安徽省卫生服务体系整合结构和有效性研究——以马鞍山市、肥西县和肥东县为例

目的:通过对安徽省三县市卫生服务体系整合结构和有效性的研究,为促进卫生服务体系整合提供政策建议。方法:采用典型抽样,对安徽省马鞍山市、肥西县和肥东县卫生服务体系进行案例分析。数据主要来源于机构调查问卷、医生和患者调查问卷和机构关键知情人访谈。定量和定性数据分析相结合,采用社会网络分析方法分析体系整合结构和有效性。结果:马鞍山市卫生服务体系结构的整合度最高,其次是肥西县,肥东县最低。体系有效性与结构整合程度一致。三县市的卫生服务体系在整合方面均存在优势和不足。结论:卫生服务体系整合效果是各体系内外环境综合作用的产物。马鞍山市的市立医疗集团改革和肥西县的县乡医联体改革在整合卫生服务体系结构的同时对卫生服务体系的有效性产生了积极影响。     

棉袜固定小儿患者外周静脉留置针的效果评价

目的:探讨减少小儿患者静脉留置针的针头滑出、液体渗出、意外拔针的概率,延长外周静脉留置针的时间.方法:将150例静脉留置针输液患者随机分成3组各50例.A组留置针穿刺成功后用3M透明敷料固定和胶布外固定,B组外用弹力绷带包扎固定,C组外用小儿自己的棉袜包扎固定.比较3组外周静脉留置针的针头滑出、液体渗出、意外拔针情况和留置时间.结果:B、C组针头滑出、液体渗出、意外拔针比A组明显下降,留置时间明显长于A组.结论:外用小儿自己的棉袜包扎固定,延长了患儿外周静脉留置针的时间,减轻了患儿的痛苦,同时减轻了护士的工作量,减少了患儿的经济费用,医护、患者及其家属均易接受.     

Plasma Exchange Versus Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in the Treatment of Guillain‐Barré Syndrome

Abstract: Previous studies have shown that both plasma exchange (PE) and double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) are effective treatments in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Whether PE and DFPP have similar effects in GBS is not clear. This report compares the therapeutic effectiveness of PE and DFPP in GBS patients treated in 3 major hospitals in northern Taiwan. A total of 102 patients were included in this survey, including 39 with PE (hereafter PE group) and 63 with DFPP (hereafter DFPP group). Both groups showed significant improvement of disability scores after treatment. However, time to onset of effect was shorter (5.6 ± 3.5 versus 7 ± 3.4 days, p < 0.05), and changes of disability scores were more prominent (1.3 ± 0.8 versus 0.8 ± 0.8, p < 0.05) in the PE group than the DFPP group. Mortality and outcome after 6 months were not different between the 2 groups. In conclusion, both PE and DFPP are effective treatments in GBS. PE was superior to DFPP in short‐term effectiveness. The long‐term effectiveness was not different.     

Uso de la infusión intestinal continua de levodopa-carbidopa en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada en España. Subanálisis por comunidades autónomas

ObjectivesTo compare the characteristics of patients undergoing treatment with continuous intestinal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa (CIILC) for advanced Parkinson's disease and the data on the effectiveness and safety of CIILC in the different autonomous communities (AC) of Spain.MethodsA retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was carried out into 177 patients from 11 CAs who underwent CIILC between January 2006 and December 2011. We analysed data on patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics, variables related to effectiveness (changes in off time/on time with or without disabling dyskinesia; changes in Hoehn and Yahr scale and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores; non-motor symptoms; and Clinical Global Impression scale scores) and safety (adverse events), and the rate of CIILC discontinuation.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between CAs for several baseline variables: duration of disease progression prior to CIILC onset, off time (34.9-59.7%) and on time (2.6-48.0%; with or without disabling dyskinesia), Hoehn and Yahr score during on time, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III score during both on and off time, presence of ≥ 4 motor symptoms, and CIILC dose. Significant differences were observed during follow-up (> 24 months in 9 of the 11 CAs studied) for the percentage of off time and on time without disabling dyskinesia, adverse events frequency, and Clinical Global Impression scores. The rate of CIILC discontinuation was between 20-40% in 9 CAs (78 and 80% in remaining 2 CAs).ConclusionsThis study reveals a marked variability between CAs in terms of patient selection and CIILC safety and effectiveness. These results may have been influenced by patients’ baseline characteristics, the availability of multidisciplinary teams, and clinical experience.     

四川省精神科医师转岗培训效果及影响因素

目的评价四川省精神科医师转岗培训效果,分析培训效果的影响因素,为制定精神科人才培养方案提供参考。方法纳入2015年1月-2018年12月在四川省六家区域精神卫生中心参加四川省第一至四期精神科医师转岗培训并考核合格的学员为研究对象,学员进行系统的理论学习、临床实践、社区实践共三个阶段的培训。在第一阶段理论培训和第三阶段社区实践结束时,分别进行闭卷考试,将两次考试成绩作为培训效果的评价指标。结果不同受教育程度、不同年龄、不同医院类型、不同医院级别、不同临床实践地的学员考核成绩差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01),转岗培训学员两次考核成绩均高于规培学员,差异均有统计学意义[(77.00±8.55)分vs.(70.90±6.81)分,(77.24±8.80)分vs.(69.00±7.66)分,P均0.05]。结论在精神科医师转岗培训中,限定学员基础学历要求(本科及以上)以及合理分配临床实践基地可能是提升培训效果的重要措施。     

血流导向装置治疗基底动脉巨大动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨血流导向装置（FD）治疗基底动脉巨大动脉瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年7月至2020年7月采用FD治疗的17例基底动脉巨大动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 17例（17个动脉瘤）共置入28枚FD（22枚Pipeline支架,6枚Tubridge支架）,成功释放27枚。术后发生并发症共11例（64.7%,11/17）,其中缺血6例,出血2例,占位效应加重3例。14例临床随访1~60个月,平均（18.1±16.3）个月;预后良好（改良Rankin量表评分0~2分）11例,重残1例,死亡2例。10例影像学随访3~60个月,平均（17.8±18.9）个月;8例动脉瘤完全闭塞,2例残腔稳定;9例载瘤动脉通畅,1例因术中支架脱入动脉瘤瘤腔内而闭塞基底动脉。结论 对于基底动脉巨大动脉瘤,FD治疗的动脉瘤闭塞率较高,效果良好;但是术后并发症不容忽视,临床应注意防治。     

琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性分析

目的分析琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法选取70岁以上伴有快速永久性心房颤动40例。在基础治疗上加用小剂量酒石酸美托洛尔片逐渐达到靶剂量,2周后按照1∶1更换为琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片,继续观察2周。分别记录患者症状、清晨静息心率,检查B型尿钠肽、动态心电图及动态血压并进行分析。结果琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片的治疗靶剂量为（66.25±18.75） mg。患者在琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗后症状、24 h平均心率、清晨静息心率、24 h平均血压、B型尿钠肽均较用药前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片当使用到靶剂量时最长R-R间期无明显延长,患者未出现不适症状。结论在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中,琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片有着良好的临床疗效和安全性,值得临床应用。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的临床可行性研究

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床可行性。方法:回顾性分析包头医学院第一附属医院普通外科2012年8月—2013年10月期间85例胆囊结石、胆囊息肉行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者资料,其中41例行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(单孔组),44例行传统三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(三孔组),比较两组的相关临床指标。结果:腹腔镜手术均获成功,无中转开腹;单孔组手术时间明显长于传统组的[(31.73±4.22)min vs.(15.43±1.81)min,P=0.000];两组术中出血量、术后住院时间、住院费用、切口感染率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);单孔组术后应用镇痛药物比例明显低于三孔组(7.32%vs.34.09%,P=0.003);两组术后均无胆瘘及其他严重并发症。结论:单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的治疗效果相同,但单孔腹腔镜手术在微创方面更具有优越性。