Fixion可膨胀髓内钉材料学特征与骨折治疗中的应用

目的:介绍新型骨科内植物Fixion可膨胀髓内钉的设计原理、生物力学试验报道以及临床文献使用报道结果,为临床医生治疗四肢骨干骨折提供新的内固定选择,同时也探讨其使用特点及注意事项。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1993-01/2006-10关于可膨胀髓内钉的文章。检索词“fracture,intramedullarynail,expanable nail”并限定文章的语言种类为English。同时利用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1994-01/2004-12的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“可膨胀髓内钉”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,纳入标准:①可膨胀髓内钉的设计原理、生物力学试验报道以及临床文献使用报道结果。②四肢骨折使用传统钢板和交锁髓内钉内固定治疗的文献报道作为对照比较。资料提炼:共搜集到上述相关文章43篇,去除重复性研究10篇,陈旧文献3篇,30篇文献纳入选择标准。资料综合:Fixion可膨胀髓内钉在治疗肱骨、胫骨、股骨和股骨近端骨折以及骨折骨不连的治疗上都有良好的临床疗效,同时具有固定牢固,操作简便,安全可靠的优点,但是仍然有相当的争议,包括内固定治疗病例选择的适应证、相关并发症等。结论:尽管Fixion可膨胀髓内钉在临床治疗应用中取得了较好的短期临床效果,但效果究竟如何,尚需要大样本病例中远期的严密随访结果以及前瞻性随机对照研究结果。     

钛制弹性髓内钉固定锁骨中段骨折的疗效

目的评价钛制弹性髓内钉(TEN)固定锁骨中段骨折的疗效。方法应用TEN治疗53例移位的锁骨中段骨折患者。对疼痛VAS评分、Constant评分、临床愈合时间、锁骨短缩程度和并发症等进行评估。结果53例均获随访,时间14～24(18.70±3.36)个月。骨折均获得临床及影像学愈合,愈合时间6～20(11.77±3.61)周。无感染、骨不连、髓内钉断裂和内固定取出后再骨折发生。术后3 d疼痛VAS评分较术前明显减轻(P<0.01)。术后6个月患肩Constant评分为92～100(97.96±2.06)分。结论 TEN治疗非粉碎的锁骨中段骨折微创、美观、功能恢复良好、并发症少。     

切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗移位Miller-AdaⅡ、Ⅲ型肩胛骨骨折

目的探讨切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗移位Miller-AdaⅡ、Ⅲ型肩胛骨骨折疗效。方法采用切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗23例移位Miller-AdaⅡ、Ⅲ型肩胛骨骨折,记录术后近期并发症、骨折愈合时间和肩关节外展功能。结果所有患者术后无切口感染。17例患者得到随访,时间4～24个月,骨折均愈合,愈合时间12～24周。肩关节外展90°～170°,平均150°。根据Neer肩关节功能评定标准：优13例,满意2例,不满意2例。结论采用切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗移位Miller-AdaⅡ、Ⅲ型肩胛骨骨折可获得良好的临床效果。     

用MIPO技术治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的解剖及初步临床报告

目的探讨肱骨干中下段骨折的治疗方法。方法8具成人尸体上肢标本,经上臂近段前侧肱二头肌和三角肌间隙以及远端肘横纹近侧肱二头肌外侧缘的皮肤小切口,插入窄4．5 mm动力加压钢板置于肱骨干前侧,肱肌深面,两端分别用2枚螺钉固定,测定前臂旋后位桡神经在穿出外侧肌间隔以及冠状窝上缘水平与钢板外侧缘的距离。采用闭合复位、经皮前置钢板内固定技术治疗16例肱骨干中下段骨折。记录手术时间、术中失血量、术后平均住院时间、术后近期并发症、骨折愈合时间及肩、肘关节活动范围。结果经上臂小切口将钢板固定于肱骨干前侧后,钢板的近端位于肱二头肌长头腱和肌皮神经外侧。钢板大部分位于肱肌深面。前臂旋后位,桡神经在穿经外侧肌间隔和冠状窝上缘水平与钢板外侧缘之间的距离平均分别为16．5 mm(10．3～21．3 mm)和5．4 mm(3．7～7．7 mm)。钢板与桡神经之间间隔有肱肌肌腹。16例患者平均手术时间为120 min(90～150 min),术中失血量为50～200 ml,术后平均住院时间为4 d(3～5 d)。没有发生医源性桡神经麻痹的病例。无切口感染。术后随访7～24个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间为15．4周(12～32周)。肘关节屈曲135°～145°,伸直0°～5°,肩关节外展90°,上举150°～170°。结论采用MIPO技术治疗肱骨干中下段骨折可获得良好的结果。     

交锁髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗肱骨中、下段骨不连的比较

骨不连是肱骨中、下段骨折术后常见的并发症之一，发生率为15％～30％，治疗比较棘手。比较一致的治疗意见是切开复位、内固定并植骨，但究竟采用何种方式固定骨折存在争议。回顾2002年10月～2005年10月间分别采用钢板或髓内钉固定治疗的38例肱骨中、下段骨不连患者资料，分析如下。     

加压延长与骨迁移修复胫骨长段骨缺损

我院2001年7月～2005年3月采用加压延长骨迁移技术修复胫骨创伤后或创伤后感染造成的长段骨缺损7例，效果良好。报告如下。     

前置钢板微创固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的可行性研究

Objective To evaluate effects of minimal invasive plating for treatment of mid-distal humeral shaft fractures.Methods From May 2004 to December 2007, 20 patients with isolated unilat-eral mid-distal third humeral shaft fractures were surgically treated with close reduction and internal fixation using a 4.5 mm dynamic compression plate which was anteriorly inserted through 2 small incisions on the anterior aspects of proximal and distal parts of the arm, away from the fracture site.The postoperative function of the radial nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve, the postoperative alignment of the main fragments on the anteroposterior radiographs, the bone healing time and muscle strength of biceps muscles were measured and recorded, Results Four patients complained of numbness at the area innervated by the lateral ante-braehial cutaneous nerve in the affected forearm after the surgery.No signs of iatrogenic radial nerve palsies occurred after the surgery.A completely normal alignment was achieved in 7 patients, but varus of 11° was found in 2 cases and varus of 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7° and 10° in one each.Valgus deformity was noticed in 4 cases, and valgus of 3°, 4°, 6° and 7° in one each.The mean follow-up of 10.4 months for 19 patients re-vealed bony union of all the fractures.The average bone healing time was 13.4 weeks.At the latest follow-up, the biceps muscle strength of all the patients was 5 degrees.Hardwires were removed in 5 patients without any complications.Conclusions Minimally invasive anterior plating is a safe alternative osteosynthesis for mid-distal third humeral shaft fractures.However, this technique may interfere with the function of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.     

跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗跟骨关节内骨折的方法和疗效。方法2007年3月至2007年12月,采用切开复位内固定治疗35例(48足)跟骨关节内骨折。按Sanders分型标准:Ⅱ型13足,Ⅲ型25足,Ⅳ型10足。采用外侧入路重建跟骨距下关节面,术中撬拨复位恢复跟骨长度、高度和跟骨结节关节角(Bohler角)。结果术后随访9～25个月,平均12个月。采用美国足踝外科学会踝与后足功能评分(AOFAS评分)评估手术疗效,优33足,良8足,一般7足,优良率85.4%。没有病例发生切口感染及皮肤坏死。复位结果与功能有显著相关性,手术前后的Bohler角和跟骨交叉角(Gissane角)均有显著性差异。结论手术切开复位内固定是治疗跟骨关节内骨折的有效方法,治疗结果与骨折类型、复位质量、手术时机和方法有密切关系。     

肱骨远端关节面剪切骨折治疗进展

肱骨远端关节面剪切骨折是一种少见的肘部损伤,系暴力经桡骨头撞击肱骨远端,造成肱骨小头和滑车骨折所致。Bryan-Morrey分型常用于指导骨折治疗。保守治疗要达到骨折准确复位和维持复位困难,缺血性坏死发生率明显增加;切开复位内固定是治疗的理想选择,但手术入路和内固定材料的选择存在争议,文献中多推荐肘外侧入路和空心螺钉内固定。对特殊类型骨折,骨折块切除术和肘关节置换术可取得很好疗效;关节镜下复位内固定成为一种新型微创治疗方式。术后早期进行功能锻炼,是肘关节功能恢复的关键步骤。     

前置钢板微创固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的可行性研究

Objective To evaluate effects of minimal invasive plating for treatment of mid-distal humeral shaft fractures.Methods From May 2004 to December 2007, 20 patients with isolated unilat-eral mid-distal third humeral shaft fractures were surgically treated with close reduction and internal fixation using a 4.5 mm dynamic compression plate which was anteriorly inserted through 2 small incisions on the anterior aspects of proximal and distal parts of the arm, away from the fracture site.The postoperative function of the radial nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve, the postoperative alignment of the main fragments on the anteroposterior radiographs, the bone healing time and muscle strength of biceps muscles were measured and recorded, Results Four patients complained of numbness at the area innervated by the lateral ante-braehial cutaneous nerve in the affected forearm after the surgery.No signs of iatrogenic radial nerve palsies occurred after the surgery.A completely normal alignment was achieved in 7 patients, but varus of 11° was found in 2 cases and varus of 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7° and 10° in one each.Valgus deformity was noticed in 4 cases, and valgus of 3°, 4°, 6° and 7° in one each.The mean follow-up of 10.4 months for 19 patients re-vealed bony union of all the fractures.The average bone healing time was 13.4 weeks.At the latest follow-up, the biceps muscle strength of all the patients was 5 degrees.Hardwires were removed in 5 patients without any complications.Conclusions Minimally invasive anterior plating is a safe alternative osteosynthesis for mid-distal third humeral shaft fractures.However, this technique may interfere with the function of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.