超声引导髂筋膜间隙阻滞两种穿刺方式对全髋关节置换术后镇痛效果影响的随机对照研究

目的 对比超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞两种穿刺方式对神经阻滞成功率及全髋关节置换术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 经北京大学第三医院伦理委员会批准,选择2013年10月至2014年5月于北京大学第三医院行择期全髋关节置换术的患者60例,全麻诱导前行超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞.根据超声探头平行还是垂直于腹股沟韧带放置,将患者随机分为平行组与垂直组.2组患者均给予等容量1％罗哌卡因+1％利多卡因共30 ml.2组术后采用静脉自控镇痛.记录超声成像时间、穿刺注药时间和操作时间,30 min内股神经、股外侧皮神经支配区域感觉阻滞起效情况,阻滞后4、8、12、24、36、48 h患者静息状态疼痛评分,首次使用PCA时间,术后各时间点累计舒芬太尼用量,各种不良反应发生率.结果 平行组、垂直组超声成像时间分别为(3.1±1.2)、(5.0±1.7) min,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.128,P＜0.05).平行组、垂直组操作时间分别为(5.2±1.3)、(7.1±2.0) min,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.376,P＜0.05).2组股神经感觉阻滞起效均达到100％.垂直组股外侧皮神经感觉阻滞成功率为100％,高于平行组的83.3％(x2 =5.455,P＜0.05).2组阻滞后4、8、12 h股外侧皮神经阻滞率垂直组高于平行组(P＜0.05).阻滞后8、12、24、36、48 h累计舒芬太尼用量平行组高于垂直组(P＜0.05).术后各时间点静息数字化疼痛评分、镇痛满意度、不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 探头垂直于腹股沟韧带平面内进针比探头平行于腹股沟韧带进针对股外侧皮神经能产生更好的阻滞效果,可降低术后舒芬太尼用量,可能更适用于全髋关节置换术后镇痛.     

帕瑞昔布联合塞来昔布在妇科腹腔镜手术围手术期的应用

目的：观察帕瑞昔布联合塞来昔布在妇科腹腔镜手术的镇痛效果和安全性,为临床术后镇痛提供参考。方法选择全麻下妇科腹腔镜手术患者158例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组79例。观察组术前24小时给塞来昔布200 mg口服,术前12小时塞来昔布200 mg口服,切皮前30分钟给予帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射,手术结束前30分钟给予帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射,术后12小时帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射。对照组手术结束前30分钟给予帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射,术后12小时生理盐水2 mL静脉注射。两组术后若VAS评分>4分,则追加曲马多。记录两组患者术后清醒拔管1、4、8、12、24、48与72小时的VAS 评分与追加曲马多药物剂量,统计分析术后不良反应发生情况、术前术后焦虑抑郁评分及术后慢性疼痛发生情况。结果观察组各个时点的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);观察组患者术后并发症较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);观察组术前术后焦虑抑郁评分差值与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。结论帕瑞昔布联合塞来昔布在妇科腹腔镜手术术后镇痛有明显效果,减少了术后镇痛药物并发症发生,降低了术后疼痛评分,减少了其他类镇痛药使用量,缓解了术后焦虑抑郁情绪,预防了患者术后慢性疼痛的发生。     

序贯镇痛镇静对预防行机械通气治疗患儿撤机后谵妄及撤药反应的效果研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨行机械通气治疗患儿在撤机后序贯维持镇痛镇静药物对预防谵妄及撤药反应的效果。方法回顾性将2019年12月至2021年9月广东医科大学附属东莞市儿童医院儿童重症监护室收治的机械通气支持≥5 d的61例患儿分为对照组(30例,撤机后无镇痛镇静药物维持)及观察组(31例,撤机后序贯镇痛镇静药物维持48 h),记录两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h索菲亚撤药反应观察量表(Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms Scale,SOS)评分、儿童谵妄量表(Paediatric Delirium Scale,PD)评分、Richmond躁动镇静量表(Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale,RASS)评分及谵妄发生例数、撤药反应发生例数,并进行比较分析。结果两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h谵妄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组撤机后24 h及72 h撤药反应发生率、SOS评分、PD评分、RASS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论撤机后序贯镇痛镇静可降低行机械通气治疗重症患儿撤机后72 h内撤药反应发生率,但不能有效降低患儿撤机后谵妄发生率。     

地佐辛硬膜外与静脉用药在产科术后镇痛中的效果比较

目的：探讨地佐辛在产科术后镇痛中,静脉用药与硬膜外用药镇痛的效果比较。方法选择2014年6~12月于本院就诊的90例接受手术的产妇,随机分为A组、B组和对照组C组,每组30例。 A组采用术后静脉应用地佐辛5 mg镇痛,B组采用术后硬膜外应用地佐辛5 mg镇痛,对照组C组给予硬膜外推注生理盐水10 ml;比较3组术后各时间点的VAS评分,药物不良反应和术后满意度。结果3组患者术后2 h的VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者VAS评分在术后4 h明显低于对照组C组(P<0.05);B组患者VAS评分在术后4、8、12 h时均低于对照组C组(P<0.05);术后8、12 h时,B组患者VAS评分明显低于A组患者评分(P<0.05),术后24 h时,3组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A、B组患者术后无明显不良反应,C组患者出现2例术后寒战;A、B组术后镇痛满意度好于C组;B组满意度好于A组。结论地佐辛在产科术后镇痛中,硬膜外用药镇痛效果在时效方面较静脉用药更有优势,且患者满意度高。     

帕瑞昔布不同给药方式对开腹术后镇痛及胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的：观察帕瑞昔布钠联合芬太尼静脉自控镇痛（PCA）不同给药方式在开腹术后应用的有效性和安全性。方法择期开腹手术患者75例,随机分为单次给药组（S组）、多次给药组（M组）和对照组（C组）,每组25例。S组于手术结束前30 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,术后12 h、24 h静注生理盐水10 ml;M组在相应时间给予帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;C组在相应时间给予生理盐水,术后所有患者接受PCA治疗。观察术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的VAS评分,0～12 h、12～24 h、24～48 h镇痛泵有效按压次数和芬太尼用量、首次排气、排便时间、Ramsay评分、恶心呕吐发生情况。结果三组术后各时点VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;M组镇痛泵有效按压次数和芬太尼总消耗量显著低于S组和C组（P＜0.05）;胃肠功能恢复时间M组早于S组和C组（P＜0.05）;三组不良反应差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论开腹手术术后采用帕瑞昔布钠多次给药联合芬太尼静脉自控镇痛,镇痛效果明确,芬太尼消耗量降低,胃肠功能恢复较快。     

Effectiveness of repetitive trancranial or peripheral magnetic stimulation in neuropathic pain

Purpose: Maladaptive plasticity in the sensorimotor system, following neurological lesions or diseases, plays a central role in the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Repetitive magnetic stimulation of the central and peripheral nervous system has gained relevance as noninvasive approach for neuromodulation and pain relief. Systematic reviews that evaluate the effectiveness and specificity of different protocols of repetitive magnetic stimulation to control neuropathic pain in clinical populations have the potential to improve the therapeutic applicability of this technique.

Methods: Studies whose primary goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive magnetic stimulation for the treatment of various types of neuropathic pain published in PubMed until August 2015 have been included in this systematic review.

Results: A total of 39 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed of which 37 studies investigated pain modulation using repetitive magnetic stimulation over the motor or non-motor cortices and two studies evaluated pain modulation using repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation protocols.

Conclusions: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex using high frequency stimulation protocols can effectively reduce neuropathic pain, particularly in individuals with pain related to non-cerebral lesions. The application of multiple sessions can lead to long-lasting pain modulation and cumulative effects.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Maladaptive plasticity plays a central role in sensitization of nociceptive pathways, generation and maintainance of neuropathic pain;

• Most neuropathic pain conditions are refractory to pharmacological therapies;

• Repetitive magnetic stimulation of the central and peripheral nervous system has gained relevance as noninvasive approach for neuromodulation and pain relief.

     

不同干预方法缓解新生儿疼痛效果的对比研究

目的对比不同干预方法缓解新生儿疼痛的效果,探索有效缓解新生儿疼痛的方法。方法选用N-PASS量表(neonatalpain,agitationandsedationscale)对120例住院新生儿进行疼痛评分,按随机原则分3组:未干预组(对照组)、应用非营养性吸吮(NNS)组和给予体位支持组,每组40例。分别于针刺足跟后1,5min进行疼痛程度评分。结果3组间的疼痛评分在刺激后1,5min各组间评分差异有显著性(F值=22.13,P<0.05;F值=22.44,P<0.05)。疼痛程度方面,不同的干预方法在1min的轻、中度疼痛的镇痛效果之间存在明显差异(χ2值=9.67,P<0.05;χ2值=7.85,P<0.05),对重度疼痛和5min时疼痛的缓解效果,各种干预方法之间无显著差异。结论新生儿对急性、短暂性疼痛很敏感;不同的干预方法对缓解新生儿疼痛的近期效果不同,NNS在短期内缓解疼痛的效果优于体位支持组;非药物疼痛干预方法对新生儿轻、中度疼痛效果好,在短时间内作用显著;应重视对新生儿疼痛的管理。     

Efeitos de tramadol,magnésio e cetamina por via intra‐articular sobre a dor pós‐operatória em meniscectomia artroscópica

Objective

Postoperative pain control is important in terms of early recovery and rehabilitation in arthroscopic meniscectomy. For this purpose, we aimed to compare the effects of intraarticular tramadol, magnesium, and ketamine with combinations of pericapsular bupivacaine on postoperative pain and recovery in arthroscopic meniscectomy.

Dural puncture epidural versus conventional epidural block for labor analgesia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

IntroductionDural puncture epidural (DPE) analgesia is a modification of conventional epidural analgesia that involves the intentional puncture of the dura with a spinal needle through the needle placed in the epidural space, without a medication being injected intrathecally. There have been contradictory findings regarding better analgesia and better block quality.MethodsA systematic literature search was done to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing DPE with epidural analgesia. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool. Risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsFive RCTs including 581 patients were identified. One RCT on caesarean section was excluded. Single studies suggested slightly better analgesia by finding a median time to achieve sufficient analgesia of two minutes less in the DPE group, a higher number of women having a pain score <10/100 at 20 min, a reduction in the number of epidural top-ups and better sacral spread. The studies did not show a difference between DPE and epidural analgesia for catheter replacement or manipulation rates, the incidence of intravascular placement or unilateral block.ConclusionThere is a lack of clear evidence on either the benefits or the risks of the DPE technique, such that a recommendation for or against its routine use is premature. Two of the three studies showing a beneficial effect of DPE came from the same institution and replication of the findings by other groups is warranted.