四磨汤合剂中抑菌剂的抑菌效力评价

目的 对四磨汤合剂中抑菌剂的抑菌效力进行评价。方法 采用HPLC对四磨汤合剂中抑菌剂对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的含量进行测定,并以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、黑曲霉和白色念珠菌为试验菌株,分别加入四磨汤合剂中进行微生物试验,考察在不同时间点样品中微生物的存活情况。结果 四磨汤合剂中对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的含量为0.04%,四磨汤合剂中抑菌剂对细菌的抑制能力较强,而对真菌的抑制能力较弱。结论 四磨汤合剂中抑菌剂的抑菌效力符合中国药典2010年版的要求,不符合中国药典2015年版的要求,现有的抑菌剂处方需进一步优化。     

超滤法结合替代对照品HPLC测定大蒜辣素与大鼠及人血浆的蛋白结合率

目的:测定大蒜辣素与大鼠及人血浆的蛋白结合率,为大蒜辣素的成药性研究提供参考。方法:以羟苯乙酯为替代对照品,采用C_(18)色谱柱,流动相甲醇-1%甲酸梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长254 nm,结合超滤法对大蒜辣素与大鼠及健康人血浆的蛋白结合率进行测定。结果:测得75,150,300 mg·L~(-1)大蒜辣素溶液与大鼠和人血浆蛋白结合率分别为23.2%,19.8%,28.1%及15.5%,25.8%,40.0%。结论:大蒜辣素与大鼠及人的血浆蛋白结合率均较低,替代对照品HPLC可用于测定大蒜辣素的血浆蛋白结合率。     

A New Validated HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of 2-phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben and Propylparaben in a Pharmaceutical Gel

A novel reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 2-phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben preservatives. The method uses a Lichrosorb C8 (150×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column and isocratic elution. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and water (21:13:66, v/v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The UV detection was set at 258 nm. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), specificity, linearity and range. All the parameters examined met the current recommendations for bioanalytical method validation. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of commercially available pharmaceutical gel products for these preservatives. The procedure describes here is simple, selective and reliable for routine quality control analysis and stability tests.     

双波长分光光度法测定水杨酸毒扁豆碱滴眼液的含量

本文采用双波长分光光度法测定水杨酸毒扁豆碱滴眼液,可消除其中尼泊金乙酯的干扰,直接测定水杨酸毒扁豆碱的含量。测定波长为241nm,参比波长为271nm。平均回收率为100.1%,RSD 为0.4%。     

HPLC法测定复方氧氟沙星酮替芬鼻用喷雾剂的含量

目的 建立复方氧氟沙星酮替芬鼻用喷雾剂的含量测定方法.方法 采用Beckman ODS柱(4.6mm×25cm,5μm),以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲液为流动相,流速1.0mL·min-1,检测波长263nm.结果 氧氟沙星在30～300mg·L-1,富马酸酮替芬在20～200mg·L-1,盐酸麻黄素在100～1000mg·L-1,羟苯乙酯在3～30mg·L-1线性关系良好.平均回收率氧氟沙星为98.14%,RSD=0.94%,富马酸酮替芬为98.33%,RSD=0.52%,盐酸麻黄素为98.83%,RSD=1.22%,羟苯乙酯98.91%,RSD=1.87%.结论 本方法准确、快捷,适用于该制剂的含量测定.     

Hydrolysis of a series of parabens by skin microsomes and cytosol from human and minipigs and in whole skin in short-term culture

Parabens are esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and used as anti-microbial agents in a wide variety of toiletries, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It is of interest to understand the dermal absorption and hydrolysis of parabens, and to evaluate their disposition after dermal exposure and their potential to illicit localised toxicity. The use of minipig as a surrogate model for human dermal metabolism and toxicity studies, justifies the comparison of paraben metabolism in human and minipig skin. Parabens are hydrolysed by carboxylesterases to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The effects of the carboxylesterase inhibitors paraoxon and bis-nitrophenylphosphate provided evidence of the involvement of dermal carboxylesterases in paraben hydrolysis. Loperamide, a specific inhibitor of human carboxylesterase-2 inhibited butyl- and benzylparaben hydrolysis in human skin but not methylparaben or ethylparaben. These results show that butyl- and benzylparaben are more selective substrates for human carboxylesterase-2 in skin than the other parabens examined. Parabens applied to the surface of human or minipig skin were absorbed to a similar amount and metabolised to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid during dermal absorption. These results demonstrate that the minipig is a suitable model for man for assessing dermal absorption and hydrolysis of parabens, although the carboxylesterase profile in skin differs between human and minipig.     

地塞米松磷酸钠滴眼液中两种抑菌剂的分析

目的 探讨地塞米松磷酸钠滴眼液中所用抑菌剂的合理性及其含量测定方法.方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定羟苯乙酯含量,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-G18柱(150 mm × 4.6mm,5μm ),流动相为三乙胺溶液(取三乙胺7.5 mL,加水至1000mL,用磷酸调pH至3.5±0.05)-甲醇-乙腈(55:40:5),检测波长为242nm.结果 羟苯乙酯质量浓度在3～300 μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.9998(n=8);平均回收率为100.64%,RSD为0.80%(n=9).结论 羟苯乙酯含量测定方法 准确、重现性好,适用于日常检验;硫柳汞钠作为处方中抑菌剂使用时,应注意与其他辅料成分的相互作用.     

Urinary excretion of phthalate metabolites,phenols and parabens in rural and urban Danish mother–child pairs

Some phthalates, parabens and phenols have shown adverse endocrine disrupting effects in animal studies and are also suspected to be involved in human reproductive problems. However, knowledge about exposure sources and biomonitoring data in different subsets of populations are still scarce. Thus, in this study first morning urine samples were collected from 6 to 11 years Danish children and their mothers. The content of seven parabens, nine phenols and metabolites of eight different phthalates were analysed by LC–MS/MS. Two parabens, six phenols and metabolites from six phthalate diesters were measurable in more than 50%, 75% and 90% of the participants, respectively. Thus the children and their mothers were generally exposed simultaneously to a range of phthalates, phenols and parabens. In general, the levels were low but for several of the compounds extreme creatinine adjusted concentrations 100–500-fold higher than the median level were seen in some participants. Children were significantly higher exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and some of the phthalates (DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP and DiNP) than their mothers, whereas mothers were higher exposed to compounds related to cosmetics and personal care products such as parabens (MeP, EtP and n-PrP), benzophenone-3, triclosan and diethyl phthalate. However, a very high correlation between mothers and their children was observed for all chemicals. A high individual exposure to one chemical was often associated with a high exposure to other of the chemicals and the possibility of combination effects of multiple simultaneous exposures cannot be excluded.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方庆大霉素合剂中4种主要成分

目的：建立测定复方庆大霉素合剂中盐酸普鲁卡因、盐酸麻黄碱、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和硫酸庆大霉素的高效液相色谱法。方法：前３ 种药物用反相色谱－ 波长和灵敏度切换法同时测定，硫酸庆大霉素用柱前衍生化色谱法测定。结果：质控结果显示药物浓度与峰高响应值线性关系良好，相关系数分别０－９９９５，０－９９７８，０－９９６６ 和０－９９９２；４ 种药物的加样回收率分别平均为９５－５±５－６％ ，９６－２±４－５％ ，９６－０±４－７％ ，９２－５±６－２％ ；日内ＲＳＤ 均＜ ６－０ ％ （ ｎ ＝５），连续测定５ｄ 的日间ＲＳＤ ＜ ７－２ ％（ ｎ ＝５），精密度和重现性良好。结论：该法适于作为药检室检测该合剂的方法     

HPLC法同时测定吡诺克辛钠滴眼液中不同抑菌剂的含量

目的：建立同时测定吡诺克辛钠滴眼液中不同抑菌剂（硫柳汞钠、羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯、羟苯丙酯）含量的HPLC法。方法：采用C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）,流动相为0.005 mol·L^-1的醋酸铵溶液（每1000 mL中含三乙胺10 mL,用冰醋酸调节pH值至5.0±0.5）-乙腈（70：30）,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为256 nm,柱温为30℃。结果：硫柳汞钠、羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯和羟苯丙酯在各自的检测质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,r为0.9993~1.0000,检测限分别为2.3、0.4、0.7、1.1 ng;4种抑菌剂的平均回收率为100.4%~102.7%（RSD≤1.4,n=9）。结论：本文建立的方法结果准确可靠,可作为吡诺克辛钠滴眼液中不同抑菌剂的质量控制方法。