蝶骨电极脑电图在颞叶癫痫中的诊断价值

目的 探讨蝶骨电极脑电图在颞叶癫痫中的诊断价值.方法 对306例临床诊断为颞叶癫痫的患者于发作间期行常规电极脑电图及蝶骨电极脑电图检查,分别对其痫样放电的检出率进行分析.结果 蝶骨电极脑电图能明显提高颞叶癫痫患者痫样放电检出率,为80.4%(246/306),与常规电极脑电图的60.8%(186/306)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).此外发现常规电极脑电图描记时以耳垂为参考电极的导联中176例可见一侧或双侧正相尖(棘)波,而在蝶骨电极脑电图均记录到明显的痫样放电.结论 蝶骨电极脑电图对颞叶癫痫的诊断、定侧定位具有重要价值,对疑有颞叶癫痫的患者应列为常规描记方法.     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 研究细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(cyclin dependent kinases 5,CDK5)在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,探索其在耐药性癫(癎)发病机制中的作用.方法 收集耐药性癫(癎)患者术后脑组织,用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot 3种检测方法从基因和蛋白水平分别测定CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,并与对照组进行比较.结果 荧光定量PCR发现CDK5 mRAN比对照组明显增加,免疫组化检测显示这种基因的蛋白表达产物主要分布在神经元轴突和胶质细胞中,Western blot检测在相对分子质量35 000处有一蛋白条带,并且可见实验组(颞叶和海马中分别为1.4293±0.1839和2.0733±0.4738)高于对照组(颞叶和海马中分别为0.9680±0.4147和1.403±0.6163,P＜0.05).结论 CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中表达增强,提示他们可能参与了耐药性癫(癎)的形成.     

Progranulin基因突变会造成额颞叶型痴呆症

据美国BIOCOMPARE科技新闻网（2006／7／19）报道，英属哥伦比亚大学及曼彻斯特大学的研究人员发现，前颗粒蛋白（Progranulin）基因突变会造成额颞叶型痴呆症（Frontotemporal Dementia，FTD）。     

额叶及颞叶癫(癎)549例临床比较研究

目的:比较额叶癫(癎)(LE)与颞叶癫(癎)(TLE)在临床特征上的不同.方法:按国际抗癫(癎)联盟1989年癫(癎)综合征分类对门诊病例进行诊断筛选.对382例TLE和167例FLE患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,用x2检验及比值比(Odd值)统计数据.结果:TLE与FLE在发病年龄、发作表现、发作间期脑电图改变(双侧放电、多脑叶放电、同步化和睡眠中放电增多)、发作频率和预后上差异有极显著统计学意义.结论:FLE和TLE的临床诊断对于治疗决策有重要意义.     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

发作间期脑电图对难治性内侧颞叶癫(癎)术前定位和预后判断的价值

目的 探讨发作间期脑电图在难治性内侧颞叶癫(癎)(medial temporaJ lobe epilepsy,MTLE)术前评估以及预后判断中的价值.方法 对28例难治性内侧颞叶癫(癎)手术患者术前评估资料及术后随访情况进行回顾分析.统计前颞区发作间期放电(in-tedctal epileptic discharges,IEDs)棘波次数,区分单侧放电(≥90%的IEDs局限于一侧)与双侧放电、单侧优势(双侧独立IEDs在每侧均＜90%,且一侧独立IEDs≥75%),并将其与发作期脑电图,MER结构异常以及术后结果比较.结果 发作间期放电(IEDs)明确单侧者比有双侧放电表现为IEDs单侧优势者显示更好的预后;对于有海马硬化(hippocampal sclemsis,Hs)的患者,与IEDs一致均有满意的手术效果.结论 术前发作间期脑电图有助于MTLE的术前定位以及预后评价.     

颞叶癫痫的MRI与临床分析

目的：探讨颞叶癫痫的MRI表现、临床特征及治疗。方法：利用MRI辅以EEG诊断并定位32例颞叶癫痫（TLE），抗癫痫药(AED)正规治疗2年控制不良并外科手术治疗。结果：32例TLE患全部海马萎缩，2例双侧；高信号26例。诊断海马硬化26例。24例手术病理结果证实与MRI结果相符。手术后加药物治疗，效果满意15例，显7例，良好2例。结论：海马萎缩与信号增高是硬化常见MRI表现，有诊断价值。MRI有助于TLE定位诊断。手术加药物是治疗顽固性TLE之重要方法。     

颞叶癫癇大鼠海马区NCX3 mRNA和蛋白的表达变化

目的：动态观察钠-钙交换体（NCX）mRNA和蛋白在氯化锂-匹罗卡品致癇模型大鼠海马CAl、CA3及齿状回区表达的变化，探讨其在癫痫发生发展中的作用。方法：用氯化锂-匹罗卡品制备癫癇动物模型；应用原位杂交和免疫组化技术检测各时间点NCX3 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果：急性期（6～24h）海马各区NCX3 mRNA表达均随时间的延长逐渐减少；进入静止期各区表达趋向回升，慢性反复自发发作期（30、60d）各区表达又出现不同程度的两次下调。除致癇后6h大鼠海马各区的NCX3蛋白表达无明显变化外，NCX3蛋白变化趋势与NCX3mRNA基本一致。结论：NCX3表达下调可能通过增加神经元钙超载，改变海马神经元的兴奋性，促使癫癇发生。