透明质酸钠与带蒂筋膜脂肪片预防椎管粘连157例临床观察

目的:讨透明脂酸钠与带蒂筋膜脂肪片联合应用预防椎管粘连的可行性。方法:板切除减压,病灶摘除后,将透明脂酸钠2～4ml注入硬膜周围,后用带蒂筋膜脂肪片覆盖椎版缺损处。结果:57例术后随访6～64个月,优良率98%。结论:明脂酸钠与带蒂筋膜脂肪片联合应用为预防椎管粘连的有效方法。     

新型C形椎管内骨折块复位器治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床研究

目的:评估自制C型椎管内骨折块复位器在胸腰椎骨折后路手术中的疗效及应用价值。方法:36例病人手术前CT及MRI提示胸腰椎骨折并伴有椎体后缘骨折块突入椎管压迫脊髓,行后路切开复位椎弓根钉棒系统内固定+全椎板减压,用自制C型椎管内骨折块复位器在后侧方推挤使椎体后缘骨折块复位,达到恢复椎管容积的目的,并自体骨横突间植骨,术后随访以评价脊柱矫形、椎管占位、复位及神经功能恢复情况(Frankel分级法)。结果:术后X光平片、CT检查36例椎管容积均恢复至正常80%以上,。术后随访6~72月(平均24月),未发生椎体后突畸形,Frankel分级平均进步1~2级。结论:自制C形椎管内骨折块复位器扩大了胸腰椎骨折后路手术治疗适应证范围,复位效果确切,操作简便安全,值得推广。     

Post-traumatic syringomyelia producing paraplegia in an infant

Background Post-traumatic syringomyelia is described in adults after spinal trauma but extremely rarely seen in children, especially in the first year of life. Materials and methods We describe a boy who, at the age of 7 months, suffered spinal trauma during a car accident when he was held at his mother’s lap and suffered extreme flexion of his torso. He suffered a mid-shaft fracture of his right femur, treated with hip spica for 6 weeks. After removal of the spica, it was noticed that he was not moving his legs, but he had preserved pain sensation in the lower half of his trunk and legs. A spine magnetic resonance scan performed 2 months after the injury showed a compressed wedge fracture of the body of T5 vertebra, kyphosis and a large syringomyelia cavity extending from T4 to T8. He had two operations to control the syringomyelia with laminotomy–laminoplasty, dissection of the arachnoid adhesions initially and drainage of the cavity on the second operation, with only modest success. He remains paraplegic 7 years after the injury. He has received thoracic brace immediately after the first spinal operation, which avoided kyphosis. Discussion Spinal trauma is rare in the first year of life; hence, post-traumatic syringomyelia is very rarely seen in infants. Nevertheless, it should be suspected after a major trauma, in the presence of paraplegia. Surgical treatment of post-traumatic syringomyelia in young children has the additional consideration of post-laminotomy kyphosis; hence, thoracic brace should be used early. Commentaries on this paper are available at and .     

Laminoplasty for the treatment of extramedullary intradural tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine: greater than two‐year follow‐up

Objective: To investigate the outcome of a laminoplasty technique without additional instrumentation for fixation of laminae in the treatment of extramedullary intradural tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Methods: Twenty‐four patients (15 men and 9 women) with extramedullary intradural tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine were included in our study. The average age was 36.2 years (range 18 to 61 years). The pathological diagnosis was neurofibroma in 13, ependymoma in 6, lipoma in 2 and teratoma in 3 cases. All patients underwent the same laminoplasty surgery as follows: the laminae were reattached to their original sites, the ligaments (including the supraspinal, interspinal and yellow ligaments) were conserved, and primary stability of the re‐attached laminae was achieved with silk or nylon sutures. Results: Sixty‐six laminae were re‐implanted in 24 patients. The average length of follow‐up was 34.2 months (26.5 to 41 months). Fusion of the laminae was achieved in a mean of 4.5 months (3 to 6 months). Unilateral healing of the incision lines was observed in seven cases, including one with two‐level laminotomy, three with three‐level laminotomy and three with four‐level laminotomy. The other 17 cases underwent bilateral fusion. Conclusion: Fixing the laminae, spinous processes and ligaments with sutures can achieve satisfactory primary stability and high fusion rates for resected laminae. Additional instrumentation may be necessary in greater than three‐level laminoplasty.     

Comparison of ventral corpectomy and plate-screw-instrumented fusion with dorsal laminectomy and rod-screw-instrumented fusion for treatment of at least two vertebral-level spondylotic cervical myelopathy

The objective of the article is to verify the hypothesis that the dorsal multilevel laminectomy and rod-screw-instrumented fusion (DLF) for multilevel spondylotic cervical myelopathy (MSCM) is less strenuous for patients, and less prone to perioperative complications, than ventral multilevel corpectomy and plate-screw-instrumented fusion (VCF), while clinical outcome is comparable. One hundred and three successive patients were treated for at least two vertebral-level MSCM, 42 of them by VCF and 61 by DLF. The two patients groups were retrospectively compared. VCF patients were slightly younger than DLF patients (62.5 ± 10.61 years versus 66 ± 12.4 years, P = 0.012). In VCF patients, a median of 2 (2–3) corpectomies and in DLF patients a median of 3 (2–5) laminectomies were performed. In VCF patients, surgery lasted longer than in DLF patients (229 ± 60 min versus 183 ± 46 min, P ≤ 0.001). Between the VCF and the DLF patients groups, no significant difference was found in perioperative complications (e.g. hardware failure rates of 16.7% in VCF and of 6.6% in the DLF patients) and mortality rates. The postoperative outcome, as assessed by the postoperative change of the Nurick scores, the change of neck pain, the patients’ satisfaction, and the change of the subaxial Cobb angle of the spine did not differ between the two patients groups. However, when comparing the postoperative Nurick scores directly, VCF patients fared somewhat better than DLF patients [median of 2 (0–5) versus 3 (1–5), P = 0.003]. The hypothesized advantages of DLF over VCF in the surgical treatment of at least two vertebral-level MSCM could not be confirmed in this retrospective study. A prospective randomized study is warranted to clarify this issue.     

影响单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎病疗效的术后相关因素分析

目的 探讨单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病术后因素对手术效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2001年5月至2006年12月接受单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者.选取JOA改善率>75%(A组38例)和<25%的病例(B组32例)进行分析.对两组患者年龄、性别、病程、术前JOA评分、术前Pavlov比率、术前颈椎活动度、术前颈椎曲度指数、脊髓受压节段数、随访时间等可能影响术后JOA改善率的术前参数行统计学分析,两组只在年龄和术前JOA评分上差异有统计学意义.去除两组中年龄>60岁的病例以及JOA评分<6分的病例.A组剩余24例(A1组),B组18例(B1组).再次对A1组和B1组行以上统计学分析,两组各项参数差异均无统计学意义.对A1和B1两组术后颈椎活动范围及其改变率、术后颈椎曲度指数及其改变率、术后Pavlov比率及椎管扩大率等六项参数进行成组设计t检验,并与JOA改善率进行相关性分析.结果上述六项参数中除两组术后颈椎活动范围差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余五项参数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).A1组中除术后颈椎活动范围与JOA改善率无相关性,其余指标均与JOA改善率有相关性;B1组中除术后颈椎活动范围及其改变率与JOA改善率无相关性,其余各指标均与JOA改善率有相关性.结论 术后减小颈椎活动范围、维持颈椎前凸及尽量扩大椎管直径有利于神经功能的恢复.     

经椎板切开成形术切除椎管内肿瘤

【目的】探讨经椎板切开成形术切除椎管内肿瘤的临床经验。【方法】2010年6月至2013年6月采用后路椎板切开椎管内肿瘤切除后椎板复位成形术治疗16例椎管内肿瘤患者,16例均平均随访12个月,回顾性对比研究手术前后患者神经功能的变化情况。【结果】16例患者13例肿瘤全切,3例次全切除,术后神经根性疼痛均在1周内好转,肢体、躯干运动感觉障碍在3个月内逐渐改善。3例括约肌功能障碍患者中2例在半年内明显改善,1例改善不明显。所有患者均获得门诊随访,随访时间平均12个月。经M RI检查均未见肿瘤复发。2例患者因术中脊髓神经根牵拉术后出现单侧下肢无力,随访半年后1例恢复良好,1例无明显改善,未出现其他并发症。【结论】后路椎板成形治疗椎管内肿瘤安全可靠,疗效满意。     

颈椎椎板切除术后稳定性研究

目的探讨颈椎椎板切除术对颈椎稳定性的影响及相关因素。方法回顾性分析1997年5月至2009年9月收治的62例颈椎椎管内肿瘤患者的资料。对手术前后的临床及医学影像进行复习,通过手术后随访评价患者脊柱生物力学的变化。结果62例按椎板切除数分为：A组（〈3个）及B组（≥3个）;按病变部位分为：C组（髓内）及D组（髓外）。患者近期及远期临床效果均满意。随访3个月至12年,颈椎不稳定发生率A组3.1%,B组16.7%,B组高于A组（P〈0.05）;C组36.4%,D组4.3%,C组高于D组（P〈0.05）。颈椎曲度恶化发生率A组为3.1%,B组为23.3%,B组高于A组（P〈0.05）;C组45.5%,D组6.4%,C组高于D组（P〈0.05）。结论椎板切除术式可导致颈椎生物力学的变化。椎板切除数≥3个,髓内占位或同时累及颈2及颈7时应注意术后不稳定或畸形的发生。     

Clinical analysis of thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum without ventral compressive lesion

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF) and to elucidate prognostic factors as well as effective surgical treatment modality. The authors analyzed 106 thoracic OLF cases retrospectively from January 1999 to December 2008. The operative (n = 40) and the non-operative group (n = 66) were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) imaging. We excluded cases exhibiting ventral compressive lesions causing subarachnoid space effacement in thoracic vertebrae as well as those with a coexisting cervical compressive myelopathy. Those in the operative group were treated with decompressive laminectomy as well as resection of OLF. The preoperative neurologic status and postoperative outcomes of patients, as indicated by their modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores and recovery rate (RR), Modic changes, the axial (fused or non-fused) and sagittal (omega or beak) configurations of OLF, and the ratios of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the most compressed level were studied. The most commonly affected segment was the T10–11 vertebral body level (n = 49, 27.1%) and the least affected segment was the T7–8 level (n = 1, 0.6%). The ratios of the CSA in non-fused and fused types were 77.3 and 59.3% (p < 0.001). When Modic changes were present with OLF, initial mJOA score was found to be significantly lower than those without Modic change (7.62 vs. 9.09, p = 0.033). Neurological status improved after decompressive laminectomy without fusion (preoperative vs. last mJOA; 7.1 ± 2.01 vs. 8.57 ± 1.91, p < 0.001). However, one patient exhibited transient deterioration of her neurological status after surgery. In the axial configuration, fused-type OLF revealed a significant risk for a decreased postoperative mJOA score (0–7, severe and moderate) (Odds ratio: 5.54, χ² = 4.41, p = 0.036, 95% CI: 1.014–30.256). The results indicated that the new categorization of axial-type of OLF is a helpful predictor of postoperative patient outcome and fused type was related with poor prognosis. In OLF cases free from ventral lesions compressing the spinal cord, decompressive laminectomy is enough for successful surgical outcome. Therefore, early surgical treatment will be considered in cases with fused-type OLF compressing spinal cord even though they do not have myelopathic symptoms.     

Anterior shear strength of the porcine lumbar spine after laminectomy and partial facetectomy

Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis is the most common reason for lumbar surgery in patients in the age of 65 years and older. The standard surgical management is decompression of the spinal canal by laminectomy and partial facetectomy. The effect of this procedure on the shear strength of the spine has not yet been investigated in vitro. In the present study we determined the ultimate shear force to failure, the displacement and the shear stiffness after performing a laminectomy and a partial facetectomy. Eight lumbar spines of domestic pigs (7 months old) were sectioned to obtain eight L2–L3 and eight L4–L5 motion segments. All segments were loaded with a compression force of 1,600 N. In half of the 16 motion segments a laminectomy and a 50% partial facetectomy were applied. The median ultimate shear force to failure with laminectomy and partial facetectomy was 1,645 N (range 1,066–1,985) which was significantly smaller (p = 0.012) than the ultimate shear force to failure of the control segments (median 2,113, range 1,338–2,659). The median shear stiffness was 197.4 N/mm (range 119.2–216.7) with laminectomy and partial facetectomy which was significantly (p = 0.036) smaller than the stiffness of the control specimens (median 216.5, 188.1–250.2). It was concluded that laminectomy and partial facetectomy resulted in 22% reduction in ultimate shear force to failure and 9% reduction in shear stiffness. Although relatively small, these effects may explain why patients have an increased risk of sustaining shear force related vertebral fractures after spinal decompression surgery.