重组pIRES-AD7c-NTP质粒的构建表达及其对PC12细胞凋亡的影响

目的构建重组pIRES-AD7c-NTP质粒,探究其对PC12细胞凋亡的影响。方法构建pIRESAD7c-NTP重组质粒,通过脂质体体外转染至PC12细胞内,RT-PCR检测凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2和bax的mRNA表达变化含量变化。结果成功构建pIRES-AD7c-NTP重组质粒并转染至PC12细胞内;重组质粒转染组出现了明显的细胞凋亡,流式细胞仪检测出典型凋亡峰;重组质粒转染组中bcl-2表达低于对照组,bax表达高于对照组。结论 AD7c-NTP重组质粒转染组PC12细胞内bcl-2/bax表达异常,说明AD7c-NTP增加凋亡促进蛋白的表达、同时减少凋亡抑制蛋白的表达,可见AD7c-NTP可导致神经细胞发生凋亡,为后续研究提供实验基础。     

Plasma linoleic acid partially mediates the association of bipolar disorder on self-reported mental health scales

We have shown that bipolar individuals have reduced quality diets, including lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We have also reported reduced plasma levels of the n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid (LA), and the n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in bipolar subjects. In the current analysis we hypothesized that LA and EPA plasma levels would mediate lower self-reported mental health and life functioning scores in bipolar subjects. In a cross-sectional study, we collected a 7-day diet record in bipolar (n = 56) and control subjects (n = 46) followed by a fasted blood draw. We used structured equation modeling path analysis to test for mediating effects of dietary intake and plasma levels of LA and EPA on self-reported mental health questionnaire scores, including the Life Functioning Questionnaire (LFQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF12), extracting the mental health component summary score (SF12-MH). We adjusted for age, gender, psychiatric medication use, body mass index (BMI), and total caloric intake as covariates with bipolar disorder as the primary predictor. We found a significant path association from bipolar disorder to lower plasma LA levels (p = 0.03) and significant paths from plasma LA to PHQ9 (p = 0.05), LFQ (p = 0.01) and SF12-MH (p = 0.05) scores, such that lower plasma LA predicted worse outcomes. We found no significant paths from plasma EPA levels to any of the outcome measures. These findings suggest that plasma LA levels partially mediate the effect of bipolar disorder on self-reported measures of mental health and life functioning.     

The role of quercetin on the survival of neuron-like PC12 cells and the expression of α-synuclein

Both genetic and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. As α-synuclein is a major constituent of Lewy bodies, a pathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease, genetic aspects of α-synuclein is widely studied. However, the influence of dietary factors such as quercetin on α-synuclein was rarely studied. Herein we aimed to study the neuroprotective role of quercetin against various toxins affecting apoptosis, autophagy and aggresome, and the role of quercetin on α-synuclein expression. PC12 cells were pre-treated with quercetin(100, 500, 1,000 μM) and then together with various drugs such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+; a free radical generator), 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA; a free radical generator), ammonium chloride(an autophagy inhibitor), and nocodazole(an aggresome inhibitor). Cell viability was determined using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltertazolium bromide(MTT) assay. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide through the use of fluorescence activated cell sorter. α-Synuclein expression was detected by western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. The role of α-synuclein was further studied by knocking out α-synuclein using RNA interference. Cell viability increased at lower concentrations(100 and 500 μM) of quercetin but decreased at higher concentration(1,000 μM). Quercetin exerted neuroprotective effect against MPP+, ammonium chloride and nocodazole at 100 μM. MPP+ induced apoptosis was decreased by 100 μM quercetin. Quercetin treatment increased α-synuclein expression. However, knocking out α-synuclein exerted no significant effect on cell survival. In conclusion, quercetin is neuroprotective against toxic agents via affecting various mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy and aggresome. Because α-synuclein expression is increased by quercetin, the role of quercetin as an environmental factor in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis needs further investigation.     

左归降糖益肾方含药血浆对高糖培养小鼠足细胞凋亡及Caspase-12表达的影响

目的 探讨在高糖作用下,体外培养的小鼠足细胞凋亡及内质网应激凋亡因子Caspase-12 mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化及左归降糖益肾方含药血浆的调控作用.方法 将体外培养的小鼠足细胞随机分为空白组(A组,25 mmol/L葡萄糖,10％空白血浆)、高糖组(B组,200 mmol/L葡萄糖,10％空白血浆)、左归降糖益肾方含药血浆组(C组,200 mmol/L葡萄糖,10％含药血浆),4-苯基丁酸含药血浆组(D组,200 mmol/L葡萄糖,10％含药血浆).培养48 h后,采用免疫荧光细胞化学法、流式细胞术检测足细胞凋亡情况;Western blot法、RT-PCR法分别检测Caspase-12蛋白或mRNA表达水平的变化.结果 与A组比较:在高糖状态下B组足细胞凋亡率、Caspase-12 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与B组比较:C组、D组足细胞凋亡率,Caspase-12 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与C组比较:D组足细胞凋亡率降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但Caspase-12 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 Caspase-12表达上调,是足细胞凋亡的分子机制之一;10％左归降糖益肾方含药血浆可能通过降低Caspase-12的表达水平,从而保护足细胞.     

ADAMs在中国汉族肺癌人群中的表达模式分析

目的：探讨去整合素基质金属蛋白酶（a disintegrin and metalloprotease ,ADAMs）家族成员在中国汉族人群肺癌中的表达模式。方法应用免疫组化、real‐time PCR 和 western blotting 检测 ADAM‐12、‐15和‐17在20例肺腺癌、20例肺鳞癌、10例小细胞肺癌标本以及不同病理类型肺癌细胞株中的表达。结果 ADAM‐12在肺腺癌、鳞癌以及小细胞肺癌中的阳性表达率分别为25％、20％和50％;ADAM‐15在肺腺癌、鳞癌和小细胞肺癌中的阳性表达率分别为70％、20％和10％;AD‐AM‐17在肺腺癌、鳞癌和小细胞肺癌中的阳性表达率分别为35％／、45％和10％;它们在细胞株中的表达与组织样品相一致。结论 ADAMs 家族成员在不同病理类型肺癌中的表达有较大差异,提示 ADAMs 家族成员在不同病理类型肺癌的发生、发展、浸润转移中的作用不一致。该研究为肺癌浸润转移机制的研究提供实验依据。     

赤藓糖醇对H2O2诱导PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护机制

目的 探讨赤藓糖醇对PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护机制.方法 用H202造成PC12细胞氧化损伤模型,采用Western-blot的方法检测赤藓糖醇对Caspase-9、Caspase-12、Hsp70、TXNIP蛋白表达的影响.结果 赤藓糖醇可抑制H2O2损伤PC12细胞的Caspase-9表达(P＜0.05),对Caspase-12、Hsp70、TXNIP的表达没有明显影响.结论 赤藓糖醇可通过抑制线粒体途径的细胞凋亡发挥其抗氧化作用.     

香烟提取物通过减少HDAC2表达诱导小鼠C2C12成肌细胞衰老

目的:探讨香烟提取物(CSE)能否引起小鼠C2C12成肌细胞衰老,并研究成肌细胞衰老与组蛋白去乙酰化酶2(HDAC2)的关系。方法:培养C2C12细胞株,分化为成熟成肌细胞,观察CSE干预对成肌细胞衰老和HDAC2表达的影响,采用real-time PCR和Western blot方法分别检测HDAC2 mRNA和蛋白的表达;β-半乳糖苷酶染色检测衰老细胞的百分率。结果:MTT法测定最佳CSE浓度与干预时间分别为60 m L/L和24 h。CSE干预后β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性细胞数增加,同时伴有HDAC2 mRNA和蛋白表达的减少。四溴苯三唑(TBB)在促进HDAC2 mRNA和蛋白表达的同时,β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性细胞数减少;用HDAC2的特异性阻滞剂丙戊酸抑制HDAC2 mRNA和蛋白的表达时,β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性细胞数增加。结论:香烟提取物可通过减少小鼠C2C12成肌细胞HDAC2的表达促进细胞老化。     

硫化氢保护被ATP损伤的PC12细胞

目的:观察硫化氢的供体硫氢化钠(Na HS)对三磷酸腺苷(ATP)诱导的PC12细胞活力、胞内Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)及膜通透性的变化,探讨硫化氢神经保护作用的嘌呤信号机制。方法:将对数生长期高分化的PC12细胞,随机分为4组,分别为(1)正常对照组:常规培养,不进行ATP处理;(2)ATP组:接种细胞24 h后ATP处理;(3)Na HS+ATP组:Na HS预先孵育30 min后再用ATP处理,并且Na HS始终存在于反应体系中;(4)KN-62(P2X7受体阻断剂)+ATP组:KN-62预先孵育30 min,其余同Na HS+ATP组。MTT检测各组细胞活力,Fura-2/AM荧光染料检测各组[Ca2+]i,检测荧光染料YO-PRO-1的相对荧光单位以反映膜的通透性。结果:(1)0.3mmol/L ATP对细胞活力无影响,但1、3、5、10 mmol/L ATP则呈浓度依赖式明显降低细胞活力,200μmol/L Na HS干预可明显逆转ATP引起的细胞活力下降(P0.05),而800μmol/L Na HS预处理则加剧ATP对PC12细胞的损伤(P0.05)。(2)ATP处理PC12细胞会引起[Ca2+]i迅速升高并且呈浓度依赖性,Na HS预处理能对抗ATP引起的[Ca2+]i升高(P0.05)。(3)随着ATP浓度的增加及作用时间的延长,PC12细胞内YO-PRO-1的荧光强度显著增加,Na HS预处理可明显减少细胞对YO-PRO-1的摄取(P0.05)。结论:硫化氢可保护ATP损伤的PC12细胞,可能与其抑制[Ca2+]i升高和YO-PRO-1荧光增强有关。     

骨桥蛋白通过内质网应激诱导C2C12肌细胞胰岛素抵抗

目的:探讨骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)对C2C12肌细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响及其可能的机制。方法:低血清培养辅以胰岛素处理诱导C2C12成肌细胞分化为C2C12肌细胞,蛋白免疫印迹检测蛋白质的表达,离心法分离细胞膜,葡萄糖摄取试剂盒定量葡萄糖摄取。结果:(1)骨桥蛋白以剂量依赖和时间依赖方式抑制胰岛素刺激的蛋白激酶B(Akt)的磷酸化,并抑制胰岛素所致的葡萄糖转运体4(Glut4)膜位移和葡萄糖的摄取;而特异性的抗OPN受体CD44抗体预处理可逆转上述变化。(2)OPN可诱导C2C12肌细胞的内质网应激,并促进c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)的磷酸化。(3)内质网应激抑制剂4-苯基丁酸(4-PBA)可降低OPN所增加的JNK磷酸化,恢复胰岛素刺激所致的Glut4的膜位移以及葡萄糖摄取。结论:骨桥蛋白通过诱导C2C12肌细胞内质网应激导致胰岛素抵抗。本研究为揭示骨桥蛋白在胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病中的作用提供了新的实验依据和理论解释。     

The transduction pattern of IL‐12‐encoding lentiviral vectors shapes the immunological outcome

In situ modification of antigen‐presenting cells garnered interest in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, we developed APC‐targeted lentiviral vectors (LVs). Unexpectedly, these LVs were inferior vaccines to broad tropism LVs. Since IL‐12 is a potent mediator of antitumor immunity, we evaluated whether this proinflammatory cytokine could enhance antitumor immunity of an APC‐targeted LV‐based vaccine. Therefore, we compared subcutaneous administration of broad tropism LVs (VSV‐G‐LV) with APC‐targeted LVs (DC2.1‐LV)‐encoding enhanced GFP and ovalbumin, or IL‐12 and ovalbumin in mice. We show that codelivery of IL‐12 by VSV‐G‐LVs or DC2.1‐LVs augments CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T‐cell proliferation, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that codelivery of IL‐12 enhances the CD4⁺ T_H1 profile irrespective of its delivery mode, while an increase in cytotoxic and therapeutic CD8⁺ T cells was only induced upon VSV‐G‐LV injection. While codelivery of IL‐12 by DC2.1‐LVs did not enhance CD8⁺ T‐cell performance, it increased expression of inhibitory checkpoint markers Lag3, Tim3, and PD‐1. Finally, the discrepancy between CD4⁺ T‐cell stimulation with and without functional CD8⁺ T‐cell stimulation by VSV‐G‐ and DC2.1‐LVs is partly explained by the observation that IL‐12 relieves CD8⁺ T cells from CD4⁺ T‐cell help, implying that a T_H1 profile is of minor importance for antitumor immunotherapy if IL‐12 is exogenously delivered.