复合诱变法选育普那霉素高产菌株

以始旋链霉菌(Streptomyces pristinaespiralis)ZP2为出发菌株,经紫外线(UV)、亚硝基胍(NTG)复合诱变,并结合普那霉素抗性突变株的理化筛选,选育到一株高产突变菌株UN2056,其普那霉素产量达到1490 mg/L,比出发菌株提高了45.7%.传代试验表明该高产突变菌株的高产性能遗传特性稳定.高产突变株UN2056在5 L发酵罐中进行发酵试验,其平均发酵产量达到1645 mg/L,比出发菌株提高了60.8%.     

Antitumor and antioxidant activity of protocatechualdehyde produced from Streptomyces lincolnensis M-20

We characterized the biological functions of protocatechualdehyde (PA) isolated from the butanol extract of culture supernatant from Streptomyces lincolnensis M-20. Following butanol extraction, it was purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. PA was analyzed by Furier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Gas chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). PA had potent antioxidant activity, as measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Antitumor activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. PA treatment (0∼150 μM) dose-dependently blocked apoptosis, as shown by improved cell viability and inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Our findings suggest that Streptomyces lincolnensis M-20, a lincomycin producer, also produces protocatechualdehyde.     

纳他霉素产生菌基因组重排育种

Streptomyces gilvosporeus SG-1原生质体经紫外线诱变并筛选链霉素抗性菌株，获得纳他霉素高产菌株。在上述高产突变株中选择4株作为亲本进行基因组重排育种，筛选得到了高产重排菌株，其中一株重排菌株S．gilvosporeus GS-74的纳他霉素产量为3574mg／L。为产量最高的亲本菌株的153％，比原始出发菌株SG-1提高1.17倍。     

一株产抑制真菌活性全霉素的胶州湾海洋链霉菌

目的研究胶州湾海洋链霉菌M095抑菌活性代谢产物及菌株M095的分类。方法采用ESI-MS,EI-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR和APTNMR等波谱分析进行结构测定;并根据培养特征、形态特征及16SrDNA序列分析进行分类。结果获得一种对金黄色葡萄球菌和丝状真菌毛霉miehei(Tü284)均有显著抑制作用的化合物,经鉴定其结构与全霉素相同;该菌株可能为球孢类群中的一个变种。结论本文首次报道了全霉素对丝状真菌的抑制作用,拓宽了全霉素的抗菌谱。     

链霉菌RX-17溶菌酶的产生条件及溶菌特异性研究

通过液体及平板溶菌活性测定，证明了灰色链霉菌(Streptomyces griseus)RX-17发酵液中存在对变链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)lngbritt有强力溶解作用的物质-RX-17溶菌酶。产酶培养基碳、氮源最适配比为蔗糖3％、大豆蛋白胨1．25％、牛肉膏0．2％；最适产酶温度为33℃；高溶氧水平对酶的产生有利。溶菌特异性试验证实了RX-17溶菌酶对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、乳脂链球菌(S．cremaris)、保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)、短乳杆菌(L．brevis)、产氨短杆菌(Brevibacterium ammoniagenes)及铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)等多种G^ 、G^-细菌均有良好的溶解作用。     

一种新的链霉菌表达载体启动子

eryA基因直接控制着红霉素母环6-脱氧-红霉内酯B的合成,在红霉素生物合成过程中具有重要作用。本文克隆了eryA基因的启动子PeryA,以绿色荧光蛋白基因为报告基因,构建了大肠埃希菌-糖多孢红霉菌穿梭型质粒。PEG介导原生质体转化法将穿梭型质粒分别转入糖多孢红霉菌A226与变铅青链霉菌JT46,荧光显微镜检测发现,此启动子在两菌株中都具有功能。随后,以变铅青链霉菌JT46为宿主,对PeryA启动子区域进行了深入研究,结果发现该启动子的-35区并不是必需的,仅有-10区、长度为41bp的该启动子在链霉菌中仍具有功能。定点突变证明-10区对于该启动子是必不可少的。因此,41bp的该启动子片段可作为链霉菌的有效启动子,这是迄今为止所发现的最短的启动子之一,可用于构建新的链霉菌表达载体。     

吸水链霉菌井冈变种原生质体的制备与再生

目的研究井冈霉素产生菌吸水链霉菌井冈变种的原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件。方法使用溶菌酶水解菌体细胞壁法,分别考察影响吸水链霉菌井冈变种原生质体的制备与再生的各种因素。结果在R2YE液体培养基中,一级菌丝体的最佳培养时间为24 h,二级菌丝体的最佳培养时间为16 h,最佳甘氨酸质量浓度为5 g.L-1,最佳溶菌酶质量浓度为2 g.L-1,最佳酶解时间为60 min,最佳再生培养基为R2YE,原生质体的再生率最高可达到15.79%。结论本实验确定了吸水链霉菌井冈变种的原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件,能够得到较高的再生率。     

产黄青霉penDE基因的克隆及其在带小棒链霉菌中的表达

penDE基因编码40k的酰基-CoA：6-APA酰基转移酶（IAT），可催化产黄青霉中青霉素生物合成途径的最后一步酶反应。利用RT-PCR法从产黄青霉中扩增得1．1kbp的不含内含子的penDE基因，并将其克隆至大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭质粒pUWL201，使PenDE基因位于ermEp启动子的下游，再将其转化带小棒链霉菌，获得了能够表达IAT的转化子。PDAB法和抗菌活性测定表明，所表达的IAT蛋白对6-氨基青霉烷酸和苯乙酰COA有明显的活性。     

Purification and biochemical properties of phospholipase d (PLD57) produced by<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces</Emphasis> sp. CS-57

Streptomyces sp. CS-57, which was isolated from Korean soil, was found to produce phospholipase D (PLD57) as an extracellular enzyme when cultured in medium containing 2% glucose, 1.5% yeast extract, 0.5% trypton, and 0.1% calcium carbonate at 28 degrees C, and 160-rpm. PLD57 was purified using Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange column chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme increased 6.7 fold with 3% recovery. The purified enzyme was then analyzed using 12% SDS-PAGE, which revealed that the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 55 kDa. PLD57 showed both hydrolytic (H) and transphosphatidylation (T) activity, and the optimum temperatures of these activities were found to be 45 degrees C and 35 degrees C, respectively. Similarly, both of these activities were found to be optimal at a pH of 7.5. In addition, even after being heat treated at 45 degrees C for up to 2 h, the enzyme activity remained at 100%, and the H-activity was found to be stable at a pH of 6 to 8. Further, enzyme activity occurred in the presence of EDTA, indicating that metal ions are not required for their activity, although some metal ions did marginally increase the activity. Enzyme activity also increased by 75% in the presence of Triton-X 100 at a concentration of 0.375 %; however, none of the other detergents evaluated in this study were found to enhance enzyme activity.     

棒状链霉菌中lat基因的置换与克拉维酸的选择性生产

目的提高棒状链霉菌的克拉维酸生产能力 ,去除副产物头霉素C。方法将安普霉素抗性基因片段插入到 4 7kb的lat pcbAB基因片段中 ,采用接合转移方法对棒状链霉菌中头霉素C生物合成的关键基因lat基因进行了置换。结果与结论经PCR验证 ,染色体上正常的lat pcbAB基因被插入失活的基因所替代。对重组菌株的发酵产物进行HPLC检测 ,发现所有的重组菌株均不再合成头霉素C ,并且重组菌株C35 85 lat ::apr、C2 5 1 lat::apr和C16 6 lat::apr的克拉维酸产量较出发菌株分别提高了 2 6 7 6 8%、4 3 6 9%和 35 0 5 %。结果表明基因插入失活是去除多余组分 ,提高目标组分产量的可行途径