Adriamycin binding assay: a valuable chemosensitivity test in human osteosarcoma

Summary The reliability of a simple method evaluating the pattern of subcellular binding of Adriamycin (Adriamycin binding assay, ABA) as an index of sensitivity was demonstrated in different primary cultures and in sensitive and resistant cell lines of human osteosarcoma. After exposure to Adriamycin (10 g/ml for 30 min at 37°C), living sensitive cells showed selective intranuclear uptake of the drug, whereas in resistant cells no distinct subcellular distribution was observed. The binding pattern of Adriamycin in sensitive and in highly resistant cells was inversely related to the expression of P-glycoprotein. However, low levels of resistance in vitro, not detectable by increased levels of expression of P-glycoprotein, were revealed by ABA. The use of ABA in combination with the estimate of P-glycoprotein expression is recommended in clinical practice as an accurate means for predicting the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to Adriamycin.This study was supported by a grant from the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (A.I.R.C.).     

骨肉瘤中雄激素受体与临床及预后的关系

根据 6 5例骨肉瘤雄激素受体 (AR)表达 ,结合临床资料及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果 :不同性别、年龄、发病部位的骨肉瘤中 AR表达的阳性率无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;临床无转移、存活时间长之骨肉瘤中 AR表达的阳性率低于临床有转移、存活时间短者 ,差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。认为骨肉瘤中 AR水平检测可为骨肉瘤生物学行为 ,以及患者的预后评估及内分泌治疗提供重要的理论依据     

Two‐Piece Hollow Bulb Obturator for Postsurgical Partial Maxillectomy Defect in a Young Patient Revamping Lost Malar Prominence: A Clinical Report

The most frequent type of treatment for patients diagnosed with a malignant neoplasia of the oral cavity is surgical resection of the tumor. Ablative surgery may be followed by a reconstructive phase, in which the surgeon may choose between local flaps, nonvascularized bone grafts or free vascularized flaps to close the surgical site, depending on the general conditions of the patient. Esthetic and functional results are challenging to achieve for the prosthodontist, as variable amount of hard and soft tissues are removed. This report describes the fabrication of a two‐piece hollow obturator for a 19‐year‐old patient who underwent wide surgical excision of the osteosarcoma of the maxilla and was rehabilitated to function. In this case, the surgical site was covered with submental flap, and the second piece of the obturator provided fullness to the lost malar prominence.     

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 expression in paediatric tumour cells. Effects of tumour cell proliferation modulators on gelatinolytic activity

We have examined the expression of 72-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase or matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and ist inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), in various cell lines derived from paediatric tumours. In a neuroblastoma model system of tumour progression, the expression level of MMP-2 mRNA was higher in the more malignant cell line. Surprisingly, MMP-2 was not expressed in the highly malignant rhabdomyosarcoma A-204 cell line. TIMP-2 showed higher expression levels in the 007 and U-2OS tumour cell lines than in the more malignant ones, WAC2 and A-204 cells. We have also determined the effect of some tumour cell proliferation modulators on gelatinolytic activity. While basic fibroblast growth factor and retinoic acid produced no apparent change in gelatinolytic activity, genistein induced in partial inhibition of gelatinolytic activity.Abbreviations MMP matrix metalloproteinase - TIMP tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases - bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor - GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - ECM extracellular matrix     

CT灌注成像在骨肉瘤疗效评价中的应用

目的 探讨CT灌注成像(CTPI)在骨肉瘤抗血管生成治疗及化疗疗效判断中的应用价值。方法 将25例原发性骨肉瘤患者随机分为两组:化疗+抗血管生成治疗组(n=14)和化疗组(n=11),对所有病例在治疗前后行64层螺旋CT扫描,分别比较治疗前后肿瘤体积及灌注参数的差别,并对灌注参数与肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)值进行相关性分析。结果 化疗+抗血管生成治疗后,该组患者血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、Patlak血容量(PBV)和对比剂起始时间(TTS)下降显著(P＜0.05),毛细血管通透性(PS)和对比剂峰值时间(TTP)变化不明显(P＞0.05)。化疗组患者治疗前后各项参数变化均不显著(P＞0.05)。治疗前后两组肿瘤体积改变均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。两组BF、BV、PBV和PS值均与MVD呈正相关(P＜0.05),TTS、TTP与MVD无相关关系(P>0.05)。化疗+抗血管生成治疗组和化疗组两年生存率分别为84.71%、55.25%,两组生存曲线整体比较具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 CTPI可为观察骨肉瘤治疗后改变及判断预后提供更多的客观依据。     

骨肉瘤细胞中端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA的表达及意义

目的研究不同骨肉瘤细胞中人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）mRNA成分的表达情况。方法用全基因组芯片检测人骨肉瘤细胞U2-OS、MG-63、SAOS-2及人成骨细胞hFOB1．19中hTERTmRNA表达;用逆转录PCR、实时定量PCR法检测人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa、人骨肉瘤细胞U2-OS、MG-63、SAOS-2及人成骨细胞hFOBl．19中hTERTmRNA表达。结果全基因组芯片法显示MG-63、SAOS-2、U2-OS、hFOB1．19细胞系中hTERTmRNA表达强度分别为0．9、-0．1、-0．8、11．4,各细胞系均处于相对低表达水平;荧光实时定量PCR法显示MG-63、Hela细胞系中hTERTmRNA相对表达水平分别为1．00±0．08和2．13±0．11,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论hTERTmRNA在骨肉瘤各细胞系中表达率较低,端粒延伸替代机制可能在骨肉瘤端粒维持方面发挥重要作用。     

癌基因Twist在骨肉瘤中的研究进展

Twist属于高度保守的碱性螺旋-环-螺旋结构的转录因子家族,在动物和人胚胎发育、诱导细胞移动及组织塑形中起主要作用。Twist是一种癌基因,与许多肿瘤有密切关系,其中与骨肉瘤发生、侵袭和转移也有重要关系。骨肉瘤是一种最常见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤,恶性程度高,愈后差,以截肢术为主的手术治疗是过去标准的治疗手段,随着近年来新辅助化疗、基因靶向治疗等非手术治疗的发展,保肢手术为骨肉瘤患者带来了新的希望。癌基因Twist的深入研究将为骨肉瘤的诊断、治疗及预后提供了一个新的靶点。     

鼻咽癌放疗诱发骨肉瘤的影像学分析

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗诱发骨肉瘤的影像表现,并复习相关文献,以期对其进一步认识。资料与方法回顾性分析4例经病理证实的继发于鼻咽癌放疗的骨肉瘤患者的影像资料,4例均行CT平扫,3例行增强扫描,1例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果病变位于上颌骨、下颌骨、颈部软组织及鼻腔各1例。CT像上4例均见软组织肿块包绕大小不等的高密度瘤骨,3例与周围组织分界不清且均有邻近骨质破坏,另1例有包膜与周围组织分界清晰;增强扫描3例,1例包膜环形强化,3例软组织肿块不均匀轻度强化,中央坏死区无强化;MRI表现为1例T1WI、T2WI均为混杂信号,中央瘤骨为低信号,增强扫描,病灶不均匀明显强化。病理表现为2例来源于颌骨,软骨母细胞型及纤维母细胞型各1例,1例考虑为来源于软组织骨软骨瘤放疗后软骨母细胞型骨肉瘤,1例为来源于鼻腔纤维母细胞型骨肉瘤。结论瘤骨为鼻咽癌放疗诱发骨肉瘤的主要特征表现,结合临床与影像学检查,可提高对该病的诊断水平。     

43例骨肉瘤患者预后的多因素分析

目的：探讨影响骨肉瘤患者预后的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2005年3月至2007年3月手术治疗并经病理证实的43例骨肉瘤患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、部位、病程、化疗前血清碱性磷酸酶水平、术前化疗、En-neking分期、手术方式及远处转移情况等9项相关因素,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,应用Log-rank检验行单因素分析,COX检验行多因素分析,研究这些因素与骨肉瘤患者3年生存率之间的关系。采用精确概率Fisher检验研究化疗疗效对骨肉瘤患者预后的影响。结果：43例均获随访,28例存活,15例死亡,生存时间6～65个月,平均39.7个月,中位生存时间42个月,3年总生存率65.1%。单因素分析显示,骨肉瘤预后与部位（P=0.010）、Enneking分期（P=0.002）、手术方式（P=0.000）、远处转移（P=0.002）有相关性;COX多因素分析显示Enneking分期（P=0.028）、手术方式（P=0.001）及远处转移（P=0.007）是影响骨肉瘤患者预后的独立因素。Fisher精确检验显示,尽管术前是否行新辅助化疗对预后影响不明显,但是新辅助化疗疗效的好坏是患者预后的重要影响因素（P=0.007）。结论：骨肉瘤预后与En-neking分期、手术方式及远处转移密切相关,早期发现及充分切除肿瘤是提高骨肉瘤预后可干预措施。     

骨肉瘤分子边界相关标记物的研究进展

骨肉瘤边界包含着丰富的肿瘤病变的特征信息,对疾病的分类、临床治疗方案设定、疾病预后具有重要意义。分子生物学和基因组学研究的不断深入,为骨肉瘤的分子边界研究提供了理论基础,并且为检测分子边界相关标志物提供了必要的技术手段．一些新的分子标记物也随之被提出并研究。本文就目前相关领域的骨肉瘤分子边界相关标记物进行综述。