福州市透视受检者入射体表剂量率现况与控制措施研究

目的 了解福州市医用常规X射线机透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值水平,并研究控制措施,保障受检者健康权益。方法 参照《医用常规X射线诊断设备影像质量控制检测规范》（WS 76-2011）对透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值水平进行调查与评价,并对控制措施结果开展追踪调查。结果 共调查87台X射线影像增强器透视设备,透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值>25 mGy/min为22台,对其中（市级及以下卫计委管理）17台开展干预。5台经过设备维修,5台采用"高电压、低电流、厚滤过"操作方法,透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值降为≤ 25 mGy/min。停机4台。待置换新机3台。结论 加强监督管理,开展放射工作人员培训,提高放射卫生防护意识;强化质量控制检测,及时维修或更换透视机;采用"高电压、低电流、厚滤过"等合理操作方法,是控制透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值的主要措施。     

口腔并发症患者口腔pH值变化及护理探讨

目的：探索重危病人口腔并发症与口腔PH值的关系及有效的护理方法。方法：观察内科重危病人口腔并发症，并用精密试纸测量口腔PH值，将PH值异常的口腔并发症患者随机分为对照组和实验组，分别给予常规口腔护理和常规口腔护理加PH纠正液含漱。结果：无口腔并发症患者63例中，口腔PH值异常4例（6．35％）；有口腔并发症的176例病人中，口腔PH值异常84例（42．73％），P＜0．05，92例PH值正常口腔溃疡12例（13．04％），84例口腔PH值异常有口腔溃疡33例（39．28％），P＜0．05。对照组治愈率74．71％，实验组为88．76％，P＜0．05。平均治愈天数，对照组为9．14天，实验组为5．91天，结论：重危病人口腔并发症与口腔PH值异常密切相关，对口腔PH值异常者加用PH纠正液含漱较单纯用常规口腔护理效果好。     

C-反应蛋白诊断化脓穿孔性阑尾炎价值的研究

目的探讨C-反应蛋白诊断化脓穿孔穿孔性阑尾炎的价值。方法 156例于本院2008年1月至2011年12月实施阑尾切除术的患者纳入本次研究,Logistic回归多因素回顾性分析化脓穿孔性阑尾炎(研究组)较单纯性阑尾炎(对照组)发病的危险因素;ROC分析C-反应蛋白诊断化脓穿孔性阑尾炎的截断值、敏感度、特异度和Youden指数。结果 Logistic回归分析显示年龄、发病时间、阑尾直径和CRP是化脓穿孔阑尾炎发病的危险因素,CRP最佳诊断截断值为75mg/L,敏感度为58.4%,特异度为97.8%,Youden指数为0.557。结论 CRP>75mg/L时可以较好地预测化脓穿孔性阑尾炎的发生,及时手术治疗可避免更严重并发症的发生。     

Screening and Surveillance for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Research and Practice

Several research studies have attempted to prospectively identify children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using screening instruments. While it has been possible to pick up unrecognised cases using screens, no instrument has yet proved sufficiently robust to recommend universal screening. However, autism screens can play an important role in improved surveillance for ASD and other developmental disorders. There are important differences between the development of screening instruments in research studies and the use of screens as part of routine clinical surveillance. Screening for a developmental disorder raises clinical issues for parents and professionals, including those relating to the concept of 'risk status', certainty of diagnosis, advice about management and the availability of appropriate services. One positive by-product of screening studies will be improvements in the training and knowledge of primary care health practitioners about early signs of ASD, hopefully leading to improved clinical decision-making about appropriate referral. Future developments in the field should include consideration of a broader approach to the identification of children with developmental and language disorders alongside the identification of children with ASD, and appropriate research designs to test the specific benefits of early intervention.     

Evaluation of Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin as a Marker of Neonatal Bacterial Infections

Objective

This study tried to assess sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of procalcitonin for diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infections.

Methods

This prospective cross sectional study was carried out during an 18-month period in NICU and neonatal wards of Besat Hospital in Hamedan province, Iran. 39 symptomatic infants with clinical and laboratory findings in favor of bacterial infection with a positive blood, CSF, and/or supra pubic urine culture entered the study; 32 newborns without any bacterial infection served as control group. Quantitative procalcitonin level ≥0.5 ng/ml was accepted as pathological. Finally sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for procalcitonin test.

Findings

20 blood cultures, 17 urine cultures and 8 CSF cultures were positive. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for procalcitonin test was 76.9%, 100%, 100% and 78% respectively. Diagnostic value of procalcitonin test in accordance with blood culture for mentioned items was 85%, 100%, 100% and 91.4% respectively. Its diagnostic value according to urine culture was: sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 86.4%, and according to CSF culture was: sensitivity 75%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 94.1% respectively.

Conclusion

The results show that the procalcitonin test has high sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for diagnosis of neonatal infections.     

左心房容积追踪技术在评价高血压患者左心房功能变化中的价值分析

目的对左心房容积追踪技术评价高血压患者左心房功能变化中的价值进行分析。方法采用多普勒超声诊断仪．频率为1～5MHz,嘱患者左侧卧位,测心电图,记录静息心率,患者设为实验组。结果通过实验组和对照组之间进行对比发现,左心房容积追踪技术在评价高血压患者左心房功能改变中有重大临床意义。结论左心房容积追踪技术作为一种新的评价左房功能技术,可通过自动追踪左心房壁内膜运动轨迹获得实时左房容积曲线,快捷、全面评价左房功能改变。应用左房容积追踪技术可探讨不同厚度左室壁高血压患者的左心房功能差异。     

经腹经阴道彩色多普勒超声在诊断及治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠中的价值

目的探讨经腹经阴道彩色多普勒超声在诊断及治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠中的价值。方法对经腹部结合经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断和辅助治疗6例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 6例剖宫产后子宫瘢痕妊娠表现为子宫前壁下段剖宫产瘢痕处见妊娠囊、厚壁囊样结构或杂乱回声区。其中,3例治疗成功,1例治疗后复查发现囊样结构变成杂乱回声团,刮宫取样送病理证实;1例外院将宫腔积液误诊为宫内孕行人工流产术,人工流产后出血不止,经保守治疗至HCG降至较低水平,包块逐渐变小;1例外院药流失败行清宫术,经保守治疗无效后,开腹行子宫瘢痕部位妊娠病灶切除加子宫修补术,手术成功。结论经腹结合经阴道彩色多普勒超声能够清晰显示剖宫产后子宫瘢痕妊娠的位置、内部回声及血供情况。     

动态心电图在老年心律失常患者中的临床诊断

目的探讨动态心电图在老年心律失常患者中的临床诊断价值和意义。方法我院在2010年5月到2011年10月共收治老年心律失常患者200例,对所有的患者行24h动态心电图检查和常规心电图检查并进行分析比较。结果通过比较可以看出动态心电图检出房性早搏、室性早搏、房速、房颤、房室传导阻滞窦房、窦缓传导阻滞、室内传导阻滞、房室传导阻滞的检出率分别占94.4%、80.8%、25.6%、13.12%、4.8%、2.4%、14.4%、6.4%。与动态心电图相对照的常规心电图检出上述心律失常发生率分别占70.0%、55.0%、3.0%、3.5%、1.0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%。从上述分析的结果可以得知动态心电图检出率明显高于常规检出率。结论动态心电图在老年心律失常患者中具有重要的临床诊断价值和意义。     

Low birth weight and psychiatric morbidity; stability and change between adolescence and young adulthood

Background

Being born with low birth weight is a risk factor for psychiatric morbidity.Few longitudinal studies have included diagnostic assessment and followed subjects into adulthood.

Aim

To assess stability and change in psychiatric morbidity between adolescence and young adulthood in low birth weight subjects, and explore whether screening in adolescence can predict subsequent psychopathology in these groups.

Study design

Prospective geographically based follow-up study of two low birth weight groups and a control group born between 1986 and 1988, assessed at 14 (T1) and 20 (T2) years of age.

Subjects

Thirty eight subjects born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW: ≤ 1500 g), 43 born at term but small for gestational age (SGA: < 10th percentile) and 64 controls with normal birth weight participated.

Outcome measures

Mental health was assessed using diagnostic psychiatric interview at both study points supplemented with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment and Children's Global Assessment Scale at T1.

Results

There was a trend towards increasing morbidity from T1 among VLBW (p = 0.086) and a significant increase among SGA (p = 0.003) participants. Supplementary assessment at T1 discriminated satisfactory between persons with and without psychiatric disorders at T2 (area under ROC curve: 0.66 to 0.89), but was most effective in the VLBW group.

Conclusion

High psychiatric morbidity continued into young adulthood in the VLBW group and increased significantly in the SGA group. Screening in adolescence can be used to detect individuals at risk especially among those born at very low birth weight.     

《内经图》及其养生意蕴和价值

《内经图》大体可以分为民间、寺观和宫廷3种版本,是内丹养生技术和方法传承的载体。《内经图》大约清初成图,该图以取象比类的传统思维方式表述内丹养生的技术方法和境界,其中蕴涵了"炼精化气"、"炼气化神"、"炼神还虚"等内丹养生的基本内容。其所承载的养生方法与技术可溯源于古代方技中"神仙家"的养生思想和《黄帝内经》"呼吸精气,独立守神"等养生理念,对于构建和谐社会、传承中医养生文化意义重大,具有一定的养生推广价值。