Failure of the platelet-activating-factor antagonist WEB 2086 BS for treatment of chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenia

Summary Thirteen patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) were treated for 14 days with daily oral doses of 120 mg of the novel platelet-activating-factor (PAF) antagonist WEB 2086 BS. Clinical bleeding symptoms remained essentially unchanged in 9 patients and became more pronounced in the post-treatment period in 4 patients. In no case was an increase in platelet counts observed. While the PAF antagonist was well tolerated subjectively during treatment, most patients exhibited a prolongation of the sensitive hemostasis time (a modified bleeding time test) after treatment, but the Duke bleeding time was not changed. We conclude that the PAF antagonist WEB 2086 BS is ineffective for treatment of chronic AITP and should be used with caution in thrombocytopenic patients.     

Effects of lipids and lipoproteins on thrombosis and rheology

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and erosions precipitate thrombus formation and may lead to an acute ischemic syndrome. Lipids and lipoproteins modulate the expression and/or function of thrombotic, fibrinolytic and rheologic factors, and thereby influence hemostasis and potential tissue damage resulting from vascular injury. Triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins are accompanied by elevations in factor VII clotting activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and viscosity of blood and plasma. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) promotes platelet activation and tissue factor expression and LDL levels correlate with levels of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors and fibrinogen. Conversely, LDL inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) which limits activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. High density lipoprotein (HDL) has anti-atherothrombotic properties that result from inhibition of platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, reduced blood viscosity and suppression of tissue factor activity and PAI-1 activity and antigen levels. The effects of lipids and lipoproteins on hemostasis and rheology may have important implications for the clinical sequelae following plaque disruption and erosion.     

Hemorheologic and hemostatic changes in long-standing insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients with peripheral and autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy

Summary Diabetic microangiopathy may be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy. In 17 long-standing type I diabetic patients with peripheral and autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy, several hemorheological and hemostatic alterations were found compared to 13 matched type I patients without neuropathy. In particular, increased plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (p<0.001), fibronectin (p<0.001) and fibrinogen (p<0.001) levels were demonstrated in neuropathic in comparison with non-neuropathic diabetic patients. Moreover negative correlations between these parameters and both motor and sensitive conduction velocity of median, sural and peroneal nerves were observed in diabetic patients with neuropathy. Higher blood viscosity (p<0.05 at shear-rate of 450 and 225 s⁻¹; p<0.01 at 90 s⁻¹; p<0.001 at 4.5 and 2.25 s⁻¹), plasma viscosity (p<0.001) and lower erythrocyte filtrability (p<0.001) were also found in neuropathic compared to non-neuropathic diabetics. Increased prevalence of retinopathy (p<0.01) and nephropathy (p<0.001) was finally reported in patients with autonomic and peripheral neuropathy. Microvascular disease may be involved in the development of neuropathy in long-term type I diabetes mellitus. This study was presented in part at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Leipzig (GDR), 15–19 September 1987.     

内镜下四种方法治疗消化性溃疡出血的疗效

目的 探讨4种内镜下治疗方法对上消化道溃疡出血的疗效.方法 将349例内镜下有活动出血的溃疡患者分为4组:肾上腺素注射组、金属钛夹组、氩离子凝同组及联合治疗组.肾上腺素注射组157例接受内镜下肾上腺素注射止血;金属钛夹组46例接受金属钛夹止血;氩离子凝固组51例接受氩离子凝固止血;联合治疗组95例接受肾上腺素注射联合氩离子凝固止血治疗.对比各组间止血效果.结果 4种方法的即时止血率均为100%,有效止血率在肾上腺素注射组为87.9%,在金属钛夹、氩离子凝同及联合治疗组分别为89.1%、86.3%、91.6%,各组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).肾上腺素注射组中,Forrest Ⅰ a患者的有效止血率为55.0%,明显低于其余3组患者(P<0.01).结论 4种内镜下治疗均能有效、安全止血.药物注射对Forrest Ⅰ a患者的止血效果差.     

高强度聚焦超声治疗功血的初步研究

功能失调性子宫出血简称功血,是一种常见的妇科疾病,其传统的治疗方法主要有性激素治疗、宫内节育器植入、诊断性刮宫及手术治疗。高强度聚焦超声可以靶向消融子宫内膜且有止血作用,在功血治疗方面具有很好的应用前景。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停作为缺血性卒中独立危险因素的可能机制

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)是最常见的睡眠呼吸障碍类型,与缺血性卒中的发病紧密相关.业已证实,OSA是缺血性卒中的一个独立危险因素,其致病机制包括因长期间断性低氧血症和高碳酸血症引起的动脉粥样硬化形成、凝血功能异常以及脑血流动力学改变.合并OSA的缺血性卒中患者预后较差,...     

BBT—UT-3300型超声刀在肝胆手术中的应用

目的探讨超声刀在复杂肝胆手术中的临床应用效果。方法对2008年7月至2009年8月60例行肝切除术、胆道探查术、脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术病人,随机分为超声刀组和对照组,各30例,超声刀组运用超声刀行分离止血及脏器切除,对照组运用常规方法施行手术。两组均观察术中出血量、手术输血量、并发症发生率等。结果超声刀组与对照组相比,术中出血量显著减少[（107±115）ml与（354±3.76）ml,P〈0．05];手术输血量显著减少[{102±123）ml与（356±131）ml,P〈0．01];手术时间显著缩短[（170±36）min与（221±54）min,P〈0．05];并发症发生率低（16．7％与26．7％,P〈0．05）。结论运用超声刀行复杂肝胆手术可有效提高手术安全性,降低手术风险。     

Genetic contributors toward increased risk for ischemic heart disease

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the United States, and is a significant cause of death worldwide. In 2002, it accounted for 38.0% of all deaths in the US, and approximately one-third of all global deaths. It has a significant economic impact, with an estimated cost in the US of 393.5 billion US dollars for 2005. The most common form of heart disease is coronary heart disease (CHD)(1)/coronary artery disease (CAD) resulting from atherosclerosis. Thirteen million Americans are affected by CHD annually, with 7.1 million of these experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI). Five to ten percent of new MI's occur in individuals younger than age 50, and the lifetime risk of developing CAD after age 40 ranges from 32% in women to 49% in men. Because of its major impact on morbidity and mortality, as well as its contribution to annual health care costs, it is of the utmost importance that improved strategies for preventing and treating CAD be developed. A promising, but inherently difficult, area of study is the identification of genes that predispose to or directly cause CAD. The identification of these genes may lead to screening tests that will allow persons at risk for developing CAD to be identified early enough that prevention/intervention strategies can be implemented to prevent or ameliorate the disease process, and may also lead to the development of gene therapy mechanisms useful in the treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Because an exhaustive review of all the genes being studied in relation to CAD and MI is difficult within the confines of a review article, this review will focus on describing representative studies investigating the genes considered most likely to potentially contribute toward an increased risk for CAD and MI. Genes resulting in inherited disorders with which an increased risk of CAD and MI is associated will be discussed, as well as a number of candidate genes that may play a role in the multifactorial inheritance of CHD risk.     

止血镇痛冰块的研制及临床应用效果观察

目的 寻找扁桃体摘除术后局部止血镇痛的有效方法。方法 自行研制了止血镇痛冰块(下称药冰)。100例扁桃体摘除术后患者(观察组)术后2小时起含化药冰,每1～2小时1次,每日8～12次;对照组(50例同期行扁桃体摘除术的患者)术后2小时舌根部含化冰淇淋或雪糕。观察两组术后出血疼痛、伤口愈合等情况。结果 观察组术后疼痛明显减轻,24小时出血量少,进食情况较好,与对照组相关指标比较,P均<0.01。结论药冰制作简单、价格低廉、无异味,止血、镇痛、促伤口愈合效果可靠,优于传统方法。