无线镇痛泵系统的应用效果探讨

目的：探讨和评价无线镇痛系统在术后镇痛中的应用效果。方法选择2011年8月—2012年2月收治的200例行择期手术的患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组100例。试验组采用无线镇痛系统行术后皮下自控镇痛（PCSA）,对照组采用普通的全自动注药泵行术后皮下自控镇痛。观察患者的满意度、VAS评分、麻醉医生的被回叫率及恶心呕吐、头晕、呼吸抑制和皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率。结果两组在患者满意度、术后48 h 的 VAS评分和被回叫率方面差异有统计学意义。结论无线镇痛泵系统在功能上作了大量的修改与补充,在提高镇痛质量的同时能减轻医务人员的工作量。     

The evaluation and management of urolithiasis in the ED: A review of the literature

Background

Urolithiasis is a common condition in the U.S. Patients frequently present to the emergency department (ED) for care, including analgesia and treatments to facilitate stone passage.

序贯镇痛镇静对预防行机械通气治疗患儿撤机后谵妄及撤药反应的效果研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨行机械通气治疗患儿在撤机后序贯维持镇痛镇静药物对预防谵妄及撤药反应的效果。方法回顾性将2019年12月至2021年9月广东医科大学附属东莞市儿童医院儿童重症监护室收治的机械通气支持≥5 d的61例患儿分为对照组(30例,撤机后无镇痛镇静药物维持)及观察组(31例,撤机后序贯镇痛镇静药物维持48 h),记录两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h索菲亚撤药反应观察量表(Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms Scale,SOS)评分、儿童谵妄量表(Paediatric Delirium Scale,PD)评分、Richmond躁动镇静量表(Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale,RASS)评分及谵妄发生例数、撤药反应发生例数,并进行比较分析。结果两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h谵妄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组撤机后24 h及72 h撤药反应发生率、SOS评分、PD评分、RASS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论撤机后序贯镇痛镇静可降低行机械通气治疗重症患儿撤机后72 h内撤药反应发生率,但不能有效降低患儿撤机后谵妄发生率。     

帕瑞昔布联合塞来昔布在妇科腹腔镜手术围手术期的应用

目的：观察帕瑞昔布联合塞来昔布在妇科腹腔镜手术的镇痛效果和安全性,为临床术后镇痛提供参考。方法选择全麻下妇科腹腔镜手术患者158例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组79例。观察组术前24小时给塞来昔布200 mg口服,术前12小时塞来昔布200 mg口服,切皮前30分钟给予帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射,手术结束前30分钟给予帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射,术后12小时帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射。对照组手术结束前30分钟给予帕瑞昔布40 mg静脉注射,术后12小时生理盐水2 mL静脉注射。两组术后若VAS评分>4分,则追加曲马多。记录两组患者术后清醒拔管1、4、8、12、24、48与72小时的VAS 评分与追加曲马多药物剂量,统计分析术后不良反应发生情况、术前术后焦虑抑郁评分及术后慢性疼痛发生情况。结果观察组各个时点的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);观察组患者术后并发症较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);观察组术前术后焦虑抑郁评分差值与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。结论帕瑞昔布联合塞来昔布在妇科腹腔镜手术术后镇痛有明显效果,减少了术后镇痛药物并发症发生,降低了术后疼痛评分,减少了其他类镇痛药使用量,缓解了术后焦虑抑郁情绪,预防了患者术后慢性疼痛的发生。     

右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于病毒性脑炎患者镇痛镇静的临床观察

目的 分析病毒性脑炎患者应用联合右美托咪定及布托啡诺治疗的临床效果.方法 将64例病毒性脑炎患者随机分为对照组及观察组,每组32例.以接受右美托咪定镇痛治疗者为对照组,以联合接受右美托咪定及布托啡诺镇痛治疗者为观察组,对比两组接受治疗后的镇痛镇静效果及药物副作用发生率.结果 观察组接受治疗后止痛起效时间、镇静起效时间、止痛持续时间及镇静持续时间分别为(10.12±2.77) min、(17.71 ±3.51)min、(766.61 ±86.12) min及(653.55±98.32) min明显短于对照组的(13.61 ±3.61)min、(21.67 ±3.26) min、(731.21 ±78.24) min及(610.27 ±86.38) min(P＜0.05);同时治疗前两组生活质量各项评分比较未见统计学差异(P＞0.05),经治疗后观察组生活质量各项评分改善较对照组更为明显(P＜0.05).此外两组药物副作用发生率比较未见统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 联合右美托咪定及布托啡诺治疗可显著提高病毒性脑炎患者的镇痛镇静效果.     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注在胰管结石体外震波碎石术中的应用

目的 评价超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注应用于胰管结石体外震波碎石术(ESWL)中的效果。方法 随机选择60例首次接受ESWL治疗胰管结石的患者,分为R组和TR组(每组n=30)。R组患者仅接受瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI),TR组患者接受瑞芬太尼TCI前30min接受超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞。采用Dixon序贯法计算两组患者的瑞芬太尼半数有效量(EC₅₀),记录患者围术期视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)、Ramsay镇静量表、血流动力学参数、呼吸参数和不良事件。结果 R组和TR组患者瑞芬太尼EC₅₀分别为3.448ng/ml(95%CI:1.636~3.946)和2.523ng/ml(95%CI:0.744~2.991),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组患者疼痛和镇静评分相当。两组患者血流动力学和呼吸参数均无明显差异。与R组相比,TR组不良事件发生率更低(10% vs 56.7%,P＜0.001),瘙痒发生率更低(6.7% vs 26.7%,P=0.038)。结论 腹横肌平面阻滞联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注可为胰管结石ESWL提供满意的镇痛和镇静,且不良事件发生率更低。     

Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients with Fentanyl-Based Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia and Single Antiemetic Prophylaxis

Purpose

We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients with fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and single antiemetic prophylaxis of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5 HT₃)-receptor antagonist after the general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, incidence and risk factors for PONV were evaluated with fentanyl IV-PCA during postoperative 48 hours after various surgeries.

Results

Four hundred-forty patients (23%) of 1878 had showed PONV. PCA was discontinued temporarily in 268 patients (14%), mostly due to PONV (88% of 268 patients). In multivariate analysis, female, non-smoker, history of motion sickness or PONV, long duration of anesthesia (>180 min), use of desflurane and intraoperative remifentanil infusion were independent risk factors for PONV. If one, two, three, four, five, or six of these risk factors were present, the incidences of PONV were 18%, 19%, 22%, 31%, 42%, or 50%. Laparoscopic surgery and higher dose of fentanyl were not risk factors for PONV.

Conclusion

Despite antiemetic prophylaxis with 5 HT₃-receptor antagonist, 23% of patients with fentanyl-based IV-PCA after general anesthesia showed PONV. Long duration of anesthesia and use of desflurane were identified as risk factors, in addition to risk factors of Apfel''s score (female, non-smoker, history of motion sickness or PONV). Also, intraoperative remifentanil infusion was risk factor independent of postoperative opioid use. As the incidence of PONV was up to 50% according to the number of risk factors, risk-adapted, multimodal or combination therapy should be applied.     

Pain assessment and management in the NICU: analysis of an educational intervention for health professionals

Objectiveto study the perception of a Neonatal Intensive Care team on pain assessment and management before and after an educational intervention created and implemented in the unit.Methodsintervention study developed as action research, in three phases. In Phase 1, a quantitative study was performed to identify how professionals perceive pain management in the unit. In Phase 2, an educational intervention was carried out, using the Operational Group (OG), which defined strategies to be adopted to seek improvements in pain assessment and management. In Phase 3, the initial questionnaire was reapplied to assess professionals’ perceptions about the subject after the intervention. All professionals directly working in newborn care were included.Resultsthe perception of professionals about pain management and assessment in the unit showed a statistically significant difference between the two phases of research, highlighting the increase in frequency of reference for evaluation and use of some method of pain relief procedures for most analyzed procedures. Participation in training (one of the strategies defined by the operational group) was reported by 86.4% of the professionals. They reported the use of scales for pain assessment, established by the protocol adopted in the service after the intervention, with a frequency of 94.4%. Changes in pain assessment and management were perceived by 79.6% of the participants.Conclusionthe professionals involved in the educational intervention observed changes in pain management in the unit and related them to the strategies defined and implemented by the OG.