臧克家先生的长寿之道

臧克家老先生住在北京东城区赵堂子胡同一个典型的四合院里。这位曾任<诗刊》主编、与毛泽东主席诗词往来的一代诗坛泰斗,如今已90多岁了。记者采访臧老时,见他身体依然硬朗。他把自己的长寿养生之道归结为:“思想大门洞开,情绪轻松愉快,锻炼、营养、药物,健康恢复快哉!”这是他几十年来与疾病斗争的真实写照,也是他养生经验的总结。     

人工补片在恶性肿瘤人工关节置换修补中的临床应用

目的：对恶性肿瘤假体置换后的患者应用人工补片修复关节囊，探讨其方法和临床应用的价值。方法：回顾总结2003年8月～2005年4月肩、髋和膝关节周围恶性肿瘤病例10例，男7例，女3例；年龄43-65岁，平均52岁。病程3个月～2年，平均1年2个月。肿瘤生长在肱骨上段4例，股骨上段5例，胫骨上段1例。术前、术后10例患者患病关节功能按M1卵关节功能评价系统评定。手术方法：所有患者均实施肿瘤广泛切除加入工关节假体置换术后用人工补片修复关节囊．并进行随访观察。对患者术前和术后的临床结果进行分析评价。结果：全部患者平均随访7个月．10例患者术后伤口引流管平均于术后5天拔除，伤口均Ⅰ期愈合，无术后感染并发症，未发生假体脱位。术前关节功能按MTST关节功能评价系统测定6例为良、4例为可；而术后8为良、2例为可。所有患者最后随访时对治疗结果满意。结论：应用人工补片修复肿瘤关节假体置换后的关节囊，对于其稳定性和动力重建起到了重要的作用．临床效果满意。     

氯沙坦对肾移植术后受者血红蛋白的影响及其使用的安全性

Objective To evaluate the influence of losartan on levels of hemoglobin (Hb) in patients after renal transplantation. The safety of losartan in these patients was also evaluated. Methods Sixty-six hypertensive patients after renal transplantation with stable allograft function and serum creatinine levels below 176. 8 μmol/L (2 mg/dl) were divided into treatment group (n = 34) treated with losartan at a dose of 50 mg/d, and control group (n = 32) not treated with losartan. Each participant was followed up for 6 months, and differences in Hb, whole blood CsA trough concentration, blood pressure (BP), serum creatinine (Cr) and GFR were compared at baseline, and at the month 1, 2, 3 and 6. Results Serum Cr in treatment group showed a slight, hut significant increase at the month 1 (P<0.05 vs baseline), then gradually returned to the baseline until the month 6. Relatively, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in treatment group was decreased slightly and temporarily. The Fib level in treatment group kept on dropping in the first two months (P <0.01 vs baseline), then remaining stable since the month 3. An uptrend of Hb was seen in the control group hut there was no statistically significant difference. For patients with Hb≥160 g/L, a progressive decrease in Hb was observed after losartan treatment (P<0.01 vs baseline), while a slight, non-significant decrease in the controls. For patients with Hb <160 μmol/L, Hb in treatment group was decreased in the first two months (P<0.01 vs baseline at the month 2), then gradually increased to baseline from the month 3 to 6. A progressive increase in Hb was seen in control group (P < 0.05 vs baseline). Conclusion Losartan can effectively and safely relieve and prevent posttransplantation erythrocytosis following renal transplantation.     

氯沙坦对肾移植术后受者血红蛋白的影响及其使用的安全性

Objective To evaluate the influence of losartan on levels of hemoglobin (Hb) in patients after renal transplantation. The safety of losartan in these patients was also evaluated. Methods Sixty-six hypertensive patients after renal transplantation with stable allograft function and serum creatinine levels below 176. 8 μmol/L (2 mg/dl) were divided into treatment group (n = 34) treated with losartan at a dose of 50 mg/d, and control group (n = 32) not treated with losartan. Each participant was followed up for 6 months, and differences in Hb, whole blood CsA trough concentration, blood pressure (BP), serum creatinine (Cr) and GFR were compared at baseline, and at the month 1, 2, 3 and 6. Results Serum Cr in treatment group showed a slight, hut significant increase at the month 1 (P<0.05 vs baseline), then gradually returned to the baseline until the month 6. Relatively, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in treatment group was decreased slightly and temporarily. The Fib level in treatment group kept on dropping in the first two months (P <0.01 vs baseline), then remaining stable since the month 3. An uptrend of Hb was seen in the control group hut there was no statistically significant difference. For patients with Hb≥160 g/L, a progressive decrease in Hb was observed after losartan treatment (P<0.01 vs baseline), while a slight, non-significant decrease in the controls. For patients with Hb <160 μmol/L, Hb in treatment group was decreased in the first two months (P<0.01 vs baseline at the month 2), then gradually increased to baseline from the month 3 to 6. A progressive increase in Hb was seen in control group (P < 0.05 vs baseline). Conclusion Losartan can effectively and safely relieve and prevent posttransplantation erythrocytosis following renal transplantation.     

多通道并联逆变器馈电永磁同步电机系统谐波性能改进及容错控制

研究了多通道并联逆变器馈电永磁同步电机系统的谐波性能改进方法以及逆变器发生故障并开路运行后的容错控制策略。提出了移相混沌空间向量脉宽调制(SVPWM)策略,通过各并联逆变器SVPWM采样时间的交错,消除了开关频率部分倍频处谐波。同时通过无规则变化开关频率,将所有开关频率倍频处谐波能量在频谱上平铺,进一步减小了谐波峰值。本文针对系统中逆变器故障情况,分别提出并比较了“正常通道直接补偿”、“正常通道不对称电流补偿”及“等额电流补偿”三种容错控制策略。论文通过实验对上述谐波性能改进方法及容错控制策略进行了验证。     

新型外转子低速直驱永磁游标电机的损耗

对一种新型自增速永磁游标电机的损耗情况进行了分析,重点分析了永磁体和铝壳中的损耗。在电磁损耗计算中采用二维时步有限元法,阐明了采用二维有限元法计算永磁体中涡流损耗的原理和注意事项,并通过三维有限元法检验了二维有限元计算永磁体涡流损耗的误差。分析了铝壳损耗的主要影响因素以及减小方法。空载计算损耗与实测损耗基本一致,验证了损耗计算方法的正确性。最后研究了不同负载情况下损耗的变化情况,以及温度对损耗的影响。     

药用炭治疗维持血液透析患者难治性高磷血症效果观察

目的:观察药用炭治疗维持血液透析患者难治性高磷血症的效果。方法:选择在本中心充分透析6个月以上、存在高磷血症且经常规治疗仍不能达标者30例,在常规治疗基础上给予餐中口服药用炭治疗12周,对比分析治疗前后血生化、血常规、血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)等指标变化。结果:(1)治疗后血红蛋白、钠离子、钙离子、碳酸氢根、血浆清蛋白、C-反应蛋白、Kt/Vurea等指标与治疗前比较,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)治疗前血磷水平为(2.38±0.57)mmol/L,治疗后降至(1.95±0.64)mmol/L,治疗后与治疗前比较,差异显著(P<0.05);治疗后iPTH与治疗前比较有所下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:药用炭可显著降低维持血液透析患者难治性高磷血症的血磷水平。     

改良髋前外侧入路与髋外侧入路治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效比较

目的比较老年股骨粗隆间骨折行改良髋前外侧入路与常规髋外侧入路的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年2月-2010年2月收治的61例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者临床资料,其中34例采用经改良髋关节前外侧弧形切口加动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)固定(改良组),27例采用常规髋外侧切口加DHS固定(常规组)。两组患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、Evans分型、合并症、受伤至入院时间、髋关节Harris评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术。改良组手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、引流量、住院时间及负重天数均显著少于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均获随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均18.7个月。患者骨折均获骨性愈合,改良组和常规组骨折愈合时间分别为(11.64±1.28)周和(12.29±1.12)周,比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.15,P=0.15)。术后3、6、12个月两组Harris评分均显著优于术前(P<0.05),术后各时间点间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);改良组术后各时间点Harris评分均优于常规组(P<0.05)。两组切口感染、肢体短缩、髋内翻畸形愈合、主钉切出股骨头、内固定松动发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但改良组总并发症发生率优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用改良髋前外侧入路手术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折,能达到充分暴露,并能减少肌肉损伤,降低手术风险,配合术后早期功能锻炼能尽快恢复髋关节功能。     

不同切除方案对胃中部癌患者远期预后的影响因素分析

目的：探讨影响不同切除方案对胃中部癌患者远期预后的因素。方法回顾性分析我院行手术治疗280例胃中部癌患者的临床资料,其中行全胃切除术患者194例（TG组）,行远端胃大部切除术患者86例（DG组）,比较两组胃中部癌患者的5年生存率及其影响因素。结果 TG组和DG组的5年生存率分别为47.6%和64.3%,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。但是,TG组患者相对肿瘤更大、分期更晚且肿瘤位于小弯侧者居多（均P〈0.05）。TNM分期预后分析显示,两组胃中部癌患者术后5年生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;胃中部癌患者不同近切缘距离者的5年生存率差异也均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。经多因素预后分析显示,胃切除方式不是胃中部癌患者独立的预后因素（P〉0.05）;而浸润深度和TNM分期是胃中部癌患者独立的预后影响因素（均P〈0.05）。结论在能够根治的手术前提下,不同的切除方案并不会影响胃中部癌患者的远期预后,但胃中部癌患者若能够满足彻底根除的条件,则实施远端胃大部切除术是可行的。