维持性血液透析患者,采用随机数字表随机将其分为观察组与对照组,每组各60例.观察组给予左卡尼汀联合超纯透析治疗6个月,对照组给予左卡尼汀联合常规碳酸氢盐透析液透析,比较两组患者治疗前后的血清白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素6 (IL-6)的表达水平.结果 两组患者上述指标治疗后较治疗前均明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组患者治疗后各项营养指标显著提高,炎性指标显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 左卡尼汀联合超纯透析治疗维持性血液透析患者能有效改善患者体内微炎症状态和营养状况,值得临床重视.     

肾康注射液对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激及微炎症状态的影响

目的：探讨肾康注射液对维持性血液透析（MHD）患者氧化应激及微炎症状态的影响。方法选取我院进行血液透析治疗的50例尿毒症患者为研究对象,数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组;2组均积极处理原发病,给予优质蛋白、低盐饮食,控制血压、血糖,纠正贫血等常规治疗,观察组于透析结束后予肾康注射液80 mL ＋5%葡萄糖液200 mL 静脉滴注,1次/ d,2组均连续治疗4周;观察2组治疗前后超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及 C 反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。结果观察组 MDA 较治疗前显著降低,SOD、T-AOC 显著升高（P ＜0.05）,对照组各指标与治疗前比较无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）,治疗后观察组优于对照组（P ＜0.05）;治疗后观察组 CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著降低（P ＜0.05）,对照组各指标与治疗前比较无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）,治疗后观察组优于对照组（P ＜0.05）。结论肾康注射液可有效降低 MHD 患者血清炎性因子水平,改善微炎症及氧化应激状态,改善患者肾功能。     

麻黄汤中臣、佐、使药对君药中麻黄碱的人体内过程的影响

目的以君药效应成分麻黄碱为指标,采用GC-MS法考察不同配伍对麻黄碱药动学参数的影响规律,探索麻黄汤方中臣、佐、使药对君药在人体内过程的影响。方法对麻黄汤作正交设计拆成8个配伍组,每组8名健康男性志愿者,服药后在不同时间点抽取静脉血,测定血浆中麻黄碱,绘制药-时曲线;选用WinNonlin4.0.1软件求算药动学参数;采用SPSS10.0软件对药动学参数进行统计分析。结果药时曲线均符合无滞后开放式1房室动力学模型;不同配伍对麻黄碱的部分药动学参数有显著影响(P<0.05);方中各药味对麻黄碱的部分药动学参数的影响有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。结论臣、佐、使药对方中君药的有效成分麻黄碱的药动学参数有一定影响。     

Regulation of dense core vesicle release from PC12 cells by interaction between the D2 dopamine receptor and calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CAPS)

We identified CAPS1 (calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion) as a D2 dopamine receptor interacting protein (DRIP) in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human brain library using the second intracellular domain of the human D2 receptor (D2IC2). CAPS1 is an evolutionarily conserved calcium binding protein essential for late-stage exocytosis of neurotransmitters from synaptic terminals. CAPS1 interaction was confirmed for both the long and short isoforms of the D2 receptor, but not with any other dopamine receptor subtype. Interaction between CAPS1 and the D2 receptor was validated using both pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Deletion mapping localized the D2 receptor binding site to a segment located within the C-terminal region of CAPS1 as well CAPS2. In PC12 cells, CAPS1 and D2 receptors were found to colocalize within both cytosolic and plasma membrane compartments. Overexpression of a truncated D2 receptor fragment caused a significant decrease in K(+)-evoked dopamine release from PC12 cells, whereas no effect on norepinephrine or BDNF release was observed. These results suggest that D2 dopamine receptors may modulate vesicle release from neuroendocrine cells via direct interaction with components of the exocytotic machinery.     

Anti-snake venom activities of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) against Russell's viper venom: Characterization of piperine as active principle

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Piper longum L. fruits have been traditionally used against snakebites in north-eastern and southern region of India.

Aim of the study

To examine the ability of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L., Piperaceae (PLE) and piperine, one of the main active principles of Piper longum, to inhibit the Russell's viper (Doboia russelii, Viperidae) snake venom activities.

Materials and methods

Anti-snake venom activities of ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and piperine against Russell's viper venom was studied in embryonated fertile chicken eggs, mice and rats by using various models as follows: inhibition of venom lethal action, inhibition of venom haemorrhagic action (in vitro), inhibition of venom haemorrhagic action (in vivo), inhibition of venom necrotizing action, inhibition of venom defibrinogenating action, inhibition of venom induced paw edema, inhibition of venom induced mast cell degranulation, creatine kinase assay and assay for catalase activity.

Results

PLE was found to inhibit the venom induced haemorrhage in embryonated fertile chicken eggs. Administration of PLE and piperine significantly (p<0.01) inhibited venom induced lethality, haemorrhage, necrosis, defibrinogenation and inflammatory paw edema in mice in a dose dependent manner. PLE and piperine also significantly (p<0.01) reduced venom induced mast cell degranulation in rats. Venom induced decrease in catalase enzyme levels in mice kidney tissue and increase in creatine kinase enzyme levels in mice serum were significantly (p<0.01) reversed by administration of both PLE and piperine.

Conclusions

PLE possesses good anti-snake venom properties and piperine is one of the compounds responsible for the effective venom neutralizing ability of the plant.